1、MBA 联考-英语(二)-13 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, D.In theory, annual performance review are constructive and positive interactions between managers and employees worki
2、ng together to attain U U 1 /U /Uperformance and strengthen the organization. In reality, they often create division, U U 2 /U /Umorale (士气), and spark anger and jealousy. U U 3 /U /U, although the object of the annual performance review is to improve performance, it often has the U U 4 /U /Uresult.
3、 A programmer at a brokerage (经济) firm was U U 5 /U /Uto learn at her annual performance review that she was denied a promotion U U 6 /U /Ushe wasnt a “team player“ . What were the data used to make this U U 7 /U /U? She didnt smile in the company photo.U U 8 /U /Uthis story might sound as if it cam
4、e straight out of a comic strip, it is a true U U 9 /U /Uof one womans experience. By U U 10 /U /Ua few tips and guidelines (准则) from industry analysis, this kind of ordeal (厄运) can be avoided.To end the year U U 11 /U /Ua positive and useful performance review, managers and employees must start the
5、 year by working together to U U 12 /U /Uclear goals and expectations.It may be helpful to allow employees to submit a list of people U U 13 /U /Uwith the company who will be in a good position to U U 14 /U /Utheir performance at the end of the year is out. These people may be coworkers, suppliers,
6、or even customers.By checking U U 15 /U /Uprogress at about nine months, managers can give them a chance to correct mistakes and provide U U 16 /U /Uto those who need it before the year is ont. When conducting the review, managers should U U 17 /U /Ustrengths and weaknesses during the past year and
7、discuss future responsibilities, avoiding punishment or blame.U U 18 /U /U, when employees leave their performance reviews, they should be focusing on U U 19 /U /Uthey can do in the year U U 20 /U /U, not worrying about what went into their files about the past.（分数：10.00）(1). A. normal B. moderate C
8、. maximum D. minimum（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2). A. heighten B. undermine C. stimulate D. hinder（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Thus B. Nevertheless C. Moreover D. Also（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4). A. desirable B. opposite C. satisfactory D. erroneous（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5). A. shocked B. thrilled C. terrified D. dissatisfi
9、ed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6). A. though B. because C. unless D. while（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7). A. conclusion B. identification C. prejudice D. judgment（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8). A. Since B. Because C. If D. Although（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9). A. evaluation B. designation C. account D. exhibition（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10). A.
10、 following B. retaining C. specifying D. eliminating（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11). A. in B. with C. by D. for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12). A. establish B. accomplish C. attain D. surpass（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13). A. involved B. associated C. satisfied D. cooperated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14). A. supervise B. comment C. asse
11、ss D. observe（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15). A. employees B. customers C. suppliers D. companies（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16). A. promotion B. information C. guidance D. position（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17). A. monitor B. verify C. focus D. highlight（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18). A. In time B. In short C. At last D. For example（分数
12、：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19). A. whether B. how C. what D. why（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20). A. next B. ahead C. forth D. after（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BSection Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPart A/B(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.We have kno
13、wn for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with differen
14、t types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging th
15、e roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be “beyond dispute“We can safely say, with a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West f
16、rom the beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction, raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model, lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the da
17、wn of time. The woman bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary. The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlappin
18、g or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the timehonored order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm.Sex roles were determined according to the “place“ appropriate to each. Womens place was, first and foremost, in the home. The outside world, i. e. wo
19、rkshops, factories and business firms, belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world (private and public) gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes, which conferred on each its special identity. The woman, sequestered at home, “cared, nurtured and conserved“ . To do this, she had
20、 no need to be daring, ambitious, tough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men, was caught up every day in the struggle for survival, and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man. Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons
21、for doing so have changed considerably. Besides the traditional financial incentives, we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances, and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all, for all w
22、omen, work is invariably connected with the desire for independence.（分数：10.00）(1).It is only in recent years that we have recognized that _. A. there is almost no clue to the identity of both sexes B. the role distinction between different sexes is conspicuous C. the different definitions of sexes b
23、ears on the development of culture D. the progress of civilization greatly influences the role definitions of sexes（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).From paragraph 1 we can infer that it is now possible for women to embark on a career because _. A. the change in sex roles is out of the question B. womens role ha
24、s been going on for many years C. ideas about the roles of women have been changing D. the expansion of sciences scarcely remolds the womens roles（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author believes that sex discrimination in the West before the 1960s was _. A. preferable B. prevalent C. presumable D. precedent
25、（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the fourth paragraph, the author seems to think that _. A. female passivity is natural B. men and women are physically identical C. men are born competitive and aggressive D. some different sex identity is acquired（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the author, which
26、of the following is the most important reason for women to go to work? A. Wish to claim their rights and freedom B. Ambition and serf-fulfillment C. Financial incentives D. Desire for a social life（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.The domestic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkably vigorous and steady
27、 fashion. The revival in consumer confidence was reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel strengthening in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-up rate of plant and eq
28、uipment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses for inventory. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the year as a whole, consumer and business sentiment benefited from the ease in East-West tensions.The bases
29、of the business expansion were to be found mainly in the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover, the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of production efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a strong expansion. In addi
30、tion, the economic policy moves made by the President had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Finally, of course, the economy was able to grow as vigorously as it did because sufficient leeway existed in
31、terms of idle men and machines.The United States balance of payments deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless, by any other test, the deficit remained very large, and there was actually a substantial deterioration in our trade account to a sizable deficit, almost two-thirds of which was with Japan. Wh
32、ile the overall trade performance proved disappointing, there are still good reasons for expecting the delayed impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of the Japanese component of our trade deficit, however, the outcome will depend im
33、portantly on the extent of the corrective measures undertaken by Japan. Also important will be our own efforts in the United States to fashion internal policies consistent with an improvement in our external balance.The underlying task of public policy for the year aheadand indeed for the longer run
34、remained a familiar one: to strike the right balance between encouraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures. With the economy showing sustained and vigorous growth, and with the currency crisis highlighting the need to improve our competitive posture internationally, the emp
35、hasis seemed to be shifting to the problem of inflation. The Phase Three program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large, however, the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economys larger run gro
36、wth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided.（分数：10.00）(1).The author mentions increased installment debt in the first paragraph in order to show _. A. the continuing expansion of the economy B. the growth of consumer purchasing power C. the consumersconfidence in the ec
37、onomy D. the soaring consumer incomes for spending（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 2 mainly deals with _. A. the revival of stronger liquidity positions B. the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies C. the causes of business development for the period D. economic policy measures suggested by the Pre
38、sident（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the third paragraph that the authors attitude toward the reduction of the international payments deficit seems _. A. bitter-sweet B. optimistic C. sympathetic D. depressing（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Part of the public policy task, as outlined in the text,
39、 is to _. A. prevent payments deficit B. avoid inflationary pressures C. devalue the dollar D. increase the balance of trade（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be learned from the last paragraph that the Phase Three program contained _. A. reduced government spending B. devaluation of the dollar C. producti
40、vity measures D. wage and price controls（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Shopping has always been something of an impulse activity, in which objects that catch our fancy while strolling are immediately bought on a whim. Advertisers and sellers have taken advantage of this fact, carefully positioning inexpensive but
41、 attractive items on paths that we are most likely to cross, hoping that our human nature will lead to a greater profit for them. With the dawn of the Internet and its exploding use across the world, the same tactics apply. Advertisers now place “banners“, links to commercial web sites decorated wit
42、h attractive pictures designed to catch our eyes while browsing the webs, on key web sites with heavy traffic. They pay top dollar for the right, thus creating profits for the hosting web site as well. These actions are performed in the hopes that during the course of our casual and leisurely web su
43、rfing, well click on that banner that sparks our interest and thus, in theory, buy the products advertised.Initial results have been positive. Web sites report a huge inflow of cash, both from the advertisers who tempt customers in with the banners and the hosting web sites, which are paid for allow
44、ing the banners to be put in place. As trust and confidence in Internet buying increases and information security is heightened with new technology, the volume of buying is increasing, leading to even greater profits.The current situation, however, is not quite as optimistic. Just as magazine reader
45、s tend to unconsciously ignore advertisements in their favorite periodicals, web browsers are beginning to allow banners to slip their notice as well. Internet users respond to the flood of banners by viewing them as annoyances, a negative image that is hurting sales, since users are now less reluct
46、ant to click on those banners, preferring not to support the system that puts them in place. If Internet advertising is to continue to be a viable and profitable business practice, new methods will need to be considered to reinvigorate the industry.With the recent depression in the technology sector
47、 and slowing economy, even new practices may not do the trick. As consumers are saving more and frequenting traditional real estate businesses over their Internet counterparts, the fate of Internet business is called into question. The coming years will be the only reliable indication of whether shopping on the worldwide web is the wave of the future or simply an impulse activity whose whim has passed.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be learned from the first paragraph that Internet advertising _. A. has taken the place of more traditional methods of advertising B. is one of the
