1、MBA 联考逻辑-63 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The molecules of carbon dioxide in the Earths atmosphere affect the heat balance of the Earth by acting as a one-way screen. (1) these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is
2、concerned, to pass (2) , they absorb some of the longer-wave-length, infrared emissions radiated from the Earths surface, radiation that would (3) be transmitted back into space. For the Earth to maintain a constant average temperature, such emissions from the planet must (4) incoming solar radiatio
3、n. If there were no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat would (5) from the Earth much more easily.Today, (6) , the potential problem is too much carbon dioxide. Could the increase in carbon dioxide (7) a global rise in average temperature, and could such a rise have serious (8) for human society?
4、 Mathematical models that allow us to calculate the rise in temperature as a function of the increase (9) ;that the (10) is probably yes.One mathematical model (11) that doubling the atmospheric carbon dioxide would raise the global mean surface temperature by 2.5. This model assumes that the atmosp
5、heres relative humidity remains constant and the temperature decreases with altitude at a (12) of 6.5 per kilometer. The assumption of constant relative humidity is important, because water vapor in the atmosphere is another (13) absorber or radiation at infrared wavelengths. Because warm air can ho
6、ld more (14) than cool air, the relative humidity will be constant (15) the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases (16) the temperature rises. (17) , more infrared radiation would be absorbed and reradiated (18) to the Earths surface. The resultant warming at the surface could be expected
7、 to melt snow and ice, (19) the Earths reflectivity. More solar radiation would be absorbed, (20) to a further increase in temperature.（分数：10.00）(1).A Whereas B If C Although D Because（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A for B down C by D through（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A otherwise B nevertheless C indeed D somewhat（
8、分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A assign B equalize C diffuse D prepare（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A avoid B escape C influence D prevent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A indeed B hence C anyway D however（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A cause B turn C make D leave（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A conquest B outcome C consequence D compromise.（分数：0.5
9、0）A.B.C.D.(9).A reflect B display C mark D indicate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A response B answer C reaction D solution（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A discovers B predicts C proves D confirms（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A pace B speed C ratio D rate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A competent B effective C efficient D sufficient（
10、分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A moisture B weight C dimension D compound（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A if only B as if C only if D even if（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A since B unless C for D as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A Likewise B Therefore C Instead D Moreover（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A back B off C on D in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19
11、).A contracting B condensing C reducing D intensifying（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A leading B coming C amounting D adding（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In most parts of the world, climate change is a worrying subject. Not so in California
12、. At a recent gathering of green luminariesin a film stars house, naturally, for that is how seriousness is often established in Los Angelesthe dominant note was self-satisfaction at what the state has already achieved. And perhaps nobody is more complacent than Arnold Schwarzenegger. Unlike A1 Gore
13、, a presidential candidate turned prophet of environmental doom, Californias governor sounds cheerful when talking about climate change. As well he might: it has made his political career.Although California has long been an environmentally-conscious state, until recently greens were concerned above
14、 all with smog and redwood trees. “Coast of Dreams“, Kevin Stags authoritative history of contemporary California, published in 2004, does not mention climate change. In that year, though, the newly-elected Mr. Schwarzenegger made his first tentative call for western states to seek alternatives to f
15、ossil fuels. Gradually he noticed that his efforts to tackle climate change met with less resistance, and more acclaim, than just about all his other policies. These days it can seem as though he works on nothing else.Mr. Schwarzeneggers transformation from screen warrior to eco-warrior was complete
16、d last year when he signed a bill imposing legally-enforceable limits on greenhousegas emissionsa first for America. Thanks mostly to its lack of coal and heavy industry, California is a relatively clean state. If it were a country it would be the worlds eighth-biggest economy, but only its 16th-big
17、gest polluter. Its big problem is transportmeaning, mostly, cars and trucks, which account for more than 40% of its greenhouse-gas emissions compared with 32% in America as a whole. The state wants to ratchet down emissions limits on new vehicles, beginning in 2009. Mr. Schwarzenegger has also order
18、ed that, by 2020, vehicle fuel must produce 10% less carbon: in the production as well as the burning, so a simple switch to corn-based ethanol is probably out.Thanks in part to California s example, most of the western states have adopted climate action plans. When it comes to setting emission targ
19、ets, the scene can resemble a posedown at a Mr. Olympia contest. Arizonas climate-change scholars decided to set a target of cutting the states emissions to 2000 levels by 2020. But Janet Napolitano, the governor, was determined not to be out-muscled by California. She has declared that Arizona will
20、 try to return to 2000 emission levels by 2012.California has not just inspired other states; it has created a vanguard that ought to be able to prod the federal government into stronger national standards than it would otherwise consider. But California is finding it easier to export its policies t
21、han to put them into practice at home. In one way, California s self-confidence is fully justified. It has done more than any other statelet alone the federal governmentto fix Americas attention on climate change. It has also made it seem as though the problem can be solved. Which is why failure wou
22、ld be such bad news. At the moment California is a beacon to other states. If it fails, it will become an excuse for inaction.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, Mr. Arnold Schwarzenegger is cheerful chiefly becauseA climate change is not worrying California anymore.B even film stars become serio
23、us about environmental protection.C he has benefited personally from Californias achievements.D his style of administration is always dominated by self-satisfaction.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why did Mr. Schwarzenegger seem to be working on nothing else?A Because California has always been environmentally
24、-conscious.B Because Kevin Starr failed to talk about climate change in his book.C Because his call for alternative fuels has been most strongly echoed.D Because all his other policies met with more acclaim than resistance.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Corn-based ethanol might not be chosen as an alternative
25、 becauseA carbon reduction in both fuel production and burning might be hard.B California also intends to cut down emissions from new vehicles.C it is almost impossible for vehicle fuel to produce 10% less carbon.D Californias corns are chiefly transported by cars and trucks.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Jan
26、et Napolitano is mentioned in the passage to show thatA Arizona is determined to out-muscle California.B female governors often set unrealistic goals.C Arizona will start a Mr. Olympia contest with California.D Californias actions have produced some positive effects.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be in
27、ferred from the text thatA California needs further actions to inspire other states.B California has set a perfect model for other states to follow.C California will become an excuse for inaction for other states.D California might find it difficult to execute its own policies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Tex
28、t 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods. Amazon. corn received one for its “one-click“ online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for liftin
29、g a box. Now the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit sai
30、d it would use particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a very big deal“, says Dernnis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of Law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents“. Curbs on business-method
31、claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings
32、, initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pints to specific types of online transactions. Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a c
33、ourt filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the
34、practice. The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the courts judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whe
35、ther it should “reconsider“ its State Street Bank ruling. The Federal Circuits action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example, the justices signaled that too many patents were being
36、upheld for “inventions“ that are obvious. The judges on the Federal Circuit are “reaction to the anti-patent trend at the supreme court“, says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School. （分数：10.00）(1).Business-method patents have recently aroused con
37、cern because of _. A their limited value to business B their connection with asset allocation C the possible restriction on their granting D the controversy over authorization（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is true of the Bilski case? A Its ruling complies with the court decisions. B It
38、involves a very big business transaction. C It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit. D It may change the legal practices in the U.S.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “about-face“ (Line 1, Para. 3) most probably means _. A loss of good will B increase of hostility C change of attitude D enhancement
39、of disunity（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents _. A are immune to legal challenges B are often unnecessarily issued C lower the esteem for patent holders D increase the incidence of risks（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following would be the subj
40、ect of the text? A A looming threat to business-method patents. B Protection for business-method patent holders. C A legal case regarding business-method patents. D A prevailing tread against business-method patents.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Current Group, a Germantown-based technolog
41、y firm, has taken over an ordinary looking house in Bethesda and turned it into a laboratory for smart-grid technology, the system the company believes will bring the nations electricity grids into the digital age.In the front yard stands a utility pole hooked up to a special transformer that connec
42、ts the power lines to high-speed Internet. Hundreds of sensors attached to the lines monitor how power flows through the home. That information is then sent back to the utility company.The process lets a utility more efficiently manage the distribution of electricity by allowing two-way communicatio
43、n between consumers and energy suppliers via the broadband network on the power lines. Based on data they receive from hundreds of homes, utilities can monitor usage and adjust output and pricing in response to demand. Consumers can be rewarded with reduced rates by cutting back on consumption durin
44、g peak periods. And computerized substations can talk to each other so overloaded circuits hand off electricity to those that have not fully loaded, helping to prevent blackouts.Some utility companies have launched initiatives to give consumers data about their energy consumption habits in an effort
45、 to lower energy bills. Smart-grid technology takes such programs further by automating electricity distribution, which would make grids more reliable and efficient.By partnering with utilities, the company hopes to tap into $4.5 billion in stimulus grants intended to encourage smart-grid developmen
46、t. When he announced the funding, President Obama pointed to a project in Boulder, Colo. , as an example of a successful smart-grid experiment. Current is one of the companies working on the project.Currents chief executive Tom Casey believes the technology will help utility companies better distrib
47、ute electricity produced by renewable resources, such as solar panels or wind farms. “ A smart grids system can be paired up with the renewable resources so that when the renewable source is varying, the overall load can be varied as well, “ Casey told the House Select Committee on Energy Independen
48、ce and Global Warming. “ This will reduce or eliminate the need for backup coal or gas-based power generation plants. /（分数：10.00）(1).For smart-grid technology to work, which of the following is a must?A The front yard of a house with a tall wooden pole.B A huge hook that can connect power lines together.C High-speed Internet access and Internet services.D Many monitors through which power flowing can be seen.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What benefit can the smart-grid technology bring?A Substations can talk to each other through computers.B The consumers and energy suppliers can have direct commun
