1、华东师范大学考博英语-试卷 1 及答案解析(总分：148.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.Research shows heavy coffee drinking is _ a small increase in blood pressure, but not enough to increase the risk for high blood pressure.（分数：2.00）A.associated withB.compared withC.attributed toD.referred to2.A large
2、_of the sunlight never reaches the earth while infra-red heat given off by the earth is allowed to escape freely.（分数：2.00）A.proportionB.ratioC.rateD.fraction3.It is amusing that she_her fathers bad temper as well as her mothers good looks.（分数：2.00）A.retainedB.inheritedC.preservedD.maintained4._the f
3、ew who have failed in their examination, all the other students in the hall are in very high spirits.（分数：2.00）A.In spite thatB.But forC.For the sake ofD.Apart from5.The decline in moral standards, which has long concerned social analysts, has at last_the attention of average Americans.（分数：2.00）A.cla
4、rifiedB.cultivatedC.capturedD.characterized6.That he brought the company big profits wouldnt_putting the companys money into his own pockets.（分数：2.00）A.justifyB.clarifyC.testifyD.amplify7.Were_50 new staff this year as business grows.（分数：2.00）A.taking overB.taking inC.taking onD.taking up8.Is the th
5、eory of evolution in direct _with religious teachings, or does it leave room for debate?（分数：2.00）A.comparisonB.distinctionC.disturbanceD.contradiction9.Libraries are an investment for the future and should not be allowed to fall into_.（分数：2.00）A.dissolutionB.decayC.declineD.depression10.A transplant
6、 operation is successful only if doctors can prevent the body from rejecting the _organ.（分数：2.00）A.borrowedB.strangeC.novelD.foreign11.Then in June 1967 the country_diplomatic relations with Israel after the outbreak of the Six Day War.（分数：2.00）A.broke awayB.broke offC.cut outD.cut down12.Everyone h
7、as faced the embarrassing_of deciding how much extra to give a waiter or taxi-driver.（分数：2.00）A.incidentB.eventC.dilemmaD.menace13.The school arranged road trip appears to_the spring break.（分数：2.00）A.conform toB.coincide withC.consist inD.collide with14.The new airport terminal is sure to_the develo
8、pment of tourism.（分数：2.00）A.imitateB.fascinateC.imposeD.facilitate15.The Huntington Library has an_collection of rare books and manuscripts of British and American history and literature.（分数：2.00）A.intensiveB.intentionalC.extensiveD.extensional16.Inflation will reach its highest in a decade across m
9、ost of Asia this year, threatening to_ recent productivity gains.（分数：2.00）A.reverseB.reserveC.retrieveD.revise17.Those governments will provide big food and fuel_according to the Asian Development Bank.（分数：2.00）A.substitutesB.substancesC.subsequencesD.subsidies18.In mild winters apple buds began to
10、break soon after Christmas, leaving them_to frost damage.（分数：2.00）A.reluctantB.toughC.hostileD.vulnerable19.What is happening is a survival-of-the-fittest struggle affecting _ smaller factories in relatively low-tech, labor-intensive industries.（分数：2.00）A.primarilyB.rationallyC.primitivelyD.respecti
11、vely20.A traditional critic has the advantage of being able to_standards and values inherited from the past.（分数：2.00）A.turn upB.turn overC.turn toD.turn in21.Susan never took any cookery courses; she learned cooking by _ useful tips from TV cookery programs.（分数：2.00）A.bringing upB.picking upC.puttin
12、g upD.pulling up22.The President_his deputy to act for him while he was abroad.（分数：2.00）A.promotedB.substitutedC.displacedD.authorized23.It_without saying that consumers would be happier if prices were lower.（分数：2.00）A.takesB.appearsC.goesD.makes24.The world economic recession put an_end to the stee
13、l market upturn that began in 2002.（分数：2.00）A.irregularB.illegalC.absurdD.abrupt25.Im_about how you discovered my website, and Im very glad if you enjoy it.（分数：2.00）A.mysteriousB.furiousC.curiousD.serious26.The Labor Partys electoral strategy, based on an_with other smaller parties, has proved succe
14、ssful.（分数：2.00）A.acquaintanceB.integrationC.intimacyD.alliance27.The new aircraft will be_to a test of temperatures of -65 and 120.（分数：2.00）A.suspendedB.suppressedC.subjectedD.summoned28.The money I got from teaching on the side was a useful_to my ordinary income.（分数：2.00）A.supplementB.profitC.subsi
15、dyD.replacement29.Chinese people are now enjoying better dental heath, as shown by the declining_ of tooth decay.（分数：2.00）A.incidenceB.treatmentC.consequenceD.misfortune30.Many countries have conservation programs to prevent certain _ of fish from becoming extinct.（分数：2.00）A.sourcesB.speciesC.number
16、sD.members二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Given the advantage of electronic money, you might think that we should move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically【C1】_, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been【C2】_for two decad
17、es but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon “revolutionize the very【C3】_of money itself,“ only to【C4】_itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so【C5】_in coming? Although electronic m
18、eans of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work【C6】_the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very【C7】_to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the【C8】_form of payment. Second,
19、paper checks have the advantage that they【C9】_receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to【C10】_. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of “float“ it takes several days【C11】_a check is cashed and funds are【C12】_from the issuers account, which means that the writer o
20、f the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime.【C13】_electronic payments are immediate; they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment may【C14】_security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a
21、 computer database and to alter information【C15】_there. The fact that this is not an【C16】_occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and【C17】_from someone elses accounts. The【C18】_of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field
22、 of computer science is developing to【C19】_security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic【C20】_that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, there
23、by violating our privacy.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.offB.backC.overD.around(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.powerB.conceptC.historyD.role(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.rewardB.resistC.resumeD.reverse(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.silentB.suddenC.slowD.steady(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.f
24、orB.againstC.withD.on(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.imaginativeB.expensiveC.sensitiveD.productive(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.similarB.originalC.temporaryD.dominant(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.collectB.provideC.copyD.print(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.give upB.take overC.bring backD.pass down(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.when(
25、12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.keptB.borrowedC.releasedD.withdrawn(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.UnlessB.UntilC.BecauseD.Though(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.hideB.expressC.raiseD.ease(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.analyzedB.sharedC.storedD.displayed(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.unsafeB.unnaturalC.uncommonD.unclear(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.stealB.choose
26、C.benefitD.return(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.considerationB.preventionC.manipulationD.justification(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.cope withB.fight againstC.adapt toD.call for(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.chunkB.chipC.pathD.trail三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：42.00)A particular area in which assumptions and values differ bet
27、ween cultures is that of friendship. Friendships among Americans tend to be shorter and less intense than those among people from many other cultures. At least many observers from abroad have this impression. Because Americans are taught to be self-reliant, because they live in a very mobile society
28、, and for many other reasons as well, they tend to avoid deep involvement with other people. Furthermore, Americans tend to “compartmentalize“ their friendships, having their “friends at work“ , “friends at school“ , a “tennis friend“ , and so on. Americans often seem very friendly, even when you fi
29、rst meet them. This friendliness does not usually mean that the American is looking for a deeper relationship. The result of these attitudes and behaviors is sometimes viewed by foreigner as an “inability to be friends“. Other times it is seen as a normal way to retain personal happiness in a mobile
30、, ever-changing society. People normally have in their minds stereotypes about people who are different from themselves. Stereotypes are based on limited and incomplete experience and information, but they shape peoples thoughts and expectations. Americans have many stereotypes about foreign student
31、s in general(for example, that they are very hard working, intelligent, and rich; that they do not speak English well)and about particular categories of foreign students(Chinese are polite and good at mathematics, for example, or Italians are emotional). And foreign students have their own stereotyp
32、es of Americans, for example, that they are arrogant, rude, and generous. There are two stereotypes that often effect male-female relationships involving U. S. and foreign students. The first is the idea, held by some foreign males, that American females are invariably willing, if not anxious, to ha
33、ve sex. The second common stereotype, held by some American females, is that male foreign students have no interest in American females other than having sex with them. The existence of these and other stereotypes can give rise to considerable misunderstanding and can block the development of a mutu
34、ally satisfactory relationship between particular individuals. Stereotypes seem unavoidable, given the way the human mind seeks to categorize and classify information, so it is not realistic to suppose people can “forget their stereotypes“. But they can be aware of their stereotypes, and be ready to
35、 find exceptions to them.（分数：10.00）(1).Concerning friendship, Americans_.（分数：2.00）A.look for a deeper relationship in a close circleB.avoid deep relationship with other peopleC.are friendly at first but do not remain so later onD.do not make good friends(2).The word “compartmentalize“ in the first p
36、aragraph means “ _“.（分数：2.00）A.separate in categoriesB.treat differentlyC.evaluate accordinglyD.judge fairly(3).The authors attitude toward the American type of friendship seems to be_.（分数：2.00）A.approvingB.criticalC.biasedD.objective(4).According to the author, stereotypes concerning male-female re
37、lationships involving U. S. and foreign students are_.（分数：2.00）A.helpfulB.meaning lessC.harmfulD.useless(5).According to the author, stereotypes seem unavoidable because_.（分数：2.00）A.it is natural to have themB.it is easy to find exceptionsC.they provide better understandingD.they contribute to frien
38、dshipYou may have wondered why the supermarkets are all the same. It is not because the companies that operate them lack imagination. It is because they all aim at persuading people to buy things. In the supermarket, it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping mode. This is why the area imm
39、ediately inside the entrance is known as the “ decompression zone“. People need to slow down and look around, even if they are regulars. In sales terms this area is bit of a loss, so it tends to be used more for promotion. Immediately inside the first thing shoppers may come to is the fresh fruit an
40、d vegetables section. For shoppers, this makes no sense. Fruit and vegetables can be easily damaged, so they should be bought at the end, not the beginning, of a shopping trip. But what is at work here? It turns out that selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping, and it makes people feel
41、less guilty about reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on. Shoppers already know that everyday items, like milk, are invariably placed towards the back of a store to provide more opportunities to tempt customers. But supermarkets know shoppers know this, so they use other tricks, like placing popu
42、lar items halfway along a section so that people have to walk all along the aisle looking for them. The idea is to boost “dwell time“ : the length of time people spend in a store. Traditionally retailers measure “football“ , as the number of people entering a store is known, but those numbers say no
43、thing about where people go and how long they spend there. But nowadays, a piece of technology can fill the gap: the mobile phone. Path Intelligence, a British company tracked peoples phones at Gunwharf Quays, a large retailer centre in Portsmouth not by monitoring calls, but by plotting the positio
44、ns of handsets as they transmit automatically to cellular networks. It found that when dwell time rose 1 $ sales rose 1. 3% . Such techniques are increasingly popular because of a deepening understanding about how shoppers make choices. People tell market researchers that they make rational decision
45、s about what to buy, considering things like price, selection or convenience. But subconscious forces, involving emotion and memories, are clearly also at work.（分数：10.00）(1).In Paragraph 2, “decompression zone“ is the area meant to_.（分数：2.00）A.prepare shoppers for the mood of buyingB.offer shoppers
46、a place to have a restC.encourage shoppers to try new productsD.provide shoppers with discount information(2).Putting fruit-and-vegetable section near the entrance takes advantage of shoppers _.（分数：2.00）A.common senseB.shopping habitsC.shopping psychologyD.concerns with time(3).Path intelligence use
47、s a technology to_.（分数：2.00）A.measure how long people stay at a storeB.count how many people enter a storeC.find out what people buy in a storeD.monitor what people say and do in a store(4).The author argues that shoppers_.（分数：2.00）A.exert more influence on stores than they imagineB.are more likely
48、to make rational choices than they knowC.have more control over what they buy than they assumeD.tend to make more emotional decisions than they think(5).The best title for the passage is_.（分数：2.00）A.New Technology Boosts Stores SalesB.How Shoppers Make Choices in StoresC.The Science behind Stores ArrangementsD.Rational and Irrational Ways of Shopping31.In the past, degrees were very unusual in my family. I remember the day my uncle graduated. We had a huge party, and for many years my mother called him “the genius“ and listened to his opinion. Today in comparison, five of
