1、考博英语-615 及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：27.00)1.Exercise cart affect our outlook on life, and it can also help us get rid of tension, anxiety and frustration. So we should take exercise _.A. regularly B. normally C. usually D. constantly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The taxi _ in front
2、of a girl, just in time to avoid a serious accident.A. turned in B. pulled up C. cleared up D. dropped in（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Perhaps it wouldnt be _ to go and see such a film.A worthy you while B worth of while C worthy of while D worth your while（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.Ms. Rice, with customary class, sim
3、ply expressed hope that this episode wouldnt _ the charity in spite of the previous scandal.A. taint B. enhance C. sprain D. sponsor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Had the explosion broken out, the passengers in the plane should have been killed, for it was_ timed with the planes take-off.A. spontaneously B. ins
4、tantaneouslyC. simultaneously D. conscientiously（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.With all his experience abroad he was a major asset to the company.A. candidate B. applicant C. manger D. resource（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many _ referenc
5、es.A obscure B acute C notable D objective（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.8.Bone and ivory are light, strong, and accessible materials for Inuit artists.A. distinctive B. economical C. available D. optional（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Most insulation devices of this kind, _ manufactured for such purposes, are extremely expe
6、nsive to install.A. that are B. which is C. those are D. as are（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.There is no doubt that the _ of these goods to the others is easy to see.A. prestige B. superiority C. priority D. publicity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.As a salesman, he works on a _ basis, taking 10% of everything he sells.A
7、. revenue B. commission C. salary D. pension（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The discrepancy in the company accounts is so _ that no auditor could have failed to notice it.A. spontaneous B. conspicuous C. notorious D. superfluous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The prices quoted above do not include any taxes and levies _ up
8、on the personnel by the government of the project-host country.A. imposed B. imported C. improved D. impressed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.14.The last guests to reach the hotel_ at 12 o clock at night.A. checked out B. checked up C. checked in D. checked on（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Mary Robinson has been formally _ a
9、s Irelands first woman president.A. sworn in B. told off C. spelt out D. picked up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.The amending Treaty on European Union can become law only if there is _ agreement to this effect.A. overall B. unified C. overwhelming D. unanimous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.Born of the same parents, he be
10、ars no_his brothers.A. traits with B. resemblances toC. personalities between D. characters among（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.EDUCATE :CHILDA. cultivate: crop B. quench: fire C. secure: possession D. care: doctor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Much _ I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her for thoroughnes
11、s, whatever the job.A. when B. more C. farther D. as（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.It was so (disgusted), and (somewhat hazardous), (not to mention) a huge hassle and (monetary expense).A. disgusted B. somewhat hazardous C. not to mention D. monetary expense（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.The company used so much coal tha
12、t it has a train to _ the delivery process.A. transmit B. transport C. facilitate D. diminish（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.22.He got home two hours late and said he had been _ in the office by business.A. detached B. detained C. obstructed D. obsessed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.23.Rock climbing is so popular now that many
13、people are able to _ the steepest face with great agility.A. scale B. surpass C. overcome D. mount（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.I would like to get another table like this one, but the company that made it is out of _.A. order B. business C. practice D. style（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.I would have gone to the lectur
14、e with you _ I was so busy.A. except that B. provided thatC. but that D, only that（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.Her own interests as a mother (brought into play) by her (concern over) the education and welfare of her children, the city (in which) they lived, (and such) municipal facilities as playgrounds, sch
15、ools and parks.A. brought into play B. concern over C. in which D. and such（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.It turned out that he had _ the whole story just to cheat his friends.A. dissipated B. divergedC. detached D. fabricated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.In 1986 the country initiated restrictions on the use of pesticid
16、es.A. instituted B. constituted C. prosecuted D. distributed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.There is a high job mobility among young people as they will _ work one day and find a new job the next.A. depart B. reject C. quit D. leave（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.The English language contains a(n) _ of words which are comp
17、aratively seldom used in ordinary conversation.A. altitude B. latitude C. multitude D. attitude（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：2，分数：29.00)Despite so many auspicious indicators, the America depicted in political and intellectual debate is invariably a place we sh
18、ould be building starships to flee. To the left, the United States remains a land of racial repression, corporate oligarchy, and environmental decay; to the right, a country where all things pure are collapsing. Such views hold considerable sway. Whitmans The Optimism Gap reports that 1996 polls sho
19、wed that only 15 percent of Americans believe the country is getting better. In similar polls, about half said the nation is worse off compared to how it was when their parents were growing up, and 60 percent believed the United States in which their children dwell will be worse still. Though most A
20、mericans are today healthier, better housed, better fed, better paid, better educated, better defended, more free, and diverted by a cornucopia of new entertainment products and services, somehow theyve managed to convince themselves their parents had it better during the Dust Bowl.As Robert Samuels
21、on noted in his skillful book, the revolution of rising expectations has taken on a life of its own: “There can never be enough prosperity.“ Polls now suggest that, regardless of how much money an American has, he or she believes that twice as much is required. Samuelson further contends that one re
22、ason for all the unfocused anxiety is that the media have gotten so much better at emphasizing things to worry about. Tropical storms that might hit the United States get more network coverage than any favorable turn of events.Television crime coverage, especially, now seems itched to cause civic fr
23、ight, while movies and network entertainment programming depict violence as far more pervasive than it actually is. As Christopher Jencks, a professor of government at Harvard University. Notes: “When I was growing up there was violence on TV, but it was cowboys having shootouts. I never worried tha
24、t rustlers world come over the hill into my neighborhood. Now the violence on television is presented as if its about to get you personally. Every screen you look, at home or in theaters, has something disastrous on it. No wonder people think the country is out of control.“Conservative thinkers and
25、politicians seem distressed by the contemporary milieu in part because Americans are more or less willingly adopting gender equality and cultural openness, including a culture in which minority writing and art are being admitted to the canon. The political and academic left cant stand the contempora
26、ry milieu in part because class war, economic breakdown, and environmental calamity seem less and less likely. “The left elites talk with obsessive negativism about the religious right because its one of the few things they can find to still get upset about,“ notes Orlando Patterson of Harvard. “The
27、 right elite is similarly obsessive about the supposed culture war, when all the evidence is that the United States is becoming ever more tolerant and ever more at peace with diversity./（分数：4.00）(1).The sentence “Such views hold considerable sway“ implies that _.A. US is a country with racial repres
28、sion but without corporate oligarchyB. US is a country with corporate oligarchy and environmental decayC. different positions are varying frequentlyD. different Standpoints are constantly found（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The phrase “a cornucopia of“ (paragraph 1) means _.A. a sort of B. a variety of C. a d
29、uplication of D. A consumption of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In the authors opinion, _.A. The prevailing Television crimes have frightened peopleB. The Television crimes have different social sourcesC. The violence on TV is often based on cowboys shootoutD. TV watching makes people think the country is und
30、er control（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be concluded from the last paragraph that _.A. there can always be enough prosperity in USB. there may hardly be enough prosperity in USC. US is becoming more at peace with diversityD. US is both tolerating and benefiting its diversity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Five clone
31、d piglets, genetically modified so that their organs are much less likely to be rejected by a human donor recipient, have been born in the US.More than 62000 people in the US alone are waiting to receive donated hearts, lungs, livers, kidneys and pancreases. The number of human donors falls far shor
32、t of demand. Pig organs are of a similar size to human organs, and some scientists hope they might be used to help meet the shortfall. But previous attempts to transplant unaltered pig tissue into humans have failed, due to immune rejection of the tissue.The five piglets, born on Christmas Day, lack
33、 a gene for an enzyme that adds a sugar to the surface of pig ceils. The sugar would trigger a patients immune system into launching an immediate attack.“This advance provides a near-time solution for overcoming the shortage of human organs for transplants, as well as insulin-producing cells to cure
34、 diabetes,“ says David Ayares, vice president of research at PPL Therapeutics, US division, where the pigs were created. “This is the key gene for overcoming the early stage of rejection. “However, scientists warn that much more work is necessary before organs from copies of the pigs could be transp
35、lanted into humans. Human genes will need to be added, to prevent rejection of the organ in the long-term. There are also concerns that pig viruses could infect organ recipients.Cloning techniques were vital to the production of the pigs. Genes can only be knocked out in a single cell. Cloning of th
36、ese single cells then allowed the creation of a whole animal in which the gene was knocked out in every cell. But the PPL researchers have succeeded in knocking out only one copy of the gene for the enzyme, called alpha 1, 3 galactosyl transferase, The team will now attempt to knock out both copies
37、of the gene.“There will also be other genes we will incorporate into our program,“ Ayares says. “We dont think that one gene is going to produce an organ thats going to be the end-all for transplantation. Were going to have to add two to three human genes as well. “The team will also conduct tests t
38、o investigate whether so-called porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVS) from the pigs could infect human cells in culture. But Ayares hopes that organs created from PPL pigs could be transplanted into patients within five years.“But although a lot of the stem cell work is very exciting, were still v
39、ery far off being able to grow an organ in a culture dish,“ says Julia Greenstein of Immerge Bio Therapeutics in Charlestown, US, who is working on creating similar knock-out pigs with researchers at the University of Missouri.（分数：25.00）(1).The scientists want to transplant the pigs organ for the fo
40、llowing reasons except that _.A. the number of human organ donors are far from enoughB. pig organs are almost as large as human organsC. the transplant of gene-altered pig organs causes no immune rejectionD. pig organs viruses will not infect human body（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The five piglets will not
41、cause immune rejection because _.A. they are cloned pigsB. they dont have sugarC. they lack a geneD. they have a human gene（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why cloning techniques were vital to the production of the pigs?A. Cloning techniques can change a lot of genes.B. Cloning techniques can get rid of viruses
42、 from pig organs.C. Cloning techniques can create a whole animal free from certain gene.D. Cloning techniques can grow an organ in a culture dish.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the word culture mean in “could infect human cells in culture“ ?A. Intellectual and artistic activity, and the works produc
43、ed by it.B. The growing of microorganisms, tissue cells, or other living matter in a specially prepared nutrient medium.C. The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, etc.D. Enlightenment resulting from such training or education.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which one of the follo
44、wing is not the PPL Therapeutics future object?A. To knock out one copy of the gene for the enzyme.B. To study more genes in their program.C. To test whether a virus from the pigs could infect human cells.D. To transplant organs created from PPL pigs into patients（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1
45、，分数：6.00)Researchers have studied the poor as individuals, as families and households, as members of poor communities, neighborhoods and regions, as products of larger poverty-creating structures. They have been analyzed as victims of crime and criminals, as members of minority cultures, as passive
46、consumers of mass culture and active producers of a “counterculture“, as an economic burden and as a reserve army of laborto mention just some of the preoccupations of poverty research.The elites, who occupy the small upper stratum within the category of the non-poor, and their functions in the emer
47、gence and reproduction of poverty are as interesting and important an object for poverty research as the poor themselves. The elites have images of the poor and of poverty which shape their decisions and actions. So far, little is known about those images, except as they are sketchily portrayed in p
48、opular stereotypes. The elites may well ignore or deny the external effects of their own actions(and omissions) upon the living conditions of the poor. Many social scientists may take a very different view. As poverty emerged and was reproduced, legal frameworks were created to contain the problems
49、it caused with profound, and largely unknown, consequences for the poor themselves. In general, political, educational and social institutions tend to ignore or even damage the interests of the poor. In constructing a physical infrastructure for transport, industry, trade and tourism, the settlements of the poor are often the first to suffer or to be left standing and exposed to pollution, noise and cro
