1、考博英语-616 及答案解析(总分：91.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：29，分数：25.50)1.She was so obstinate that she wouldn t adjust her opinions.A. inflexible B. alert C. wise D. talented（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Despite the end of the Cold War, defense and civil industrial interests in “small“ science are_.A as stronger
2、 as before B as powerful as is expectedC as strong as ever D as more powerful as expected（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Modern nursing practices not only hasten the recovery of the sick but also promote better health through preventive medicine.A. permit B. accelerate C. determine D. accompany（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4
3、.Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the U.S. President when many businesses were _during the Great Depression.Afailing Bincorporating Cbuying stocks Dexpanding（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5.Criticism without suggesting areas of improvement is not_and should be avoided if possible.A. constructive B. productive C. des
4、criptive D. relative（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.When he realized he had been _ to sign the contract by intrigue, he threatened to start legal proceedings to cancel the agreement.A elicited B excited C deduced D induced（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.7.His office is _ to the Presidents; it usually takes him about three minu
5、tes to get there.A. related B. adhesive C. adherent D. adjacent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Not only the _ are fooled by propaganda; we can all be misled if we are not wary.A. ignorant B. gullible C. uncultured D. rude（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Categories, we found, (must be seen) (in) their conceptual context, again
6、st the background of larger cognitive models, and it is obvious that these models will, (to) some point, have to include (sequencing) in time.A. must be seen B. in C. to D. sequencing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Now researchers are directing more attention to the social and cultural impetus that propelled un
7、iversity graduates into careers in management.A. implication B. propagandaC. impulse D. refuted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The airline _ me for the amount they had overcharged me.A. bartered B. remitted C. reinstated D. reimbursed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.It is impossible for parents to shield their children from
8、 every danger.A. protect B. relieve C. conserve D. free（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.I want to talk about all these points in _ order of importance.A. declining B. descending C. plunging D. falling（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.After _ on a merry-go-round, she started to feel dizzy and had to lie down.A. to have ridden
9、B. redden C. riding D. to ride（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Not until the 1980s _ in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.A. some concerned citizensB. some concerning citizensC. did some concerning citizensD. did some concerned citizens（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.When I found the
10、 light switch, the unshaded bulb only illuminated two small cats, sitting on the table_round the inside of the empty ham tin.A. swallowing B. gorging C. licking D. digesting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.Walking is Britains most popular outdoor _ and is the most pleasant and satisfying way of discovering the c
11、ountryside.A. pastime B. recreation C. entertainment D. pursuit（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.18.All the music instruments in the orchestra will be _ before it starts.A. civilized B. chattered C. chambered D. chorded（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.A good deal of the _ for his achievement in this field must go to his supervis
12、or, Professor Fang.A. credit B. reputation C. respect D. praise（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.When he applied for a _ in the office of the local newspaper he was told to see the manager.A location B profession C career D position（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.21.She felt a bit _ in the autumn air so she went in to fetch a c
13、oat.A. chilly B. fresh C. shivering D. cool（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.It is a contradiction that in such a rich country there should be so many poor people.A. pageant B. patronage C. paradox D. pendulum（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.David _ his companys success to the unity of all the staff and their persevering hard
14、 work.A) attributed B) contributed C) acknowledged D) pledged（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.The medieval church condemned mans partaking in _ pleasures.A. educational B. ascetic C. asexual D. sensual（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.25.Now the juries, and ultimately the society they speak for, have to find some way to express
15、_ at the brutality that women and children face every day.A. aggression B. extenuation C. outrage D. suppression（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.Skippers must make a report to customs either in person or by telephone, if they have any duty-free goods on board, or are carrying prohibited goods including animals _
16、 their port of departure.A. with regard to B. ignorant of C. resistant to D. irrespective of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.27.He is often inclined to _ in other peoples affairs, which is none of his business.A. manipulated B. lumberedC. meddle D. littered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.These pollutants can be _ hundreds and
17、even thousands of kilometers by large air masses.A. contained B. conveyed C. contaminated D. conserved（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.If we say something is _ , we mean that we find it extremely pleasant or enjoyable.A. gracious B. gloomy C. gigantic D. gorgeous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.0
18、0)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Traffic statistics paint a gloomy picture. To help solve their traffic woes, some rapidly growing U.S. cities have simply built more roads. But traffic experts say building more roads is a quick-fix solution that will not alleviated the traffic problem in the long nm. S
19、oaring land costs, increasing concern over social and environmental disruptions caused by road-building, and the likelihood that more roads can only lead to more cars and traffic are powerful factors bearing down on a 1950s-style construction program.The goal of smart-highway technology is to make t
20、raffic systems work at optimum efficiency by treating the road and the vehicles traveling on them as an integral transportation system. Proponents of the advanced technology say electronic detection systems, closed-circuit television, radio communication, ramp metering, variable message signing, and
21、 other smart-highway technology can now be used at a reasonable cost to improve communication between drivers and the people who monitor traffic.Pathfinder, a Santa Monica, California-based smart-highway project in which a 14-mile stretch of the Santa Monica Freeway, making up what is called a “smar
22、t corridor“, is being instrumented with buried loops in the pavement. Closed-circuit television cameras survey the flow of traffic, while communication linked to property equipped automobiles advise motorists of the least congested routes or detours.Not all traffic experts, however, look to smart-hi
23、ghway technology as the ultimate solution to traffic gridlock. Some say the high-tech approach is limited and can only offer temporary solutions to a serious problem.“Electronics on the highway addresses just one aspect of the problem: how to regulate traffic more efficiently,“ explains Michael Renn
24、er, senior researcher at the world-watch Institute. “It doesnt deal with the central problem of too many cars for roads that can t be built fast enough. It sends people the wrong message. They start thinking “Yes, there used to be a traffic congestion problem, but thats been solved now because we ha
25、ve, advanced high-tech system in place.“ Larson agrees and adds, “Smart highways is just one of the tools that we use to deal with our traffic problems. It snot the solution itself, just pan of the package. There are different strategies.“Other traffic problem-solving options being studied and exper
26、imented with include car pooling, rapid mass-transit systems, staggered or flexible work hours, and road pricing, a system whereby motorists pay a certain amount for the time they use a highway.It seems that we need a new, major thrust to deal with the traffic problems of the next 20 years. There ha
27、s to be a big change.（分数：6.00）(1).What is the appropriate title for the passage?A. Smart Highway Projects The Ultimate Solution to Traffic Congestion.B. A Quick Fix Solution for the Traffic Problems.C. A Venture to Remedy Traffic Woes.D. Highways Get SmartPart of the Package to Relieve Traffic Gridl
28、ock.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).The compound word “quick-fix“ in Paragraph 1, sentence 3 is closest in meaning to _.A. an optional solution B. an expedient solutionC. a ready solution D. an efficient solution（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, the smart-highway technology is aimed to _.A. develo
29、p sophisticated facilities on the interstate highwaysB. provide passenger vehicle with a variety of servicesC. optimize the highway capabilitiesD. improve communication between driver and the traffic monitors（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Larson, to redress the traffic problem, _.A. car pooling m
30、ust be studiedB. rapid mass transit system must be introducedC. flexible work hours must be experimentedD. overall strategies must be coordinated（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following best describes the organization of the whole passage?A. Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.B. A p
31、roblem is examined and complementary solutions are proposed or offered.C. Latest developments are outlined in order of importance.D. An innovation is explained with its importance emphasized.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In the human species individuals are equipped with fewer instinc
32、ts than is the case in many nonhuman species. And, as already noted, they are born cultureless. Therefore, an infant Homo sapiens must learn a very great deal and acquire a vast number of conditioned reflexes and habit patterns in order to live effectively, not only in society but in a particular ki
33、nd of sociocultural system, be it Tibetan, Eskimo, or French. This process, taken as a whole, is called socialization (occasionally, enculturation)the making of a social being out of one that was at birth wholly individualistic and egoistic.Education in its broadest sense may properly be regarded as
34、 the process by which the culture of a sociocultural system is impressed or imposed upon the plastic, receptive infant. It is this process that makes continuity of culture possible. Education, formal and informal, is the specific means of socialization. By informal education is meant the way a child
35、 learns to adapt his behaviour to that of others, to be like others, to become a member of a group. By formal education is meant the intentional and more or less systematic effort to affect the behaviour of others by transmitting elements of culture to them, be it knowledge or belief, patterns of be
36、haviour, or ideals and values. These attempts may be overt or covert. The teacher may make his purpose apparent, even emphatic, to the learner. But much education is effected in an unobtrusive way, without teacher or learner being aware that culture is being transmitted. Thus, in myths and tales, ce
37、rtain characters are presented as heroes or villains, certain traits are extolled, others are deplored or denounced. The impressionable child acquires ideals and values, an image of the good or the bad.The growing child is immersed in the fountain of informal education constantly, the formal educati
38、on tends to be periodic. Many sociocultural systems distinguish rather sharply a series of stages in the education and development of full-fledged men and women. First there is infancy, during which perhaps the most profound and enduring influences of a persons life are brought to bear. Weaning ushe
39、rs in a new stage, that of childhood, during which boys and girls become distinguished from each other. Puberty rites transform children into men and women. These rites vary enormously in emphasis and content. Sometimes they include whipping, isolation, scarification, or circumcision. Very often the
40、 ritual is accompanied by explicit instruction in the mythology and lore of the tribe and in ethical codes. Such rituals as confirmation and Bar Mitzvahin modern Western culture belong to the category of puberty rites.With marriage come instruction and admonition, appropriate to the occasion, from e
41、ider relatives and, in more advanced cultures, from priests. In some sociocuhural systems men may become members of associations or sodalities: mens clubs, warrior societies, secret societies of magic or medicine. In some cases it is said that in passing through initiation rites a person is “born ag
42、ain.“ Women also may belong to sodalities, and in some instances they may become members of secret, magical societies along with men. （分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following statements about puberty rites is NOT true according to this passage?A. The emphasis and content of puberty rites vary considerabl
43、y.B. Puberty rites inevitably impose the most profound and enduring influences on an individuals life.C. Puberty rites may include circumcision and Bar Mitzvah.D. Puberty rites may include the instruction in ethical codes.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The passage is mainly about_.A. formal and informal educa
44、tionB. education and cultureC. human socializationD. the definition of education（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following statements about the role myths and mythologies play in socialization is TRUE?A. They sometimes are involved in the puberty rituals to distinguish the men and women.B. Individu
45、als can obtain knowledge and belief from them without their being aware of it.C. They will play a most essential role when individuals enter marriage.D. They are the most profound and enduring influence in individuals life as they help children to distinguish the good the bad.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Wh
46、ich of the following statements can be inferred from Paragraph 1?A. The human species is inferior to many nonhuman species in some significant aspects.B. Human beings are social animals.C. Without socialization, an individual cannot expect to live effectively in a particular kind of sociocuhural sys
47、tem.D. Human beings are born cultureless because they have fewer instincts than many nonhuman species.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In the authors opinion,_.A. the continuity of culture is made possible mainly by formal educationB. an infant is immersed in a particular sociocultural system ever since it is b
48、ornC. both formal and informal education can help a child learn how to live effectively in a given SocietyD. it is formal education that plays a major role in helping a child acquire ideals and values（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Three(总题数：2，分数：10.00)By far the most common difficulty in study is simple
49、 failure to get down to regular concentrated work. This difficulty is much greater for those who do not work to a plan and have no regular routine of study. Many students muddle along, doing a hit of this subject or that, as the mood takes them, or letting their set work pile up until the last possible moment.Few students work to a set time-table. They say that if they did construct a timetable for themsel
