1、考博英语-92 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Internet is a vast network of computers that connects many of the world“s businesses, institutions, and individuals. The internet, which means interconnected network of networks, links tens of thousands o
2、f smaller computer networks. These networks transmit huge amounts of information in the form of words, images, and sounds. The Internet was information on virtually every topic. Network users can search through sources ranging from vast databases to small electronic “bulletin boards“, where users fo
3、rm discussion groups around common interests. Much of the Internet“s traffic consists of messages sent from one computer user to another. These messages are called electronic mail or e-mail. Internet users have electronic addresses that allow them to send and receive e-mail. Other uses of the networ
4、k include obtaining news, joining electronic debates, and playing electronic games. One feature of the Internet, known as the World Wide Web, provides graphics, audio, and video to enhance the information in its documents. These documents cover a vast number of topics. People usually access the Inte
5、rnet with a device called a modem. Modems connect computers to the network through telephone lines. Much of the Internet operates through worldwide telephone networks of fiber optic cables. These cables contain hair thin strands of glass that carry data as pulses of light. They can transmit thousand
6、s of times more data than local phone lines, most of which consist of copper wires. The history of the Internet began in the 1960s. At that time, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense developed a network of computers called ARPAnet. Originally, ARPAn
7、et connected only military and government computer systems. Its purpose was to make these systems secure in the event of a disaster or war. Soon after the creation of ARPAnet, universities and other institutions developed their own computer networks. These networks eventually were merged with ARPAne
8、t to form the Internet. By the 1990s, anyone with a computer, modem, and Internet software could link up to the Internet. In the future, the Internet will probably grow more sophisticated as computer technology becomes more powerful. Many experts believe the Internet may become part of a larger netw
9、ork called the information superhighway. This network, still under development, would link computers with telephone companies, cable television stations, and other communication systems. People could bank, shop, watch TV, and perform many other activities through the network.（分数：25.00）(1).This passa
10、ge is about the _ of the Internet.（分数：6.25）A.futureB.general introductionC.useD.history(2).Which of the following statements about the Internet is true?（分数：6.25）A.ARPA was the first net used by American universities and institutions.B.The history of the Internet can be traced back to fifty years ago
11、.C.The purpose of the Internet is to protect the world in the event of war.D.ARPAnet formed the foundation of the Internet nowadays.(3).The Internet enables people to do all the following things EXCEPT _.（分数：6.25）A.sending emailB.obtaining newsC.exchanging modemD.internet related chat (IRC)(4).Accor
12、ding to the last paragraph, in the future _.（分数：6.25）A.it may be hard to predict the development of the InternetB.the Internet will become an indispensable superhighwayC.the Internet will be applied moreD.the Internet will combine cable stations三、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Sex prejudices are based on and
13、 justified by the ideology that biology is destiny. According to this ideology, basic biological and psychological differences exist between the sexes. These differences require each sex to play a separate role in social life. Women are the weaker sex both physically and emotionally. Thus, they are
14、naturally suited, much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties. A woman“s place, under normal circumstances, is within the protective environment of the home. Nature has determined that women play caretaker roles, such as wife and mother and homemaker. On the other hand，men are best
15、suited to go out into the competitive world of work and politics, where serious responsibilities must be taken on. Men are to be the providers; women and children are “dependents“. The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside the household should naturally fill these jobs that are in
16、line with the special capabilities of their sex. It is thus appropriate for women, not men, to be employed as nurses, social workers, elementary school teachers, household helpers, and clerks and secretaries. These positions are simply an extension of women“s domestic role. Informal distinctions bet
17、ween “women“s work“ and “men“s work“ in the labor force, according to the ideology, are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between the sexes. Finally, the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant way. For the human species to survive over time, it
18、s members must regularly reproduce. Thus, women must, whether at home or in the labor force, make the most of their physical appearance. So goes the ideology. It is, of course, not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex-defined roles in so
19、cial life. There is ample evidence that sex roles vary from society to society, and those role differences that to exist are largely learned. But to the degree people actually believe that biology is destiny and that nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society, sex-d
20、efined roles will be seen as totally acceptable.（分数：25.00）(1).Women“s place, some people think, is within the protective environment of the home because _.（分数：6.25）A.women can provide better care for the childrenB.women are too weak to do any agricultural work at allC.women are biologically suited t
21、o domestic jobsD.women can not compete with men in any field(2).According to the author, sex roles _.（分数：6.25）A.are socially determinedB.are emotionally and physically determinedC.can only be determined by what education people takeD.are biologically and psychologically determined(3).The author poin
22、ts out that the assignments of women“s roles in work _.（分数：6.25）A.are determined by what they are better suited toB.row out of their position inside the homeC.reflect a basic difference between men and womenD.are suitable to them, but not to men(4).Which of the following is NOT true according to the
23、 passage?（分数：6.25）A.The division of sex-defined roles is completely unacceptable.B.Women“s roles in work are too limited at present.C.In one society, men might perform what is considered women“s duties by another.D.Some of the women“s roles in domestic duties can not be taken over by men.四、Text 3(总题
24、数：1，分数：25.00)In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protectionism referred only to trade restricting and trade expanding devices, such as the tariff or export subsidy. The new protectionism is much broader than this;
25、it includes interventions into foreign trade but is not limited to them. The new protectionism, in fact, refers to how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects international trade. The emphasis on trade is still there, thus came the term “protection“. But what is new is
26、the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations. The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist, or welfare economy over the market economy. Jab Tumiler writes, “The old protectionism.coexis
27、ted, without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism. Indeed, protectionists as well as (if not more than) free traders stood for laissez faire. Now, as in the 1930s, protectionism is an expressi
28、on of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies satisfaction.“ It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism. In a market economy, economic change of various colors implies redistr
29、ibution of resources and incomes. The same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper. Therefore, the government intervenes to bring about a more desired result. The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe. In Sweden, Norway, F
30、inland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal. In Great Britain this is only somewhat less true. Government traditionally has played a very active role in economic life in France and continued to do so. Only West
31、Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western Europe. It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy. The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Europe. Social security, unemployment insurance, mi
32、nimum wage laws, and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on the American scene.（分数：25.00）(1).This passage is primarily concerned with discussing _.（分数：6.25）A.the definition of the new protectionismB.the difference between new and old protectionismC.the emergence of the new pro
33、tectionism in the Western worldD.the significance of the welfare state(2).Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of a welfare state mentioned in this passage?（分数：6.25）A.Free education is available to a child.B.Laws are made to fix the minimum wage.C.A jobless person can be insured
34、.D.There are regulations for rent.(3).Which of the following inferences is true, according to this passage?（分数：6.25）A.The economy developed faster in welfare states than in non-welfare states.B.In the 1930s, protectionism began to rise.C.The new protectionism is so called mainly because it is the la
35、test.D.Government plays a more active role in economic life in Northern Europe than in Great Britain.(4).The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?（分数：6.25）A.When did the new protectionism arise?B.Why is the new protectionism so popular in northern European coun
36、tries?C.Does the American government play a more active role in economic life than the British government?D.Why does the government intervene in economic life?五、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：25.00)It has been argued that where schools become bureaucratized, they become bound up with the techniques and implementat
37、ion of the managerial process, and may concentrate on concern with position and self-advancement. In so doing, they may neglect the purpose for which they were set up. Thus, they do not facilitate the development of those who are part of the school community, and tend to neglect the desires of child
38、ren，parents and society at large. It is because of such criticisms that there has been an increasing influence in political rhetoric and legislation of free-market theories of organization and society. Such theories suggest that a much more market-oriented, competitive approach is required so that s
39、chools reorient themselves towards their “clients“. By so doing, it is claimed, not only do they once again address the needs of those with whom they should be primarily concerned, but such an approach also unleashes the benefits of individual responsibility, freedom of choice，and reward. Though muc
40、h of this sounds attractive, it has its roots as much in an economic body of thought as in social and political theory, and this must raise the question of whether it can be viably transferred to an educational context. Indeed, if by “educational“ we mean the development of all within the school com
41、munity, then free-market theory may miss the mark by concentrating on only one section, “the consumers“. If teachers are seen as part of this community, then their development is just as important. If bureaucratic forms of management face the problem of explaining how their values can be objective w
42、hen they are in fact the product of a particular value orientation, the forms of management derived from free-market theories, suggesting an openness to the adoption of different sets of values, are subject to the charge of relativism. In other words, free-market theories, granted that they are argu
43、ing that individuals should be allowed to pursue their own ends, must explain why any set of values, including their own, is preferable to another.（分数：25.00）(1).According to the author, criticism of schools arises from _.（分数：5.00）A.concerns that schools deliberately neglect studentsB.the high cost o
44、f education due to bureaucracyC.a perception of them as self-serving and bureaucraticD.a misunderstanding of schools officials(2).The “school community“ (Line 4 Para. 4) the author refers to would probably include _.（分数：5.00）A.studentsB.students and parentsC.students, parents and teachersD.teachers
45、and students(3).The transfer of free market ideas to the schools may fail because _.（分数：5.00）A.schools have no real clientsB.they concentrate only on the consumer and do not include teachersC.schools are totally different from the free marketD.they have no solid purpose in their aims(4).According to
46、 the text, criticism of free market solutions in education arise from the fact that _.（分数：5.00）A.they do not explain why their set of values are better than othersB.their values are too subjectiveC.their values are too different from those within an educational contextD.the educational context is no
47、t a free market(5).The “charge of relativism“ mentioned in the last paragraph is meant to show _.（分数：5.00）A.the values are too narrow-mindedB.the values are not specific enoughC.the values are too self-servingD.the values are not strongly held考博英语-92 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(
48、总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Internet is a vast network of computers that connects many of the world“s businesses, institutions, and individuals. The internet, which means interconnected network of networks, links tens of thousands of smaller computer networks. These networks transmit huge
49、amounts of information in the form of words, images, and sounds. The Internet was information on virtually every topic. Network users can search through sources ranging from vast databases to small electronic “bulletin boards“, where users form discussion groups around common interests. Much of the Internet“s traffic consists of messages sent from one computer user to another. These messages are called electronic mail or e-mail. Internet users have electronic addresses that allow them to send and receive e-mail. Other uses of the netw
