1、考博英语-试卷 269 及答案解析(总分：122.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.The ships generator broke down, and the pumps had to be operated_instead of mechanically.（分数：2.00）A.manuallyB.artificiallyC.automaticallyD.synthetically2.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play_ r
2、oles in raising children.（分数：2.00）A.incapableB.indispensableC.insensibleD.infinite3.What experience do you have that is_to this position?（分数：2.00）A.concerningB.dependentC.connectingD.relevant4.A man_escaped death when a fire broke out in his home on Sunday morning.（分数：2.00）A.narrowlyB.onlyC.quiteD.s
3、eldom5.The price increase has had no_effect on sales.（分数：2.00）A.susceptibleB.invisibleC.perceptiveD.perceptible6.Mass production is_only in an economy with a highly developed technology.（分数：2.00）A.feasibleB.permissibleC.allowableD.receivable7.Those nations that interfere in the internal affairs of a
4、nother nation should be _condemned.（分数：2.00）A.commonlyB.actuallyC.uniquelyD.universally8.The government has decided to reduce a(n)_on all imports.（分数：2.00）A.feeB.chargeC.tariffD.expenditure9.The newly-elected president is determined to_the established policy of developing agriculture.（分数：2.00）A.go f
5、orB.go onC.go byD.go up10.As always, I had to fight the_to take what she willingly offered.（分数：2.00）A.fascinationB.attractionC.attentionD.temptation11.The thief tried to open the locked door but_.（分数：2.00）A.in no wayB.in vainC.without effectD.at a loss12.This crop does not do well in soils_the one f
6、or which it has been specially developed.（分数：2.00）A.outsideB.other thanC.beyondD.rather than13.“You are very selfish. Its high time you_that you are not the most important person in the world,“ Edgar said to his boss angrily.（分数：2.00）A.realizedB.have realizedC.realizeD.should realize14.These two are
7、as are similar_they both have a high rainfall during this season.（分数：2.00）A.to thatB.besides thatC.in thatD.except that15.The tomato juice left brown_on the front of my jacket.（分数：2.00）A.spotB.pointC.trackD.trace16.Operations which left patients_and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave
8、 them feeling relaxed and comfortable.（分数：2.00）A.exhaustedB.abandonedC.injuredD.deserted17.I was halfway back to the cottage where my mother lived_Susan caught up with me.（分数：2.00）A.whenB.whileC.untilD.though18._the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldnt go on with the experiment.（分数：2.00）A.Sinc
9、eB.ForC.AsD.With19.The bed has been_in the family. It was my great grandmothers originally.（分数：2.00）A.handed outB.handed overC.handed downD.handed round20.Im very sorry to have_you with so many questions on such an occasion.（分数：2.00）A.interferedB.offendedC.impressedD.bothered二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：30.00)H
10、uman beings are animals. We breathe, eat and digest, and reproduce the same life【C1】_common to all animals. In a biological laboratory rats, monkeys, and humans seem very much the same. However, biological understanding is not enough:【C2】_itself, it can never tell us what human beings are.【C3】_to ou
11、r physical equipment the naked human bodywe are not an【C4】_animal. We are tropical creatures,【C5】_hairless and sensitive to cold. We are not fast and have neither claws nor sharp teeth to defend ourselves. We need a lot of food but have almost no physical equipment to help us get it. In the purely p
12、hysical【C6】_, our species seems a poor【C7】_for survival. But we have survivedsurvived and multiplied and【C8】_the earth. Some day we will have a【C9】_living on the moon, a place with neither air nor water and with temperatures that turn gases into solids. How can we have done all these things? Part of
13、 the answer is physical.【C10】_its limitations, our physical equipment has some important【C11】_. We have excellent vision and hands that can【C12】_objects with a precision unmatched by any other【C13】_. Most importantly, we have a large brain with an almost【C14】_number of neural【C15】_（分数：30.00）(1).【C1】
14、（分数：2.00）A.processesB.actsC.modesD.procedures(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.OnB.WithC.ForD.By(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.StrippedB.ParedC.PeeledD.Removed(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.intelligentB.impressiveC.influentialD.incentive(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.barelyB.hardlyC.nearlyD.scarcely(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.meaningB.judgementC.perspectiveD
15、.sense(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.betB.chanceC.factD.luck(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.filledB.loadedC.stuffedD.scattered(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.residenceB.colonyC.homeD.empire(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.Apart fromB.With regard toC.With the exception ofD.In spite of(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.abilitiesB.potentialsC.capabilitiesD.possibil
16、ities(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.maneuverB.manageC.manipulateD.manufacture(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.animalB.animalsC.creaturesD.creature(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.infiniteB.unknownC.boundlessD.ceaseless(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.connectionsB.relationsC.activitiesD.accesses三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)The journal S
17、cience is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many pub
18、lished research findings. “Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,“ writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a Statistics Board of Reviewing Editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagge
19、d up for additional scrutiny by the journals internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts. Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The
20、 creation of the statistics board was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Sciences overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish. “ Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School
21、 of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role. “ He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through th
22、e publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science. “ John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward“ and “long overdue. “ “Most journals a
23、re weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,“ he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine , the Journal o
24、f the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review. Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve th
25、eir standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process. “ Vaux says that Sciences idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board
26、 of reviewing editors to identify the papers that need scrutiny in the first place. “（分数：10.00）(1).It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that_.（分数：2.00）A.Science intends to simplify their peer-review processB.journals are strengthening their statistical checksC.few journals are blamed for mistakes in d
27、ata analysisD.lack of data analysis is common in research projects(2).The phrase “flagged up“(Para. 2)is the closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.foundB.markedC.revisedD.stored(3).Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may_.（分数：2.00）A.pose a threat to all its peersB.meet with
28、strong oppositionC.increase Sciences circulationD.set an example for other journals(4).David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now_.（分数：2.00）A.adds to researchers workloadB.diminishes the role of reviewersC.has room for further improvementD.is to fail in the foreseeable future(5).Which of the fo
29、llowing is the best title of the text?（分数：2.00）A.Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB.Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC.Data Analysis Finds Its Way Onto Editors DesksD.Statisticians Are Coming Back With ScienceDepending on your age and memory, it was a week of radically
30、new or reassuringly old developments in the advertising industry. To Mark Zuckerberg, the boss of Facebook, a popular social-networking website, it was the former. Standing in front of about 250 mostly middle-aged advertising executives on November 6th, he announced that Facebook was offering them a
31、 new deal. “For the last hundred years media has been pushed out to people,“ he said, “but now marketers are going to be a part of the conversation. “ Using his firms new approach, he claimed, advertisers will be able to piggyback on the “social actions“ of Facebook users, since “people influence pe
32、ople. “ Mr. Zuckerbergs underlying idea is hardly new. But, says Randall Rothenberg, the boss of the Interactive Advertising Bureau, a trade association, the announcements this week by Facebook and its larger rival, My Space, which has a similar ad system, could amount to a big step forward in conve
33、rsational marketing. If new technologies that are explicitly based on social interactions prove effective, he thinks, they might advance web advertising to its fourth phase. From the point of view of marketers, the existing types of online ads already represent breakthroughs. In search, they can now
34、 target consumers who express interest in a particular product or service by typing a keyword; they pay only when a consumer responds, by clicking on their ads. In display, they can track and measure how their ads are viewed and whether a consumer is paying attention better than they ever could with
35、 television ads. Yet now the holy grail of observing and even participating in consumers conversations appears within reach. The first step for brands to socialize with consumers is to start profile pages on social networks and then accept “friend requests“ from individuals. On My Space, brands have
36、 been doing this for a while. For instance, Warner Bros, a Hollywood studio, had a My Space page for “300“, its film about Spartan warriors. It signed up some 200,000 friends, who watched trailers, talked the film up before its release, and counted down toward its DVD release. Facebook, from this we
37、ek, also lets brands create their own pages. Coca-Cola, for instance, has a Sprite page and a “Sprite Sips“ game that lets users play with a little animated character on their own pages. Facebook makes this a social act by automatically informing the players friends, via tiny “news feed“ alerts, of
38、the fun in progress. Thus, at least in theory, a Sprite “experience“ can travel through an entire group, just as Messrs Lazarsfeld and Katz once described in the offline world. In many cases, Facebook users can also treat brands pages like those of other friends, by adding reviews, photos or comment
39、s, say. Each of these actions might again be communicated instantly to the news feeds of their clique. Obviously this is a double-edged sword, since they can just as easily criticize a brand as praise it. Facebook even plans to monitor and use actions beyond its own site to place them in a social co
40、ntext. If, for instance, a Facebook user makes a purchase at Fandango, a website that sells cinema tickets, this information again shows up on the news feeds of his friends on Facebook, who might decide to come along. If he buys a book or shirt on another site, then this implicit recommendation pops
41、 up too.（分数：10.00）(1).The fourth phase of web advertising is_.（分数：2.00）A.creating brands own pages on social-networking websitesB.the strategy of conversational marketingC.on-line advertising through various meansD.interactive advertising(2).The new advertising model makes breakthrough in_.（分数：2.00）
42、A.allowing marketers to find consumers with a keywordB.providing marketers access to measure their ads effectivenessC.encouraging consumers to have more communication and interactionD.endow marketer with the right of creating their own pages(3).The case of Warner Bros implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.My Spa
43、ce is having a step further than FacebookB.the “friend request“ approach is effectiveC.some initial steps of the new advertising model have been takenD.this kind of advertising model fits the film industry(4).About Facebook, which one of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.It has reached con
44、sensus with My Space to push forward the new advertising model.B.It is marching into a new phase of advertising industry with its expertise.C.It will make full use of the social actions of its users in the new advertising model.D.It offers customized service to commercial organizations to facilitate
45、 their success.(5).Facebooks principle of “people influence people“ is best reflected in its_.（分数：2.00）A.special pages for famous brands like Coca-ColaB.Sprit Sips game on the Sprite pageC.tiny alerts of news feedsD.profile pages and “friends request“ to socialize peopleBefore high school teacher Ki
46、mberly Rugh got down to business at the start of a recent school week, she joked with her students about how shed had to clean cake out of the corners of her house after her 2-year-old sons birthday party. This friendly combination of chitchat took place not in front of a blackboard but in an E-mail
47、 message that Rugh sent to the 145 students shes teaching at the Florida Virtual School, one of the nations leading online high schools. The schools motto is “any time, any place, any path, any pace“. Floridas E-school attracts many students who need flexible scheduling, from young tennis stars and
48、young musicians to brothers Tobias and Tyler Heeb, who take turns working on the computer while helping out with their familys clam-farming business on Pine Island, off Floridas southwest coast. Home-schoolers also are well represented. Most students live in Florida, but 55 hail from West Virginia,
49、where a severe teacher shortage makes it hard for many students to take advanced classes. Seven kids from Texas and four from Shanghai round out the student body. The great majority of Florida Virtual Schoolers80 percent are enrolled in regular Florida public or private high schools. Some are busy overachievers. Others are retaking classes they bare
