1、南京大学考博英语-3 及答案解析(总分：72.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.Not until Kentucky“s Mammoth Cave had been completely explored in 1972_.（分数：1.00）A.when was its full extent realizedB.that its full extent realizedC.was its full extent realizedD.the realimtion of its ful
2、l extent2.You don“t object _ you by your first name, do you?（分数：1.00）A.that I callB.for callingC.that I am callingD.to my calling3.The new administration will adopt a policy of laissez-faire toward industry.（分数：1.00）A.encouragementB.limitationC.noninterferenceD.interference4._ initial recognition wh
3、ile still quite young.（分数：1.00）A.Most famous scientists achievedB.That most famous scientists schievedC.Most famous scientists who achievedD.For most famous scientists to achieve5.The Sydney express was _ for two hours by the sudden storm.（分数：1.00）A.held downB.held withC.held outD.held up6._ three t
4、imes in a row, the boxer decided to give up fighting.（分数：1.00）A.Because having been defeatedB.Because being defeatedC.Having been defeatedD.Having defeated7.Until she was 11 years old, Elizabeth Barrett Browning was confined to her home by her tyrannical father.（分数：1.00）A.constrictedB.drawnC.tiedD.r
5、estricted8.Your analogy was not a good one because the two situations are not similar.（分数：1.00）A.comparisonB.categorizationC.classificationD.cognition9.Human population growth is a menace to nonhuman life forms on our planet.（分数：1.00）A.hindranceB.misfortuneC.catastropheD.threat10.Even after ten year
6、s her name conjures up such beautiful memories.（分数：1.00）A.covers upB.revealsC.brings to mindD.makes up三、Part B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.Dams vary (in size) (from small rock barriers to) concrete structures (many feet) (height). A. in size B. from small rock barriers to C. many feet D. height （分数：1.00）12.D
7、.W. Griffith, (directing) and producing his own silent movies, (achieving) great popularity (and was) a pioneer of (modern) cinema. A. directing B. achieving C. and was D. modern （分数：1.00）13.School counselors (are convinced) that it will be obligatory that everyone (must have) (some computer trainin
8、g) in order to (enter) the job market. A. are convinced B. must have C. some computer training D. enter （分数：1.00）14.Crustaceans, (alike) insects, are invertebrate animals (that) (possess) external (skeletons). A. alike B. that C. possess D. skeletons （分数：1.00）15.(Even) (a one-minute) delay will dest
9、roy (arrangements of) the meeting if you don“t schedule your time (well). A. Even B. a one-minute C. arrangements of D. well （分数：1.00）16.The immune system (protects) the body (by) recognizing and destroying (abnormally) or foreign cells, as well as (providing) antibodies to fight bacteria. A. protec
10、ts B. by C. abnormally D. providing （分数：1.00）17.A pacifist is a person (with) a deeply (hold) belief (in solving) disputes only (via) peaceful means. A. with B. hold C. in solving D. via （分数：1.00）18.(The age of) a geological sample can (be estimated) from the ratio of radioactive to nonradioaetive c
11、arbon (present) in the object (is examined). A. The age of B. be estimated C. present D. is examined （分数：1.00）19.(After having studied) (so hard) for more than two months, he (felt confidently) of (success). A. After having studied B. so hard C. felt confidently D. success （分数：1.00）20.The ozone laye
12、r (must be protected) because (it) shields the Earth (from) excessive ultra-vilolet (radiations). A. must protected B. it C. from D. radiations （分数：1.00）四、Part Reading Compr(总题数：5，分数：44.00)The growth of cell-phone users in the U.S. has tapered off from the breakneck pace of 50% annually in the late
13、1990s to what analysts project will be a 15% to 20% rise in 2002, and no more than that in 2003. To some extent, numerous surveys have found, slower growth in demand reflects consumer disillusionment with just about every aspect of cell-phone serviceits reliability, quality, and notorious customer s
14、ervice. The cooling off in demand threatens to cascade through the industry: The big four U.S. cell-phone cardersVerizon Wireless, Cingular Wireless, AT Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is ori
15、ginal. Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley, and people were aware of famine before Swift. It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression, the satire method, that made the
16、m interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions. With spo
17、ntaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous combination, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude. Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because the readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent re
18、minder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is
19、hypocritical, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity. Intelligent people know these things but te
20、nd to forget them when they do not hear them expressed.（分数：8.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：2.00）A.Difficulties of writing satiric literatureB.Popular topics of satireC.New philosophies emerging from satiric literatureD.Reasons for the popularity of satire(2).Why does the author men
21、tion Don Quixote, Brave New World and A Modest proposal in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.They are famous examples of satiric literatureB.They present commonsense solutions to problemsC.They are appropriate for readers of all agesD.They are books with similar stories(3).Which of the following can be
22、 found in satiric literature?（分数：2.00）A.Newly emerging philosophiesB.Odd combination of objects and ideasC.Abstract discussion of morals and ethicsD.Wholesome characters who are unselfish(4).According to the passage, there is a need for satire because people need to be_（分数：2.00）A.informed about new
23、scientific developmentB.exposed to original philosophies when they are formulatedC.reminded that popular ideas are often inaccurateD.told how they can be of service to their communitiesOne reaction to all the concern about tropical deforestation is a blank stare that asks the question, “Since I don“
24、t live in the tropics, what does it have to do with me?“ The answer is that your way of life, wherever you live in the world, is tied to the tropics in many ways. If you live in a house, wash your hair, eat fruit and vegetables, drink soda, or drive a car, you can be certain that you are affected by
25、 the loss of tropical forests. Biologically, we are losing the richest regions on earth when, each minute, a piece of tropical forest the size of ten city blocks vanishes. As many as five million species of plants, animals and insects, 40 to 50 percent of all living things, live there, and are being
26、 irrevocably lost faster than they can be found and described. Their loss is incalculable. Take medicine, for example. Fewer than one percent of tropical forest plants have been examined for their chemical compounds. Nonetheless, scientists have integrated a wealth of important plants into our every
27、day lives. The West African Calabar bean is used to treat glaucoma, while the sankerfoot plant of India yields reserpine, essential for treating hypertension. A West African vine provides the basis for stroplantus, a heart medicine. Quinine, an alkaloid derived from boiling the bark of the cinchona
28、tree, is used to prevent and treat malaria. In fact, of the 3 000 plants in the world known to contain anti-cancer properties, 2100 are from the tropical rain forest. Then there is rubber. For many uses, only natural rubber from trees will do, synthetics are not good enough. Today, over half of the
29、world“s commercial rubber is produced in Malaysia and Indonesia, while the Amazon“s rubber industry produces much of the world“s four million tons. Adding ammonia to rubber produces latex which is used for surgical gloves, balloons, adhesives, and foam rubber. Latex, plus a weak mixture of acid resu
30、lts in sheet rubber used for footwear and many sporting goods. Literally thousands of tropical plants are valuable for their industrial uses. Many provide fiber and canes for furniture, soundproofing and insulation. Palm oil, a product of the tropics, brings to your table margarine, cooking oil, bak
31、ery products, and candles. The sap from Amazonian copaila trees, poured straight into a fuel tank, can power a truck. At present, 20 percent of Brazil“s diesel fuel comes from this tree. An expanded use of this might reduce our dependency on irreplaceable fossil fuels. Many scientists assert that de
32、forestation contributes to the greenhouse effect. As we destroy forest, we lose their ability to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. Carbon dioxide level could double within the next half-century warming the earth by as much as 4.5 degrees. The result? A partial meltdown of the polar ice caps, raisi
33、ng sea levels as much as 24 feet. A rise of 15 feet would threaten anyone living within 35 miles of the coast. Far-fetched? Perhaps, but scientists warn that by the time we realize the severe effects of tropical deforestation, it will be 20 years too late. Can tropical deforestation affect our every
34、day lives? We only have to look at the catalogued tropical forests and the abundance of wondrous products from which we benefit every day to know the answer. After all, the next discovery could be a cure for cancer or the common cold, or the answer to feeding the hungry, or fuelling our world for ce
35、nturies to come.（分数：8.00）(1).According to the passage, tropical deforestation_（分数：2.00）A.will continue relentlessly and cannot be preventedB.is more serious in Amazon area than in other parts of the worldC.may have critical consequences for the survival of mankindD.could have been exaggerated by env
36、ironmental scientists(2).It can be inferred from the passage that tropical forests_（分数：2.00）A.are a potential source of cures for some incurable diseasesB.as a region have the lowest incidence of life threatening diseasesC.are of the most intense interest to medical and chemical scientistsD.as a reg
37、ion produce about one percent of modem medicines(3).Which statement best expresses the main idea of the article?（分数：2.00）A.Many different kinds of medicine come from tropical forestsB.Virtually all of the world“s rain forests call for our protectionC.Deforestation has both medical and environmental
38、consequencesD.Tropical deforestation affects people in all parts of the world(4).Which of the following ways the author may NOT agree as a means to ease off the problem ot deforestation?（分数：2.00）A.To bring the problem to the attention of governments worldwideB.To replace some species with those more
39、 valuable onesC.To increase funding for researches on the species in the rain forestD.To advance the technology that processes rubber and tree sapIs language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experim
40、ent of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good
41、mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is inse
42、nsitive to the signals of the infant whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process
43、is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like so
44、unds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1 000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar
45、. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man“s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear“. And even more incredible
46、 is the young brain“s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes t
47、he signals in the child“s babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child“s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and d
48、evelopment of language.（分数：8.00）(1).The purpose of Frederick II“s experiment was_（分数：2.00）A.to prove that children are born with the ability to speakB.to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speechC.to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child
49、to speakD.to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language(2).The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that_（分数：2.00）A.they are incapable of learning language rapidlyB.they are exposed to too much language at onceC.their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speakD.their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them(3).Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The faculty of speech is inborn in manB.Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in
