1、南京大学考博英语-4 及答案解析(总分：64.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：9，分数：9.00)1.Your analogy was not a good one because the two situations are not similar.（分数：1.00）A.comparisonB.categorizationC.classificationD.cognition2.Scientific evidence from different disciplines demonstrates that
2、in most humans the left half of the brain controls language.（分数：1.00）A.fields of studyB.groups of expertsC.seminarsD.regulations3.Even after ten years her name conjures up such beautiful memories.（分数：1.00）A.covers upB.revealsC.brings to mindD.makes up4.Human population growth is a menace to nonhuman
3、 life forms on our planet.（分数：1.00）A.hindranceB.misfortuneC.catastropheD.threat5._ initial recognition while still quite young.（分数：1.00）A.Most famous scientists achievedB.That most famous scientists schievedC.Most famous scientists who achievedD.For most famous scientists to achieve6.The Chisos Moun
4、tains in Big Bend National Park in Texas were created by volcanic eruptions that occurred _.（分数：1.00）A.the area in which dinosaurs roamedB.when dinosaurs roamed the areaC.did dinosaurs roam the areaD.dinosaurs roaming the area7._ three times in a row, the boxer decided to give up fighting.（分数：1.00）A
5、.Because having been defeatedB.Because being defeatedC.Having been defeatedD.Having defeated8.At no time should we be _ by success.（分数：1.00）A.carried offB.carried awayC.carried downD.carried out9.The family was too obstinate to evacuate the house when the flood began.（分数：1.00）A.scaredB.stubbornC.sec
6、ureD.cautious三、Part B(总题数：9，分数：9.00)10.(After having studied) (so hard) for more than two months, he (felt confidently) of (success). A. After having studied B. so hard C. felt confidently D. success （分数：1.00）11.Dams vary (in size) (from small rock barriers to) concrete structures (many feet) (heigh
7、t). A. in size B. from small rock barriers to C. many feet D. height （分数：1.00）12.Public health experts say that (the) money one spends (avoiding) illness is (less) than the cost (to be) sick. A. the B. avoiding C. less D. to be （分数：1.00）13.(Depictions) of animals and hunting scenes (can found) (in)
8、the prehistoric cave paintings of (nearly every) continent. A. Depictions B. can found C. in D. nearly every （分数：1.00）14.D.W. Griffith, (directing) and producing his own silent movies, (achieving) great popularity (and was) a pioneer of (modern) cinema. A. directing B. achieving C. and was D. modern
9、 （分数：1.00）15.The ozone layer (must be protected) because (it) shields the Earth (from) excessive ultra-vilolet (radiations). A. must protected B. it C. from D. radiations （分数：1.00）16.(After having studied) (so hard) for more than two months, he (felt confidently) of (success). A. After having studie
10、d B. so hard C. felt confidently D. success （分数：1.00）17.(Even) (a one-minute) delay will destroy (arrangements of) the meeting if you don“t schedule your time (well). A. Even B. a one-minute C. arrangements of D. well （分数：1.00）18.No one (care about) if he (appears) at the meeting next year or not. I
11、f (it happens) he will (be made to) apologize for his careless comments. A. care about B. appears C. it happens D. be made （分数：1.00）四、Part Reading Compr(总题数：5，分数：37.00)With human footprints on the moon, radio telescopes listening for messages from alien creatures who may or may not exist, technician
12、s looking for celestial and planetary sources of energy to support our civilization, orbiting telescopes“ data hinting at planetary systems around other stars, and political groups trying to figure our how to save humanity from nuclear warfare that would damage life and eliminate on a planet-wide sc
13、ale, an astronomy book published today enters a world different from the one that greeted books a generation age. Astronomy has broadened to involve our basic circumstances and our mysterious future in the universe. With eclipses and space missions broadcast live, and with NASA, Europe, and Russia p
14、lanning and building permanent space stations, astronomy offers adventure for all people, an outward exploratory thrust may one day be seen as an alternative to mindless consumerism, ideological bickering, and wars to control dwindling resources on a closed, finite Earth. Today“s astronomy students
15、not only seek an up-to-date summary of astronomical facts: they ask, as people have asked for ages, about our basic relations to the rest of the universe. They may study astronomy partly to seek points of contact between science and other human endeavors, philosophy, history, politics, environmental
16、 action, even the arts and religion. Science fiction writers and special effect artists on recent films help today“s students realize that unseen worlds of space are real places-not abstract concepts. Today“s students are citizens of a more real, more vast cosmos than conceptualized by students of a
17、 decade age. In designing this edition, the Wadsworh editors and I have tried to respond to these developments. Rather than jumping at the start into murky waters of cosmology, I have begun with the viewpoint of ancient people on Earth and worked outward across the universe. This method of organizat
18、ion automatically (if loosely) reflects the order of humanity“s discoveries about astronomy and provides a unifying theme of increasing distance and scale.（分数：8.00）(1).What does the author imply about the “mindless consumerism, ideological bickering, and wars to control dwindling resources“ at the e
19、nd of paragraph 1 ?（分数：2.00）A.He doubts that they will attract the younger generation in the futureB.He expects that the more worthy space adventures will replace themC.He assumes that they are as difficult to solve as the astronomy issuesD.He believes that space adventures are more thought-provokin
20、g than them(2).The author“s purpose in presenting the first paragraph is_（分数：2.00）A.to explain the changed background and new features of today“s astronomyB.to inform of the most up to date achievements in the astronomy researchC.to introduce the importance of astronomy to the world developmentD.to
21、arouse interest in modern astronomy among his readers(3).The author believes that today“s astronomy students_（分数：2.00）A.may have less interest in the astronomical factsB.are much brighter than students of a generation agoC.are less concerned with problems faced on the earthD.may learn more about man
22、 through the study of astronomy(4).The expression “these developments“ (in the last paragraph) refers to all of the following EXCEPT_（分数：2.00）A.the world-wide involvement in space explorationB.human new achievements in the field of astronomyC.the development of science fiction and special effects of
23、 filmsD.the new concepts about the universe acquired by today“s studentsAsk an American schoolchild what he or she is learning in school these days and you might even get a reply, provided you ask it in Spanish. But don“t bother, here“s the answer: Americans nowadays are not learning any of the thin
24、gs that we learned in our day, like reading and writing. Apparently these are considered fusty old subjects, invented by white males to oppress women and minorities. What are they learning? In a Vermont college town I found the answer sitting in a toy store book rack, next to typical kids“ books lik
25、e “Heather Has Two Mommies and Daddy Is Dysfunctional.“ It“s a teacher“s guide called “Happy To Be Me“, subtitled “Building Self-Esteem.“ Self-esteem, as it turns out, is a big subject in American classrooms. Many American schools see building it as important as teaching reading and writing. They ca
26、ll it “whole language“ teaching borrowing terminology from the granola people to compete in the education marketplace. No one ever spent a moment building my self-esteem when ! was in school. In fact, from the day I first stepped inside a classroom my self-esteem was one big demolition site. All tha
27、t mattered was “the subject,“ be it geography, history, or mathematics. I was praised when I remembered that “near“, “fit“, “friendly“, “pleasing“, “like“ and their opposites took the dative case in Latin. I was reviled when I forgot what a cosine was good for. Generally I lived my school years bene
28、ath a torrent of castigation so consistent I eventually ceased to hear it, as people who live near the sea eventually stop hearing the waves. Schools have changed. Reviling is out. For one thing more important, subjects have changed. Whereas I learned English, modem kids learn something called “lang
29、uage skills“. Whereas I learned writing, modem kids learn something called “communication“. Communication, the book tells us, is seven per cent words, 23 per cent facial expression, 20 per cent tone of voice, and 50 per cent body language. So this column, with its carefully chosen words, would earn
30、me at most a grade of seven per cent. That is, if the school even gave out something as oppressive and demanding as grades. The result is that, in place of English classes, American children are getting a course in How to Win Friends and Influence People. Consider the new attitude toward journal wri
31、ting: I remember one high school English class when we were required to keep a journal. The idea was to emulate those great writers who confided in diaries searching their souls and honing their critical thinking on paper. “Happy To Be Me“ states that journals are a great way for students to get in
32、touch with their feelings. Tell students they can write one sentence or a whole page. Reassure them that no one, not even you, will read what they write. After the unit, hopefully all students will be feeling good about themselves and will want to share some of their entries with the class. There wa
33、s a time when no self-respecting book for English teachers would use “great“ or “hopefully“ that way. Moreover, back then the purpose of English courses (an antique term for “unit“) was not to help students “feel good about themselves,“ which is good, because all that reviling didn“t make me feel pa
34、rticularly good about anything.（分数：8.00）(1).which of the following does the writer imply in paragraph 5 (starting with “Schools have changed.“)?（分数：2.00）A.Self-criticism has gone too farB.Communication is a more comprehensive category than language skillsC.Evaluating criteria are inappropriate nowad
35、aysD.This column does not meet the demanding evaluating criteria of today(2).Which of the following does the writer suggest in this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Grades should not be used to discourage studentsB.Reviling does not inevitably result in low self-esteemC.School subjects are treated more seriously
36、todayD.Kids nowadays are encouraged to be self-critical(3).How would you describe the writer“s attitude towards the new idea about journal writing?（分数：2.00）A.ApprovingB.IndifferentC.SarcasticD.Curious(4).The writer“s intention in writing the passage is to_（分数：2.00）A.criticize the lowering educationa
37、l requirements on kids todayB.introduce the educational reforms in the past generationC.make a comparison of the old curriculum and the new oneD.commend the progress achieved in school educationExtraordinary creativity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is establishe
38、d and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it
39、is applied to the arts, even though it maybe valid for the sciences. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and the end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. The goat of hi
40、ghly creative art is very different; the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeare“s Hamlet is not a piece of writing about the indecisive princes or the uses of political power; not is Picasso“s painting Guernica primarily a prepositional statement about the Span
41、ish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits
42、of an existing form, rather than transcend that form. This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle in the history of an artistic field. But whether or not a work of art establishes a new principle in the history of art has little bearing on its aesthetic wo
43、rth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, although it has been said of Bee
44、thoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention, a close study of his compositions reveals that he overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits-the rules, forms and conventions that he inherited from Hayden
45、and Mozart Handel and Bach - in strikingly original ways.（分数：8.00）(1).The main purpose of this passage is to_（分数：2.00）A.explore the source of scientific creativityB.illustrate the importance of creativity in scientific and artistic activitiesC.prove that highly creative artistic activity is not alwa
46、ys a revolutionary actD.disprove that a political revolution is essential for the release of people“s creative power(2).Which of the following best describes the organizational pattern of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.A question followed by a list of possible answers to the questionB.A generalization foll
47、owed by specific instances as its illustrationC.An argument followed by a refutationD.A formulation followed by evidence in support of it(3).The author mentions the operas of the Florentine Camerata because_（分数：2.00）A.they reflect the birth of a new musical formB.they can be considered as peers of B
48、eethoven“ worksC.they tell of a period of human historyD.they are of great aesthetic value(4).It is implied in the passage that_（分数：2.00）A.Beethoven conformed to some musical traditionB.all people agree in their interpretation of BeethovenC.Beethoven had been taught by Mozart Hayden Handel and BachD
49、.it is hard to make a comparison between Beethoven and his predecessorsIn a recent book entitled The Psychic Life of Insects, Professor Bouvier says that we must be careful not to credit the little winged fellows with intelligence when they behave in what seems like an intelligent manner. They may be only reacting. I would like to confront the professor with an instance of reasoning power on the part of an insect which cannot be explained away in any other manner. During the summer of 1899, while I was at work on my doctoral thesis,
