1、考研英语(一)-10 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Although there are many skillful Braille readers, thousands of other blind people find it difficult to learn that system. They are thereby shut (1) from the world of books and newspapers, having to (2) on friends to read aloud
2、 to them.A young scientist named Raymond Kurzweil has now designed a computer which is a major (3) in providing aid to the (4) .His machine, Cyclops, has a camera that (5) any page, interprets the print into sounds, and then delivers them orally in a robot-like (6) through a speaker. By pressing the
3、 appropriate buttons (7) Cyclopss keyboard, a blind person can “read“ any (8) document in the English language.This remarkable invention represents a tremendous (9) forward in the education of the handicapped. At present, Cyclops costs $ 50,000. (10) , Mr. Kurzweil and his associates are preparing a
4、 smaller (11) improved version that will sell (12) less than half that price. Within a few years, Kurzweil (13) the price range will be low enough for every school and library to (14) one. Michael Hingson, Director of the National Federation for the Blind, hopes that (15) will be able to buy home (1
5、6) of Cyclops for the price of a good television set.Mr. Hingsons organization purchased five machines and is now testing them in Maryland, Colorado, Iowa, California, and New York. Blind people have been (17) in those tests, making lots of (18) suggestions to the engineers who helped to produce Cyc
6、lops.“This is the first time that blind people have ever done individual studies (19) a product was put on the market,“ Hingson said. “Most manufacturers believed that having the blind help the blind was like telling disabled people to teach other disabled people. In that (20) , the manufacturers ha
7、ve been the blind ones. /（分数：10.00）A.upB.downC.inD.offA.dwellB.relyC.pressD.urgeA.executionB.distinctionC.breakthroughD.processA.paralyzedB.uneducatedC.invisibleD.sightlessA.scansB.enlargesC.sketchesD.projectsA.behaviorB.expressionC.movementD.voiceA.onB.atC.inD.fromA.visualB.printedC.virtualD.spoken
8、A.strideB.trailC.haulD.footprintA.LikewiseB.MoreoverC.HoweverD.ThoughA.butB.thanC.orD.thenA.onB.forC.throughD.toA.estimatesB.considersC.countsD.determinesA.settleB.ownC.investD.retainA.schoolsB.chihlrenC.familiesD.companiesA.modelsB.modesC.casesD.collectionsA.producingB.researchingC.ascertainingD.as
9、sistingA.trueB.valuableC.authenticD.pleasantA.afterB.whenC.beforeD.asA.occasionB.momentC.senseD.event二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Over the last decade, demand for the most common cosmetic surgery procedures, like greatest enlargements and most job
10、s, has increased by more than 400 percent. According to Dr. Dai Davies, of the Plastic Surgery Partnership in Hammersmith, the majority of cosmetic surgery patients are not chasing physical perfection. Rather, they are driven to fantastic lengths to improve their appearance by a desire to look norma
11、l. “What we all crave is to look normal, and normal is what is prescribed by the advertising media and other external pressures. They give us a perception of what is physically acceptable and we feel we must look like that. “In America, the debate is no longer about whether surgery is normal; rather
12、, it centers on what age people should be before going under the knife. New York surgeon Dr. Gerard Amber recommends “maintenance“ work for people in their thirties. “The idea of waiting until one needs heroic transformation is silly, “ he says, “By then, youve wasted 20 great years of your life and
13、 allowed things to get out of hand. “ Dr. Imber draws the line at operation on people who are under 18, however. “It seems that someone we dont consider old enough to order a drink shouldnt be considering plastic surgery. “In the UK cosmetic surgery has long been seen as the exclusive domain of the
14、very rich and famous. But the proportionate cost of treatment has fallen substantially, bringing all but the most advanced laser technology within the reach of most people. Dr. Davies, who claims to “eater for the average person“, agrees. He says, “I treat a few of the rich and famous and an awful l
15、ot of secretaries. Of course, 3,000 for an operation is a lot of money. But it is also an investment for life which costs about half the price of a good family holiday. “Dr. Davies suspects that the increasing sophistication of the fat injecting and removal techniques that allow patients to be treat
16、ed with a local anesthetic in an afternoon has also helped promote the popularity of cosmetic surgery. Yet, as one woman who, recently paid 2,500 for liposuction to remove fat from her thighs admitted, the slope to becoming a cosmetic surgery veteran is a deceptively gentle one. “I had my legs done
17、because theyd been bugging me for years. But going into the clinic was so low key and effective it whetted my appetite. Now I dont think theres any operation that I would rule out having if I could afford it. /（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, the reason for cosmetic surgery is to_.（分数：2.00）A.be
18、physically healthyB.look more normalC.satisfy appetiteD.be accepted by media(2).According to the third paragraph, Dr. Davies implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.cosmetic surgery, though costly, is worth havingB.cosmetic surgery is too expensiveC.cosmetic surgery is necessary even for the average personD.cosmet
19、ic surgery is mainly for the rich and famous(3).The statement “ draws the line at operating on people“ (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.removing wrinkles from the faceB.helping people make upC.enjoying operationD.refusing to operate(4).It can be inferred from the text that_.（分数：2.00）A.
20、it is wise to have cosmetic surgery under 18B.cosmetic surgery is now much easierC.people tend to abuse cosmetic surgeryD.the earlier people have cosmetic surgery, the better they will be(5).The text is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）A.the advantage of having cosmetic surgeryB.what kind of people should hav
21、e cosmetic surgeryC.the reason why cosmetic surgery is so popularD.the disadvantage of having cosmetic surgery五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statis
22、tics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing soci
23、al programs for those failing in the labor market.Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earni
24、ngs and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the over-whelming majority are from multiple earners, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or
25、 have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts excl
26、ude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several
27、times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working par
28、t-time because of the inability to find fulltime work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in kind
29、 transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be t
30、olerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debatethat the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.（分数：10.00）(1
31、).Which of the tollowing does “ labor market problems“ in the first sentenee refer to?（分数：2.00）A.Shortage of jobs providing adequate income.B.Deficiencies in the training of the work force.C.Trade relationships among producers of goods.D.The overall causes of poverty.(2).The author contrasts the 193
32、0s with the present in order to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.more people were unemployed in the 1930sB.social programs are more needed nowC.unemployment now has less severe effectsD.there now is a greater proportion of elderly and handicapped people among those in poverty(3).Which of the following proposal
33、s best responds to the issues raised by the author?（分数：2.00）A.hmovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment.B.A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness an evil greater than economic control and those who hold
34、the opposite view.C.New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.D.Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure.(4).The
35、 authors purpose in citing those who are repeatedly unemployed during a twelve-month period is most probably to show that（分数：2.00）A.there are several factors that cause the payment of low wages to some members of the labor forceB.unemployment statistics can underestimate the hardship resulting from
36、joblessnessC.recurrent inadequacies in the labor market can exist and can cause hardships for individual workersD.a majority of those who are jobless at any one time does not suffer severe hardship(5).According to the text, one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to over predict the
37、 amount of economic hardship is the_.（分数：2.00）A.recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workersB.fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wagesC.establishment of a system of record keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statisticsD.prevalen
38、ce, among low-wage workers and the unemployed, of members of families in which others are employed六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In general, our society is becoming one of the giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is
39、 done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human relations“ experts; yet all this oiling does not aver the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppe
40、ts who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The. worker and employee are anxious not only because they might find themselves out of a job, they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interest in life. They live and die without ever
41、 having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some resp
42、ects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment
43、on then are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior,soeia bitity, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow competitor ereates constant anxiety an
44、d stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth century “free enterprise“ capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transf
45、orming our social system from a bureaucratically-man-aged industrialism in which maximal production and eonsumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialitiesthose of all love and of reason-are the aims of social arrangements. Product
46、ion and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.（分数：10.00）(1).By “a small well-oiled cog in the machinery“ the author intends to render the idea that man is_.（分数：2.00）A.a necessary part of the society though each individuals function is negligibleB
47、.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothlyC.working in complete harmony with the rest of the societyD.a humble component of tire society, especially when working smoothly(2).The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that_.（分数：2.00
48、）A.they are deprived of their individuality and independenceB.they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in lifeC.they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existenceD.they are likely to lose their jobs(3).From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those_.（分数
49、：2.00）A.who are at the bottom of the societyB.who are higher up in their social statusC.who could keep far away from this competitive worldD.who prove better than their fellow competitors(4).To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should_.（分数：2.00）A.resort to the production mode of our ancestorsB.offer higher wages to the workers and employeesC.enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD.take the fundamental realities for granted(5).The authors attitude towards industrialism might best
