1、考研英语(一)-19 及答案解析(总分：91.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)So what is depression? Depression is often more about anger turned (1) than it is about sadness. But its usually (2) as sadness. Depression can (3) at all ages, from childhood to old age, and its the United States No. 1 (4) pro
2、blem. When someone is depressed, her behavior (5) change and she loses interest in activities she (6) enjoyed (like sports, music, friendships). The sadness usually lasts every day for most of the day and for two weeks or more. What (7) depression? A (8) event can certainly bring (9) depression, but
3、 some will say it happens (10) a specific cause. So how do you know if youre just having a bad day (11) are really depressed? Depression affects your (12) , moods, behavior and even your physical health. These changes often go (13) or are labeled (14) simply a bad case of the blues. Someone whos tru
4、ly (15) depression will have (16) periods of crying spells, feelings of (17) (like not being able to change your situation) and (18) (tike youll feel this way forever), irritation or agitation. A depressed person often (19) from others, Depression seldom goes away by itself, and the greatest (20) of
5、 depression is suicide. The risk of suicide increases if the depression isnt treated.（分数：10.00）(1).A. on B. down C. inward D. up（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. depicted B. reported C. prohibited D. expressed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. happen B. convey C. fade D. deteriorate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. social B. acad
6、emic C. literary D. health（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. patterns B. links C. intuition D. conscientiousness（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. mostly B. once C. fairly D. desperately（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. cures B. checks C. triggers D. logs（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. solemn B. sarcastic C. slender D. stressful（分数：0.50）A
7、.B.C.D.(9).A. on B. around C. up D. under（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. via B. without C. without D. out of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. or B. but C. and D. while（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. monopoly B. motion C. thoughts D. association（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. underestimated B. unsettled C. unexpected D. unrecogni
8、zed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. by B. as C. in D. for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. battling B. substituting C. reproaching D. menacing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. justified B. extended C. identified D. matched（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. selfishness B. helplessness C. strategy D. emotion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. vibr
9、ation B. vicinity C. reservation D. hopelessness（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. withdraws B. overwhelms C. invades D. exploits（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. fabric B. patent C. danger D. passion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：6.00)India has about a bil
10、lion people and a dozen major languages of its own. One language, and only one, is understood-by the elite- across the country: that of the foreigners who ruled India for less than 200 years and left 52 years ago.Today, India. Tomorrow, unofficially, the world. That is well under way; at first, beca
11、use the British not only built global empire but also it was settled by America, and now because the world (and notably America) has acquired its first truly global-and interactive-medium, the Internet.It is estimated that some 350 million people speak English as their first language. Maybe 250 - 35
12、0 million do or can use it as a second language; in excolonial countries, notably, or in English-majority ones, like 30 million recently immigrants to the United States, or Canadas 6 million francophone Quebeckers. And elsewhere.? The guess is 100 million-1 billion depending how you define “can“. Le
13、t us be hold: in all, 20 -25% of earth s 6 billion people can use English; not the English of England, let alone of Dr. Johnson, but English.That number is soaring as each year brings new pupils to school and carries of monolingual oldies-and now as the Internet spreads. And the process is self-rein
14、forcing. As business spreads across frontiers, the company that wants to move its executives around, and to promote the best of them, regardless of nationality, encourages the uses of English. So the executive who wants to be in the frame, or to move to another employer, learns to use it. English ha
15、s long dominated learned journals: German, Russian or French (depending on the field) may be useful to their expert readers, but English is essential. So, if you want your own work published-and widely read by your peers-then English is the language of choice.The growth of the cinema, and still more
16、 so of television, has spread the dominant language. Foreign movies or sitcoms may be dubbed into major languages, but for smaller audiences they are usually subtitled. Result: a Dutch or Danish or even Arab family has an audio-visual learning aid in its living-room, and usually the language spoken
17、on-screen is English.The birth of the computer and its American operating systems gave English a nudge ahead: that of the Internet has given it a huge push. Any web-linked household today has a library of information available at the click of a mouse. And, unlike the books on its own shelves or in t
18、he public library, maybe four-fifths is written in English. That proportion may lessen, as more non-English sites spring up. But English will surely dominate.（分数：6.00）(1).The author cites the example of India to show _.A. the backwardness of its own languageB. the importance of learning EnglishC. th
19、e widespread of English languageD. the great influence of the British empire（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).From the passage, we can know that _.A. 20-25% of earths 6 billion people can use American EnglishB. 20-25% of earth s 6 billion people can use Dr. Johnson s EnglishC. 20-25% of earths 6 billion people c
20、an use standard EnglishD. 20-25% of earths 6 billion people can use English though not idiomatic（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned when the author explains the reasons of the rapid growing number of English speaker?A. New pupils are required to learn English at school.B. Mo
21、nolingual old people are encouraged to speak English.C. Employees have to learn English if they want to get a chance of promotion.D. Scholars use English as the language of their academic works more often than other languages.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).Foreign movies won t be dubbed into major language wh
22、en _.A. there are not many audiencesB. all the audiences know that foreign languageC. the audiences don t like it very muchD. the language spoken on-screen is English（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).The word “nudge“ in the first sentence of paragraph six means _.A. progress B. encouragementC. push D. growth（分数：
23、1.20）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)That rapscallion who leaps off the monkey bars, landing smack onto an innocent 3-year-old bystander, and skips off, giggling all the while? According to a new paper out of Israel, he may not feel all that bad about the incident. The study, conducted by Dr. In bal
24、 Kivenson Bar-On at the University of Haifa, shows that high levels of fearlessness in 3-and 4-year-olds is strongly associated with aggression and a lack of sympathy. This news will likely surprise risk-loving America, where parents typically beam with pride when their undaunted child mounts the bi
25、g slide.Fearlessness is a far-end point on the spectrum of what psychologists call the “approach and withdrawal dimension“peoples tendency to approach new stimuli (to gain information and acquire new skills ) and withdraw from unfamiliar stimuli (to avoid danger). Striking the right balance is consi
26、dered crucial to mans survival. But what about preschoolers? Theres a clear downside, Dr. Kivenson Bar-On discovered, after she observed lots of preschool play and machinations. In total, she documented 80 children at preschool, home and in the lab, measuring their propensity for fearlessness and ot
27、her social and emotional characteristics at the beginning and end of one year. Fearlessness was measured by observing reactions to various fright-inducing situations: separation from parents, the roar of a vacuum cleaner, a jack-in-the-box and the like. Those who displayed greater levels of fearless
28、ness, the study found, had no trouble recognizing facial expressions of anger, surprise, happiness and sadness in other childrenbut they had a hard time identifying fear.Over all, they were “emotionally shallow“ and showed lower levels of sympathy. They took advantage of friends and lacked regret ov
29、er inappropriate conduct. “These findings,“ the paper explains, “ suggest that fearlessness in preschool constitutes a clear risk factor for developmental pathways that lead to problems in morality, conscience development, and severe antisocial behaviors. “ At the same time, fearless children tended
30、 to be highly sociable. “One of the most interesting findings was that we could discriminate between friendliness and sympathy,“ Dr. Kivenson Bar-On said. “These kids are curious, easygoing and friendly, but they have a hard time recognizing emotional distress in others. “Jamie Ostrov, a psychology
31、professor at the State University at Buffalo who studies aggression, says that children at the extreme end of the fearless spectrurn “may be charming, but theyre also highly manipulative and deceptive and skilled at getting their wayeven at age 3 or 4. “ It could be that fearless children need stron
32、ger distress cues to active their autonomic nervous systems, limiting their ability to detect distress cues in others. It seems to be, if Im not worried about this, you cant be, either. But should we be?（分数：10.00）(1).The example of the first paragraph is to_.A. quote the research that the children o
33、f high levels of fearlessness are lack of empathyB. illustrate the children strongly associated with aggression and a lack of sympathy existC. criticize children in reckless behavior and moral deficiencyD. emphasize the necessity of the research（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).As for the result of the research,
34、 American parents may be_?A. approving B. welcomeC. a little unhappy D. indifferent（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the second paragraph, we may know_.A. fearless children are easy to liveB. fearless childrens character downsideC. fearless children are not sensitive to fearD. fear children are hard
35、 to distinguish different kinds of look（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Dr. Kivenson Bar-On, fearless children_.A. have no sympathy B. will have anti-social tendencyC. get well along with others D. are foxy（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The fearless children are not easy to perceive others sad mood because_.
36、A. theyre more aggressive and deceptiveB. they are more lack of sympathyC. they themselves are difficult to have the sad moodD. they are not good at watching others（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The simple act of surrendering a telephone number to a store clerk may seem innocuousso much so
37、 that many consumers do it with no questions asked. Yet that one action can set in motion a cascade of silent events, as that data point is acquired, analyzed, categorized, stored and sold over and over again. Future attacks on your privacy may come from anywhere, from anyone with money to purchase
38、that phone number you surrendered. If you doubt the multiplier effect, consider your e-mail inbox. If its loaded with spam, its undoubtedly because at some point in time you unknowingly surrendered your e-mail to the wrong Web site.Do you think your telephone number or address are handled differentl
39、y? A cottage industry of small companies with names youve probably never heard oflike Acxiom or Merlinbuy and sell your personal information the way other commodities like corn or cattle futures are bartered. You may think your cell phone is unlisted, but if youve ever ordered a pizza, it might not
40、be. Merlin is one of many commercial data brokers that advertises sale of unlisted phone numbers compiled from various sourcesincluding pizza delivery companies. These unintended, unpredictable consequences that flow from simple actions make privacy issues difficult to grasp, and grapple with.In a l
41、arger sense, privacy also is often cast as a tale of “Big Brother“the government is watching you or a big corporation is watching you. But privacy issues dont necessarily involve large faceless institutions: A spouse takes a casual glance at her husbands Blackberry, a co-worker looks at e-mail over
42、your shoulder or a friend glances at a cell phone text message from the next seat on the bus. While very little of this is news to anyonepeople are now well aware there are video cameras and Internet cookies everywherethere is abundant evidence that people live their lives ignorant of the monitoring
43、, assuming a mythical level of privacy. People write e-mails and type instant messages they never expect anyone to see. Just ask Mark Foley or even Bill Gates, whose e-mails were a cornerstone of the Justice Departments antitrust case against Microsoft.And polls and studies have repeatedly shown tha
44、t Americans are indifferent to privacy concerns. The general defense for such indifference is summed up a single phrase: “I have nothing to hide. “ If you have nothing to hide, why shouldnt the government be able to peek at your phone records, your wife see your e-mail or a company send you junk mai
45、l? Its a powerful argument, one that privacy advocates spend considerable time discussing and strategizing over.It is hard to deny, however, that people behave different when theyre being watched. And it is also impossible to deny that Americans are now being watched more than at any time in history
46、.（分数：10.00）(1).The email example showsA. email has become the predominant means of communication.B. careless surrendering of personal information can be harmful.C. the communication via email is replacing that via telephone.D. email will become an area for potential attacks on privacy.（分数：2.00）A.B.C
47、.D.(2).Companies like Acxiom or MerlinA. make a profit by acquiring and selling personal information.B. compile telephone directories for local business transaction.C. are law firms specializing in dealing with privacy issues.D. are agencies whose major mission is to protect privacy.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D
48、.(3).We can infer from the third paragraph thatA. cases of intrusion on privacy are the most serious in large institutions.B. people are now clearly aware how their privacy can be invaded.C. the Justice Department has done nothing about privacy issues so far.D. Bill Gates email messages have been us
49、ed against him in his lawsuit.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).To the popular saying “I have nothing to hide,“ the authors response is one ofA. admiration. B. contempt. C. disapproval. D. puzzlement.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What advice might the author give to the ordinary people?A. Never leave your telephone number anywhere.B. Raise your awareness of self-protection.C. Use your ceil phone and email wisely.D. Dont respond too readily to telephone messages.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It was a
