1、考研英语(二)-3 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various ar
2、eas during the U U 1 /U /Uhalf of the 19th century; most of U U 2 /U /Uwere charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S., the day nursery movement received great U U 3 /U /Uduring the First World War, when U U 4 /U /Uof manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In so
3、me European countries nurseries were established U U 5 /U /Uin munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship. U U 6 /U /Uthe number of nurseries in the U. S. also rose U U 7 /U /U, this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War,
4、U U 8 /U /U, Federal State and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control U U 9 /U /Uthe day nurseries, chiefly by U U 10 /U /Uthem.The U U 11 /U /Uof the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women wer
5、e U U 12 /U /Ucalled up on to replace men in the factories. On this U U 13 /U /Uthe U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, U U 14 /U /U6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities U U 15
6、/U /Uthis Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared U U 16 /U /Uin daycare centers receiving Federal U U 17 /U /U. Soon afterward, the Federal government U U 18 /U /Ucut down its expenditures for this purpose and later U U 19 /U /Uthem, causing
7、a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their U U 20 /U /Uat the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.（分数：10.00）(1). A. latter B. late C. other D. first（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2). A. those B. them C. whose D. whom（分数：0
8、.50）A.B.C.D.(3). A. impetus B. input C. imitation D. initiative（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4). A. sources B. abundance C. shortage D. reduction（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5). A. hardly B. entirely C. only D. even（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6). A. Because B. As C. Since D. Although（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7). A. unanimously B. sharply C
9、. predominantly D. militantly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8). A. therefore B. consequently C. however D. moreover（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9). A. over B. in C. at D. about（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10). A. formulating B. labeling C. patenting D. licensing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11). A. outset B. outbreak C. breakthrough D. breakdown
10、（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12). A. again B. thus C. repeatedly D. yet（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13). A. circumstance B. occasion C. case D. situation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14). A. regulating B. summoning C. allocating D. transferring（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15). A. expanded B. facilitated C. supplemented D. compensated（分数：0.50）A
11、.B.C.D.(16). A. by B. after C. of D. for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17). A. pensions B. subsidies C. revenues D. budgets（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18). A. prevalently B. furiously C. statistically D. drastically（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19). A. abolished B. diminished C. jeopardized D. precluded（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20). A. nurse
12、ries B. homes C. jobs D. children（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BSection Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPart A/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BText 1/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the past, American colleges and universities were created to serve a dual purpose to advance learning and to offer a chance to become familiar with bodies of knowl
13、edge already discovered to those who wished it. To create and to impart, these were the distinctive features of American higher education prior to the most recent, disorderly decades of the twentieth century. The successful institution of higher learning had never been one whose mission could be def
14、ined in terms of providing vocational skills or as a strategy for resolving societal problems.Another purpose has now been assigned to the mission of American colleges and universities. Institutions of higher learningpublic or privatecommonly face the challenge of defining their programs in such a w
15、ay as to contribute to the service of the community.This service role has various applications. Most common are programs to meet the demands of regional employment markets, to provide opportunities for upward social and economic mobility, to achieve racial, ethnic, or social integration, or more gen
16、erally to produce “productive“ as compared to “educated“ graduates. Regardless of its precise definition, the idea of a service-university has won acceptance within the academic community.One need only be reminded of the change in language describing the two-year college to appreciate the new value
17、currently being attached to the concept of a service-related university. The traditional two-year college has shed its Upejorative/U “junior“ college label and is generally called a “community college“, a clearly value-laden expression representing the latest commitment in higher education. Even the
18、 doctoral degree, long recognized as a required “union card“ in the academic world, has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to the professors classroom duties. The idea of a college or university that
19、 performs a triple function communicating knowledge to students, expanding the content of various disciplines, and interacting in a direct relationship with societyhas been the most important change in higher education in recent years.This novel development, however, is often overlooked. Educators h
20、ave always been familiar with those parts of the two-year college curriculum that have a “service“ or vocational orientation. It is important to know this. But some commentaries on American postsecondary education tend to underplay the impact of the attempt of colleges and universities to relate to,
21、 if not resolve, the problems of society. Whats worse, they obscure a fundamental question posed by the service-universitywhat is higher education supposed to do?（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, one of American colleges goals used to be _. A. providing vocational skills B. resolving societal pro
22、blems C. producing “productive“ graduates D. imparting knowledge to students-（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following does NOT belong to the applications of the colleges novel role? A. Producing “educated“ graduates. B. Improving peoples social and economic status. C. Cultivating “productive“ gra
23、duates. D. Promoting employment.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The change in language describing the two-year college is mentioned in paragraph 4 so as to _. A. reveal the change of two-year college in status B. indicate the valuation of a service-oriented university C. show the advantage of a junior college
24、over higher education D. criticism of the doctoral degree（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Judging from the context, the word “pejorative“ (Line 3, Para.4) most probably means _. A. ambiguous B. obscure C. disapproving D. uncommon（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude toward the new concept of higher educatio
25、n is _. A. negative B. positive C. impartial D. neutral（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BText 2/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Shopping has always been something of an impulsive activity, in which objects that catch our fancy while strolling are immediately bought on a whim. Advertisers and sellers have taken advantage of this
26、 fact, carefully positioning inexpensive but attractive items on paths that we are most likely to cross, hoping that our human nature will lead to a greater profit for them. With the dawn of the Internet and its exploding use across the world, the same tactics apply.Advertisers now place “banners“,
27、links to commercial web sites decorated with attractive pictures designed to catch our eyes while browsing the webs, on key web sites with heavy traffic. They pay top dollar for the right, thus creating profits for the hosting web site as well. These actions are performed in the hopes that during th
28、e course of our casual and leisurely web surfing, well click on that banner that sparks our interest and thus, in theory, buy the products advertised.Initial results have been positive. Web sites report a huge inflow of cash, both from the advertisers who tempt customers in with the banners and the
29、hosting web sites, which are paid for allowing the banners to be put in place. As trust and confidence in Internet buying increases and information security is heightened with new technology, the volume of buying is increasing, leading to even greater profits.The current situation, however, is not q
30、uite as optimistic. Just as magazine readers tend to unconsciously ignore advertisements in their favorite periodicals, web browsers are beginning to allow banners to slip their notice as well. Internet users respond to the flood of banners by viewing them as annoyances, a negative image that is hur
31、ting sales, since users are now less reluctant to click on those banners, preferring not to support the system that puts them in place. If Internet advertising is to continue to be a viable and profitable business practice, new methods will need to be considered to reinvigorate the industry.With the
32、 recent depression in the technology sector and slowing economy, even new practices may not Udo the trick/U. As consumers are saving more and frequenting traditional real estate businesses over their Internet counterparts, the fate of Internet business is called into question. The coming years will
33、be the only reliable indication of whether shopping on the worldwide web is the wave of the future or simply an impulsive activity whose whim has passed.（分数：10.00）(1).In discussing online shopping, the text centers on _. A. its characteristics and rise B. its problems and their solutions C. its deve
34、lopment and future D. its promoting strategy（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that _. A. Internet advertising has to be modified over time to remain effective B. Internet users tend to see banners as annoyances C. for all its current profits, Internet advertising will
35、 fade in the long run D. magazine readers are liable to ignore advertisements in reading their favorite periodicals（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Judging from the context, the phrase “do the trick“ (Line 2, Para.5) most probably means _. A. accomplish the trick B. attain their goal C. turn fruitless D. come t
36、rue（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following does NOT belong to factors responsible for the uncertainty of Internet business? A. the technological depression B. consumers reduction in expenditure C. the poor economic performance D. the passing of impulsive activity（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors
37、attitude toward online shopping is _. A. conservative B. positive C. negative D. objective（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BText 3/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The American economy is growing, according to the most recent statistics, at the high rate of 7%, and is in the middle of the largest peacetime expansion in American
38、history. We read in the newspapers that practically everyone who wants a job can get one. Microsoft is running advertisements in the New York Times practically begging Congress to issue more visas for foreign computer and information technology workers.In this environment, it is shocking that one gr
39、oup of Americans, people with disabilities, have such a high level of unemployment: 30% are not employedthe same percentage as when the Americans with Disabilities Act became law. Not only did their employment and labor earnings fall during the recession of the early 1990s, but employment and earnin
40、gs continued to fall during the long economic expansion that followed. Many of these people are skilled professionals who are highly marketable in todays economy.Part of the problem is discrimination, and part recent court rulings favoring employers in ADA lawsuits. Discrimination against people wit
41、h disabilities is, unfortunately, alive and well, despite the legal prohibitions against discrimination in hiring people with disabilities. 79% of disabled people who are unemployed cite discrimination in the workplace and lack of transportation as major factors that prevent them from working; studi
42、es have also shown that people with disabilities who find jobs earn less than their co-workers, and are less likely to be promoted.Unfavorable court rulings have not been helpful, either. Research by law professor Ruth Colker of Ohio State University has shown that in the eight years after the ADA w
43、ent into effect, employer-defendants prevailed in more than 93% of the cases decided by trial. Of the cases appealed, employers prevailed 84% of the time. Robert Burgdorf. Jr., who helped draft the ADA, has written, “legal analysis has proceeded quite a way down the wrong road.“ Disability activists
44、 and other legal scholars point out that Congress intended the ADA as a national mandate for the ending of discrimination against people with disabilities. Instead, what has occurred, in the words of one writer, is that the courts “have narrowed the scope of the law, redefined disability, raised the
45、 price of access to justice and generally deemed disability discrimination as not worthy of serious remedy.“But perhaps the greatest single problem is the federal government itself, where laws and regulations designed to help disabled people actually provide an economic disincentive to work. As Sen.
46、 Edward Kennedy wrote, “the high unemployment rate among people receiving federal disability benefits is not because their federal benefits programs have front doors that are too big, but because they have back doors that are too small.“（分数：10.00）(1).The advertisement made by Microsoft shows that _.
47、 A. a great number of jobs have been created in the U.S. B. foreign workers are favored over domestic workers C. working visa is very hard to be issued to foreign workers D. many domestic workers will lose their jobs to foreigners（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred from the second paragraph that _. A. most people with disabilities in the U.S. are not employed B. legislation for the disabled failed to help this group effectively C. the earnings of the disabled fluctuate with economic situation D. the di
