1、考研英语(二)-18 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Ernest Hemingway was one of the most important American writers in the history of contemporary American literature. He was the 1 spokesperson for the Lost Generation and also the sixth American to win the Nobel Prize for Liter
2、ature (1954). His writing style and personal life 2 a 3 influence on American writers of his time. Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in a doctor“s family in Oak Park, in the 4 of Chicago. The novel 5 established Hemingway“s 6 was The Sun Also Rises (1926). The story described a group of 7 American
3、s and Britons living in France. That is to 8 , it described the life of the members of the 9 Lost Generation after World War I. Hemingway“s second major novel was A Farewell to Arms (1929), a love story 10 in wartime Italy. That novel was 11 by Death in the Afternoon (1932) and Green Hills of Africa
4、 (1935). His two 12 of short stories Men without Women (1927) and Winner Take Nothing (1933) established his fame 13 the master of short stories. In the late 1930“s, Hemingway began to express 14 about social problems. His novel To Have and Have Not (1937) 15 economic and political injustices. The n
5、ovel For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) 16 the conflict of the Spanish Civil War. In 1952, Hemingway published The Old Man and the Sea , for 17 he won the 1953 Pulitzer Prize. In 1954, Hemingway was 18 the Nobel Prize of Literature. Later, being 19 and ill, he shot 20 on July 2, 1961.（分数：10.00）A.outstan
6、dingB.monotonousC.awkwardD.modestA.simulatedB.exertedC.stimulatedD.exceededA.offensiveB.progressiveC.nominalD.profoundA.suburbsB.summitC.mallD.circusA.in thatB.whatC.whoseD.thatA.institutionB.villaC.reputationD.pursuitA.ambitiousB.expatriateC.learnedD.wealthyA.speakB.observeC.sayD.remarkA.so-calledB
7、.registeredC.refinedD.classicalA.setB.publishedC.soldD.citedA.incorporatedB.combinedC.followedD.shadowedA.volumesB.collectionsC.sectionsD.chaptersA.forB.ofC.byD.asA.courageB.fearC.concernD.confidenceA.commendedB.eliminatedC.condemnedD.assessedA.portrayedB.quenchedC.evaluatedD.resolvedA.thatB.whichC.
8、whomD.whatA.grantedB.offeredC.awardedD.providedA.depressedB.hesitantC.legitimateD.sensitiveA.oneB.himC.oneselfD.himself二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Menorca or Majorca? It is that time of the year again. The brochures are piling up in travel agents
9、 while newspapers and magazines bulge with advice about where to go. But the traditional packaged holiday, a British innovation that provided many timid natives with their first experience of warm sand, is not what it was. Indeed, the industry is anxiously awaiting a High Court ruling to find out ex
10、actly what it now is. Two things have changed the way Britons research and book their holidays: low-cost airlines and the Internet. Instead of buying a ready-made package consisting of a flight, hotel, car hire and assorted entertainment from a tour operator“s brochure, it is now easy to put togethe
11、r a trip using an online travel agent like Expedia or Travelocity, which last July bought Lastminute. corn for 577 million ($1 billion), or from the proliferating websites of airlines, hotels and car-rental firms. This has led some to sound the death knell for high-street travel agents and tour oper
12、ators. There have been upheavals and closures, but the traditional firms are starting to fight back, in part by moving more of their business online. First Choice Holidays, for instance, saw its pre-tax profit rise by 16% to 114 million ($196 million) in the year to the end of October. Although the
13、overall number of holidays booked has fallen, the company is concentrating on more valuable long-haul and adventure trips. First Choice now sells more than half its trips directly, either via the Internet, over the telephone or from its own travel shops. It wants that to reach 75% within a few years
14、. Other tour operators are showing similar hustle. MyTravel managed to cut its loss by almost half in 2005. Thomas Cook and Thomson Holidays, now both German owned, are also bullish about the coming holiday season. High-street travel agents are having a tougher time, though, not least because many l
15、eading tour operations have cut the commissions they pay. Some high-street travel agents are also learning to live with the Internet, helping people book complicated trips that they have researched online, providing advice and tacking on other services. This is seen as a growth area. But if an agent
16、 puts together separate flights and hotel accommodation, is that a package, too? The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) says it is and the agent should hold an Air Travel Organisers Licence, which provides financial guarantees to repatriate people and provide refunds. The scheme dates from the early 197
17、0s, when some large British travel firms went bust, stranding customers on the Costas. Although such failures are less common these days, the CAA had to help out some 30,000 people last year. The Association of British Travel Agents went to the High Court in November to argue such bookings are not t
18、raditional packages and so do not require agents to acquire the costly licences. While the court decides, millions of Britons will happily click away buying online holidays, unaware of the difference.（分数：10.00）(1).Based on the first paragraph, the best title of the text could be _.（分数：2.00）A.An Annu
19、al HolidayB.A High Court RulingC.A New PackageD.A British Innovation(2).According to the text, the shift in the method of holiday booking in UK is associated with _.（分数：2.00）A.the popularity of electronicsB.the costly licencesC.car rental firmsD.the traditional ideology(3).According to the text, whi
20、ch of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.To put together a trip using a traditional travel agent is not hard at present.B.To sound the death knell for tour operator is unacceptable and inhumane.C.Some high-street travel agents defy the model of surviving with the internet.D.Traditional tour firms grap
21、ple with the internet.(4).The word “hustle“ in the topic sentence of the fourth paragraph most probably denotes _.（分数：2.00）A.demandB.hostilityC.saleD.prejudice(5).According to the first and last paragraphs, which of the following is still in suspense?（分数：2.00）A.A legal definition.B.A congestion char
22、ge.C.Financial guarantee.D.An adventure trip.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)They may not be the richest, but Africans remain the world“s staunchest optimists. An annual survey by Gallup International, a research outfit, shows that, when asked whether this year will be better than last, Africa once again co
23、mes out on top. Out of 52,000 people interviewed all over the world, under half believe that things are looking up. But in Africa the proportion is close to 60%almost twice as much as in Europe. Africans have some reasons to be cheerful. The continent“s economy has been doing fairly well with South
24、Africa, the economic powerhouse, growing steadily over the past few years. Some of Africa“s long-running conflicts, such as the war between the north and south in Sudan and the civil war in Congo, have ended. Africa even has its first elected female head of state, in Liberia. Yet there is no shortag
25、e of downers too. Most of Africa remains dirt poor. Crises in places like Cote d“Ivoire, Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe are far from solved. And the democratic credentials of Ethiopia and Uganda, once the darlings of western donors, have taken a bad knock. AIDS killed over 2 million Africans in 2005, and
26、 will kill more this year. So is it all just a case of irrational exuberance? Meril James of Gallup argues that there is, in fact, usually very little relation between the survey“s optimism rankings and reality. Africans, this year led by Nigerians, are consistently the most upbeat, whether their lo
27、t gets better or not. On the other hand, Greece hardly the worst place on earthtops the gloom-and-doom chart, followed closely by Portugal and France. Ms James speculates that religion may have a lot to do with it. Nine out of ten Africans are religious, the highest proportion in the world. But cyni
28、cs argue that most Africans believe that 2006 will be golden because things have been so bad that it is hard to imagine how they could possibly get worse. This may help explain why places that have suffered recent misfortunes, such as Kosovo and Afghanistan, rank among the top five optimists. Moussa
29、ka for thought for those depressed Greeks.（分数：10.00）(1).The statistics are employed in the first paragraph so as to indicate sort of _.（分数：2.00）A.disparityB.numbnessC.conformityD.stagnation(2).It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph of the text that African optimism is _.（分数：2.00）A.detrimentalB
30、.fragileC.transientD.constant(3).The conclusion made by Ms James, according to the text, is _.（分数：2.00）A.tentativeB.immutableC.impeccableD.moderate(4).The tone of the author in discussing African status can be defined as being _.（分数：2.00）A.radicalB.impartialC.hesitantD.self-centered(5).France is men
31、tioned in the text with the aim to _.（分数：2.00）A.contrast Nigerians and FrenchB.defend Meril James“ remarksC.attach importance to the gloom-and-doom chartD.refute Ms James concept of religion六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“This is a really exciting timea new era is starting,“ says Peter Bazalgette, the chie
32、f creative officer of Endemol, the television company behind “Big Brother“ and other popular shows. He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television, a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media which offers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mob
33、ile-network operators. And he is far from alone in his enthusiasm. Already, many mobile operators offer a selection of television channels or individual shows, which are “streamed“ across their third-generation (3G) networks. In Korea, television is also sent to mobile phones via satellite and terre
34、strial broadcast networks, which is far more efficient than sending video across mobile networks; similar broadcasts will begin in Japan in April. In Europe, the Italian arm of 3, a mobile operator, recently acquired Canale 7, a television channel, with a view to launching mobile-TV broadcasts in It
35、aly in the second half of 2006. Similar mobile-TV networks will also be built in Finland and America, and are being tested in many other countries. Meanwhile, Apple Computer, which launched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October, is striking deals with television networ
36、ks to expand the range of shows that can be purchased for viewing on the device , including “Lost“, “Desperate Housewives“ and “Law others are using special measures to crack down. This summer, tickets to the soccer World Cup in Germany will include the name and passport number of the original purch
37、aser and embedded chips that match the buyer to the tickets. Then there are legal worries. In America, more than a dozen states have anti-scalping laws of various kinds. New Mexico forbids the reselling of tickets for college games; Mississippi does so for all events on government-owned property. Su
38、ch laws are often ignored, but can still bite. In Massachusetts, where reselling a ticket for more than $2 above face value is unlawful, one fan brought a lawsuit last autumn against 16 companies (including StubHub) over his pricey Red Sox tickets.（分数：10.00）(1).UK is mentioned in the text with the i
39、ntention to _.（分数：2.00）A.define re-selling tickets for profitsB.stress the prosperity of the industryC.shed light on the booming of scalpingD.cast doubt on the profits of online ticket market(2).In both the second and the third paragraphs, the author employs which of the following writing device?（分数
40、：2.00）A.Emphasis.B.Contrast.C.Exaggeration.D.Interrogation.(3).The word “juicy“ in the last sentence of the second paragraph most probably denotes _.（分数：2.00）A.succulentB.interestingC.lucrativeD.liquid(4).Severe measures to discourage re-selling tickets for profits are illustrated with _.（分数：2.00）A.
41、U2 concertB.Super Bowl in early FebruaryC.Rolling Stones concertsD.the soccer World Cup in Germany(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.more than a dozen states in US have anti-scalping laws of various kindsB.there are still legal worries about the American reselling ticke
42、ts for a profitC.most states in US have yet to show positive response in crackdown on ticket toutingD.16 companies were taken to court by one fan for reselling a ticket for more than $2 above face value八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A. What to do as a student? B. Various definitions of plagiarism C. Ideas
43、should always be sourced D. Ignorance can be forgiven E. Plagiarism is equivalent to theft F. The consequences of plagiarism G. The relation between journals and plagiarism Scholars, writers and teachers in the modern academic community have strong feelings about acknowledging the use of another per
44、son“s ideas. In the English-speaking world, the term plagiarism is used to label the practice of not giving credit for the source of one“s ideas. Simply stated, plagiarism is “the wrongful appropriation or purloining, and publication as one“s own of the ideas, or the expression of ideas of another.“
45、 41. 1 The penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. In many universities, the punishment may range from failure in a particular course to expulsion from the university. In the literary world, where writers are protected from plagiarism by international copyright laws, the penalty m
46、ay range from a small fine to imprisonment and a ruined career. Protection of scholars and writers, through the copyright laws and through the social pressures of the academic and literary communities, is a relatively recent concept. Such social pressures and copyright laws require writers to give s
47、crupulous attention to documentation of their sources. 42. 2 Students, as inexperienced scholars themselves, must avoid various types of plagiarism by being self-critical in their use of other scholars“ ideas and by giving appropriate credit for the source of borrowed ideas and words, otherwise dire
48、 consequences may occur. There are at least three classifications of plagiarism as it is revealed in students“ inexactness in identifying sources properly. They are plagiarism by accident, by ignorance, and by intention. 43. 3 Plagiarism by accident, or oversight, sometimes is the result of the writ
49、er“s inability to decide or remember where the idea came from. He may have read it long ago, heard it in a lecture since forgotten, or acquired it second-hand or third-hand from discussions with colleagues. He may also have difficulty in deciding whether the idea is such common knowledge that no reference to the original source is needed. Although this type of plagiarism must be guarded against, it is the least serious and, if lessons learned, can be exempt from being severely punished. 44. 4 Plagiarism through ignorance is
