1、考研英语(二)-31 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world“s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Adm
2、inistration). The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature. But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79, 000 peo
3、ple are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day. “If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage
4、 not to have one,“ said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last five years or so, when someone says, “should I attempt to get an MBA“, the answer a lot more is: It depends.“ The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart
5、 Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught. The Harvard Business Review printed a lively , fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders. The
6、 article called MBA hires “extremely disappointing“ and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they don“t understand politics and people, and they aren“t able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, they“re out looking for other jobs.“ The problem, most participants in the d
7、ebate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness. Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one 7. The growth w
8、as fueled by a backlash against the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the women“s movement. Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “They don“t get a lot of grounding in the p
9、eople side of the business,“ said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm.（分数：25.00）(1).According to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses dominated by purer disciplines?（分数：5.00）A.Scornful.B.Appreciative.C.Envious.
10、D.Realistic.(2).It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees has been fueled mainly by _.（分数：5.00）A.the complaints from various employersB.the success of many non-MBAsC.the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplinesD.the poor performance of MBAs at work(3).What is the major we
11、akness of MBA holders according to The Harvard Business Review ?（分数：5.00）A.They are usually serf-centered.B.They are aggressive and greedy.C.They keep complaining about their jobs.D.They are not good at dealing with people.(4).From the passage we know that most MBAs _.（分数：5.00）A.can climb the corpor
12、ate ladder fairly quicklyB.quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmatesC.receive salaries that do not match their professional trainingD.cherish unrealistic expectations about their future(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：5.00）A.Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA progr
13、ams.B.The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.C.Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.D.A debate held recently on university campuses.When school officials in Kalkaska, Michigan, closed classes last week, the media flocked to the story, portraying the town“s 2,305 stude
14、nts as victims of stingy taxpayers. There is some truth to that: the property-tax rate here is one-third lower than the state average. But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkaska“s educators and the state“s largest teachers“ union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point.
15、Their aim was to spur passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state“s share of school funding. It was no coincidence that Kalkaska shut its schools two weeks after residents rejected a 28 percent property-tax increase. The school board argued that without the increase
16、it lacked the $1.5 million needed to keep schools open. But the school system had not done all it could to keep the schools open. Officials declined to borrow against next year“s state aid, they refused to trim extracurricular activities and they did not consider seeking a smallerperhaps more accept
17、abletax increase. In fact, closing early is costing Kalkaska a significant amount, including $600,000 in unemployment payments to teachers and staff and $250,000 in lost state aid. In February, the school system promised teachers and staff two months of retirement payments in case schools closed ear
18、ly, a deal that will cost the district $275,000 more. Other signs suggest school authorities were at least as eager to make a political statement as to keep schools open. The Michigan Education Association hired a public relations firm to stage a rally marking the school closings, which attracted 14
19、 local and national television stations and networks. The president of the National Education Association, the MEA“s parent organization, flew from Washington, D.C., for the event. And the union tutored school officials in the art of television interviews. School supervisor Doyle Disbrow acknowledge
20、s the district could have kept schools open by cutting programs but denies the moves were politically motivated. Michigan lawmakers have reacted angrily to the closings. The state Senate has already voted to put the system into receivership and reopen schools immediately; the Michigan House plans to
21、 consider the bill this week.（分数：25.00）(1).We learn from the passage that schools in Kalkaska, Michigan, are funded _.（分数：5.00）A.by both the local and state governmentsB.exclusively by the local governmentC.mainly by the state governmentD.by the National Education Association(2).One of the purposes
22、for which school officials closed classes was _.（分数：5.00）A.to avoid paying retirement benefits to teachers and staffB.to draw the attention of local taxpayers to political issuesC.to make the financial difficulties of their teachers and staff known to the publicD.to pressure Michigan lawmakers into
23、increasing state funds for local schools(3).The author seems to disapprove of _.（分数：5.00）A.the Michigan lawmakers“ endless debatingB.the shutting of schools in KalkaskaC.the involvement of the mass mediaD.delaying the passage of the school funding legislation(4).We learn from the passage that school
24、 authorities in Kalkaska are more concerned about _.（分数：5.00）A.a raise in the property-tax rate in MichiganB.reopening the schools there immediatelyC.the attitude of the MEA“s parent organizationD.making a political issue of the closing of the schools(5).According to the passage, the closing of the
25、schools developed into a crisis because of _.（分数：5.00）A.the complexity of the problemB.the political motives on the part of the educatorsC.the weak response of the state officialsD.the strong protest on the part of the students“ parentsGerman Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck may he most famous for his m
26、ilitary and diplomatic talent, but his legacy includes many of today“s social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated
27、 in part by Christian compassion for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the world“s first workers“ compensation law in 1884. By 1908, the United States was the only industrial nation in the world
28、that lacked workers“ compensation insurance. America“s injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were igno
29、rant about potential hazards in the workplace. The first state workers“ compensation law in this country passed in 1911, and the program soon spread throughout the nation. After World War , benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels wer
30、e lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers“ compensation. Two years later, the commission issued 19 key recom
31、mendations, including one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states“ average weekly wages. In fact, the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states“ average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most studies
32、show, every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much more money floating in the workers“ compensation system, it“s not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of th
33、e growing pie.（分数：25.00）(1).The world“s first workers“ compensation law was introduced by Bismarck _.（分数：5.00）A.to make industrial production saferB.to speed up the pace of industrializationC.out of religious and political considerationsD.for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movemen
34、t(2).We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe _.（分数：5.00）A.was accompanied by an increased number of workshop accidentsB.resulted in the development of popular social insurance programsC.required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplaceD.met grow
35、ing resistance from laborers working at machines(3).One of the problems the American injured workers faced in getting compensation in the early 19th century was that _.（分数：5.00）A.they had to have the courage to sue for damages in a court of lawB.different sums in the U.S. had totally different compe
36、nsation programsC.America“s average compensation benefit was much lower than the cost of livingD.they had to produce evidence that their employers were responsible for the accident(4).After 1972 workers“ compensation insurance in the U.S. became more favorable to workers so that _.（分数：5.00）A.the pov
37、erty level for a family of four went up drasticallyB.there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claimsC.the number of workers suing for damages increasedD.more money was allocated to their compensation system(5).The author ends the passage with the implication that _.（分数：5.00）A.compensation
38、 benefits in America are soaring to new heightsB.the workers are not the only ones to benefit from the compensation systemC.people from all walks of life can benefit from the compensation systemD.money floating in the compensation system is a huge drain on the U.S. economyNavigation computers, now s
39、old by most car-makers, cost $2,000 and up. No surprise, then, that they are most often found in luxury cars, like Lexus, BMW and Audi. But it is a developing technologymeaning prices should eventually dropand the market does seem to be growing. Even at current prices, a navigation computer is impre
40、ssive. It can guide you from point to point in most major cities with precise turn-by-turn directionsspoken by a clear humansounding voice, and written on a screen in front of the driver. The computer works with an antenna that takes signals from no fewer than three of the 24 global positioning syst
41、em (GPS) satellites. By measuring the time required for a signal to travel between the satellites and the antenna, the car“s location can be pinned down within 100 meters. The satellite signals, along with inputs on speed from a wheel-speed sensor and direction from a meter, determine the car“s posi
42、tion even as it moves. This information is combined with a map database. Streets, landmarks and points of interest are included. Most systems are basically identical. The differences come in hardwarethe way the computer accepts the driver“s request for directions and the way it presents the driving
43、instructions. On most systems, a driver enters a desired address, motorway junction or point of interest via a touch screen or disc. But the Lexus screen goes a step further: you can point to any spot on the map screen and get directions to it. BMW“s system offers a set of cross hairs that can be mo
44、ved across the map (you have several choices of map scale) to pick a point you“d like to get to. Audi“s screen can be switched to TV reception. Even the voices that recite the directions can differ, with better systems like BMW“s and Lexus“s having a wider vocabulary. The instructions are available
45、in French, German, Spanish, Dutch and Italian, as well as English. The driver can also choose parameters for determining the route: fastest, shortest or no freeways, for example.（分数：25.00）(1).We learn from the passage that navigation computers _.（分数：5.00）A.will greatly promote sales of automobilesB.
46、may help solve potential traffic problemsC.are likely to be accepted by more driversD.will soon be viewed as a symbol of luxury(2).With a navigation computer, a driver will easily find the best route to his destination _.（分数：5.00）A.by inputting the exact addressB.by indicating the location of his ca
47、rC.by checking his computer databaseD.by giving vocal orders to the computer(3).Despite their varied designs, navigation computers used in cars _.（分数：5.00）A.are more or less the same priceB.provide directions in much the same wayC.work on more or less the same principlesD.receive instructions from t
48、he same satellites(4).The navigation computer functions _.（分数：5.00）A.by means of a direction finder and a speed detectorB.basically on satellite signals and a map databaseC.mainly through the reception of turn-by-turn directionsD.by using a screen to display satellite signals(5).The navigation syste
49、ms in cars like Lexus, BMW and Audi are mentioned to show _.（分数：5.00）A.the immaturity of the new technologyB.the superiority of the global positioning systemC.the cause of price fluctuations in car equipmentD.the different ways of providing guidance to the driver考研英语(二)-31 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world“s
