1、考研英语(二)-41 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)A is for always getting to work on time. B is for being extremely busy. C is for the conscientious way you do your job. You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, t
2、he ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics. Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn“t ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious r
3、ewards of engaging in office politicsa better job, a raise, praisemany people are still unableor unwillingto “play the game.“ “People assume that office politics involves some manipulative behavior,“ says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. “But politics derive
4、s from the word “polite“. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return. In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue one“s own self-interest in the
5、 workplace. In many cases, this involves some form of socializing within the office environmentnot just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well. “The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,“ says Neil P. Lewis, a management psychol
6、ogist. “But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It“s simple human nature.“ Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the
7、office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery, fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors. Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recog
8、nizing the need for some self-promotion.（分数：25.00）(1).“Office politics“ (Line 2, Para.4) is used in the passage to refer to _.（分数：5.00）A.the code of behavior for company staffB.the political views and beliefs of office workersC.the interpersonal relationships within a companyD.the various qualities
9、required for a successful career(2).To get promoted, one must not only he competent but _.（分数：5.00）A.give his boss a good impressionB.honest and loyal to his companyC.get along well with his colleaguesD.avoid being too outstanding(3).Why are many people unwilling to “play the game“ (Line 4, Para.5)?
10、分数：5.00）A.They believe that doing so is impractical.B.They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.C.They are not good at manipulating colleagues.D.They think the effort will get them nowhere.(4).The author considers office politics to be _.（分数：5.00）A.unwelcome at the workplaceB.bad for interperson
11、al relationshipsC.indispensable to the development of company cultureD.an important factor for personal advancement(5).It is the author“s view that _.（分数：5.00）A.speaking up for oneself is part of human natureB.self-promotion does not necessarily mean flatteryC.hard work contributes very little to on
12、e“s promotionD.many employees fail to recognize the need of flatteryAs soon as it was revealed that a reporter for Progressive magazine had discovered how to make a hydrogen bomb, a group of firearm fans formed the National Hydrogen Bomb Association, and they are now lobbying against any legislation
13、 to stop Americans from owning one. “The Constitution,“ said the association“s spokesman, “gives everyone the right to own arms. It doesn“t spell out what kind of arms. But since anyone can now make a hydrogen bomb, the public should be able to buy it to protect themselves.“ “Don“t you think it“s da
14、ngerous to have one in the house, particularly where there are children around?“ “The National Hydrogen Bomb Association hopes to educate people in the safe handling of this type of weapon. We are instructing owners to keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse separately in a drawer.“ “Some peo
15、ple consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal weapon which could kill somebody.“ The spokesman said, “Hydrogen bombs don“t kill peoplepeople kill people. The bomb is for self-protection and it also has a deterrent effect. If somebody knows you have a nuclear weapon in your house, they“re going to thin
16、k twice about breaking in.“ “But those who want to ban the bomb for American citizens claim that if you have one locked in the cabinet, with the fuse in a drawer, you would never be able to assemble it in time to stop an intruder.“ “Another argument against allowing people to own a bomb is that at t
17、he moment it is very expensive to build one. So what your association is backing is a program which would allow the middle and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people will be left defenseless with just handguns.“（分数：25.00）(1).According to the passage, some people started a national associa
18、tion so as to _.（分数：5.00）A.block any legislation to ban the private possession of the bombB.coordinate the mass production of the destructive weaponC.instruct people how to keep the bomb safe at homeD.promote the large-scale sale of this newly invented weapon(2).Some people oppose the ownership of H
19、bombs by individuals on the grounds that _.（分数：5.00）A.the size of the bomb makes it difficult to keep in a drawerB.most people don“t know how to handle the weaponC.people“s lives will be threatened by the weaponD.they may fall into the hands of criminals(3).By saying that the bomb also has a deterr
20、ent effect the spokesman means that it _.（分数：5.00）A.will frighten away any possible intrudersB.can show the special status of its ownersC.will threaten the safety of the owners as wellD.can kill those entering others“ houses by force(4).According to the passage, opponents of the private ownership of
21、 H-bombs are very much worried that _.（分数：5.00）A.the influence of the association is too powerful for the less privileged to overcomeB.poorly-educated Americans will find it difficult to make use of the weaponC.the wide use of the weapon will push up living expenses tremendouslyD.the cost of the wea
22、pon will put citizens on an unequal basis(5).From the tone of the passage we know that the author is _.（分数：5.00）A.doubtful about the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home for safetyB.unhappy with those who vote against the ownership of H-bombsC.not serious about the private ownership of H-bombsD.conc
23、erned about the spread of nuclear weaponsSign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are uniquea speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new
24、light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born with, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C., the world
25、s only liberal arts university for deaf people. When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher. Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural
26、code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English. But Stokoe believed the “hand talk“ his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually have a genuine language? An
27、d could that language be unlike any other on Earth? It was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing as “substandard“. Stokoe“s idea was academic heresy. It is 37 years later. Stokoenow devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and
28、the deaf cultureis having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation of sound.
29、 But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,“ Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuffit“s brain stuff.“（分数：25.00）(1).The study of sign language is thought to be _.（分数：5.00）A.a new way to look at the learning of languageB.a challenge to tr
30、aditional views on the nature of languageC.an approach to simplifying the grammatical structure of a languageD.an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language(2).The present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by _.（分数：5.00）A.a famous scholar in the study of the huma
31、n brainB.a leading specialist in the study of liberal artsC.an English teacher in a university for the deafD.some senior experts in American Sign Language(3).According to Stokoe, sign language is _.（分数：5.00）A.a substandard languageB.a genuine languageC.an artificial languageD.an international langua
32、ge(4).Most educators objected to Stokoe“s idea because they thought _.（分数：5.00）A.sign language was not extensively used even by deaf peopleB.sign language was too artificial to be widely acceptedC.a language should be easy to use and understandD.a language could only exist in the form of speech soun
33、ds(5).Stokoe“s argument is based on his belief that _.（分数：5.00）A.sign language is as efficient as any other languageB.sign language is derived from natural languageC.language is a system of meaningful codesD.language is a product of the brainIt came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of
34、 Wales, made a trip to Angola in 1997, to support the Red Cross“s campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television screens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injured in explosions caused by landmines. “I knew the
35、 statistics,“ she said. “But putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13-year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her.“ The Princess concluded with a simple message: “We must stop landmines“. And she used every opportunity during her visit
36、to repeat this message. But, back in London, her views were not shared by some members of the British government, which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack on the Princess in the press. They described her as “very ill-informed“ and a “loose cannon“. The Pr
37、incess responded by brushing aside the criticisms: “This is a distraction we do not need. All I“m trying to do is help.“ Opposition parties, the media and the public immediately voiced their support for the Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess“s trip
38、had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government“s policy regarding landmines. The result was a severe embarrassment for the government. To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary, Malcolm Rifki
39、nd, claimed that the Princess“s views on landmines were not very different from government policy, and that it was “working towards“ a worldwide ban. The Defence Secretary, Michael Portillo, claimed the matter was “a misinterpretation or misunderstanding.“ For the Princess, the trip to this war-torn
40、 country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering landmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get closer to people and their problems.（分数：25.00）(1).Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997 _.（分
41、数：5.00）A.to voice her support for a total ban of landminesB.to clarify the British government“s stand on landminesC.to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims thereD.to establish her image as a friend of landmine victims(2).What did Diana mean when she said “.putting a face to those figures b
42、rought the reality home to me“ (Line 4 and 5, Para.1)?（分数：5.00）A.She just couldn“t bear to meet the landmine victims face to face.B.The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back home.C.Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statistics.D.Seeing the pain of the vict
43、ims made her realize the seriousness of the situation.(3).Some members of the British government criticized Diana because _.（分数：5.00）A.she was ill-informed of the government“s policyB.they were actually opposed to banning landminesC.she had not consulted the government before the visitD.they believe
44、d that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola(4).How did Diana respond to the criticisms?（分数：5.00）A.She paid no attention to them.B.She made more appearances on TV.C.She met the 13-year-old girl as planned.D.She rose to argue with her opponents.(5).What did Princess Diana think of her visit
45、to Angola?（分数：5.00）A.It had caused embarrassment to the British government.B.It had brought her closer to the ordinary people.C.It had greatly promoted her popularity.D.It had affected her relations with the British government.考研英语(二)-41 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.
46、00)A is for always getting to work on time. B is for being extremely busy. C is for the conscientious way you do your job. You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politic
47、s. Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn“t ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politicsa better job, a raise, praisemany peo
48、ple are still unableor unwillingto “play the game.“ “People assume that office politics involves some manipulative behavior,“ says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. “But politics derives from the word “polite“. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. I
49、t can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return. In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue one“s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form of socializing within the office environmentnot just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well. “The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,“ says Neil P. Lewis,
