1、考研英语(二)-40 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tel1 if the cause is a cold or flu may make a difference in how long the misery lasts. The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new gui
2、delines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That“s because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner re
3、lief will come. The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three virusesflu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine, which is, for most people, the best way
4、 to fight the flu, according to the ALA. But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for. Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and
5、 teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms. The ALA notes that it may be particula
6、rly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms. Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should n
7、ot take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome, a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system. There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood o
8、f catching one.（分数：25.00）(1).According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help _.（分数：5.00）A.shorten the duration of the illnessB.the patient buy medicine over-the-counterC.the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugsD.prevent people from catching colds and the flu(2).We learn from
9、the passage that _.（分数：5.00）A.one doesn“t need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the fluB.aspirin should not be included in over-the-counter medicines for the fluC.delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous systemD.over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the mise
10、ry caused by a cold or the flu(3).According to the passage, to combat the flu effectively, _.（分数：5.00）A.one should identify the virus which causes itB.one should consult a doctor as soon as possibleC.one should take medicine upon catching the diseaseD.one should remain alert when the disease is spre
11、ading(4).Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold?（分数：5.00）A.A stuffy nose.B.A high temperature.C.A sore throat.D.A dry cough.(5).If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents _.（分数：5.00）A.are advised not to give them aspirinB.should watch out for signs of Reye syndro
12、meC.are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccinationD.should prevent them from mixing with people running a feverIn a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possib
13、le answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialist
14、s, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents listed “to give children a good start academically“ as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this
15、as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of you
16、ng Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents. In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondentschose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. Sixty-two pe
17、rcent of the more individually oriented Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education. Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childho
18、od education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a univ
19、ersity-based program, it will increase the children“s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.（分数：25.00）(1).We learn from the fi
20、rst paragraph that many Americans believe _.（分数：5.00）A.Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American parentsB.Japan“s economic success is a result of its scientific achievementsC.Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instructionD.Japan“s higher education is super
21、ior to theirs(2).Most Americans surveyed believe that preschools should also attach importance to _.（分数：5.00）A.problem solvingB.group experienceC.parental guidanceD.individually-oriented development(3).In Japan“s preschool education, the focus is on _.（分数：5.00）A.preparing children academicallyB.deve
22、loping children“s artistic interestsC.tapping children“s potentialD.shaping children“s character(4).Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to _.（分数：5.00）A.broaden children“s horizonB.cultivate children“s creativityC.lighten children“s study loadD.enrich children“s know
23、ledge(5).Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university-based kindergartens?（分数：5.00）A.They can do better in their future studies.B.They can accumulate more group experience there.C.They can be individually oriented when they grow up.D.They can have better chances of getting a first-
24、rate education.Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960s and 70s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation wor
25、ld-wide has decreased significantly. A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by D
26、r. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic snow were declining. In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different for
27、ms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States. I
28、n a study published in the journal Ambio , scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline. Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period. The authors of the Am
29、bio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected. Scientists say both studies demonst
30、rate that certain parts of the ecosystem respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.（分数：25.00）(1).The study published in the journal Nature indicates that _.（分数：5.00）A.the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired resul
31、tsB.lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increaseC.lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expectedD.the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow(2).Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US _.（分数：5.00）A.was discouragedB.was enf
32、orced by lawC.was prohibited by lawD.was introduced(3).How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?（分数：5.00）A.By analyzing the data published in journals likeNature and Ambio.B.By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.C.By studying the chemi
33、cal elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.D.By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.(4).The authors of the Ambio study have found that _.（分数：5.00）A.forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expectedB.lead accumulations in forests are more d
34、ifficult to deal withC.lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the USD.the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists _.（分数：5.00）A.are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollutionB.feel relieved by
35、the use of unleaded gasolineC.still consider lead pollution a problemD.lack sufficient means to combat lead pollutionExercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would
36、rather try switching to “light“ beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet. In rejecting exercise, som
37、e people may be discouraged too much by caloric- expenditure charts; for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry. Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. “Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight
38、,“ says York Onnen, program director of the President“s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. Still, exercise“s supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted wit
39、hout exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight. If you have been sedentary and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year“s time, assuming no in
40、crease in food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.（分数：25.00）(1).What is said about the average American in the passage?（分数：5.00）A.They tend to exaggerate the healthful effect of “li
41、ght“ beer.B.They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight.C.They prefer “light“ beer and low-calorie bread to other drinks and food.D.They know the factors that play a positive role in keeping down body weight.(2).Some people dislike exercise because _.（分数：5.00）A.they think it is physi
42、cally exhaustingB.they find it hard to exercise while on a dietC.they don“t think it possible to walk 3 miles every dayD.they find consulting caloric-expenditure charts troublesome(3).“Even exercise professionals concede half a point here“ (Line 3, Para.2) means “They _“.（分数：5.00）A.agree that the ca
43、lories in a small piece of pastry can be difficult to work off by exerciseB.partially believe diet plays a supporting role in weight reductionC.are not fully convinced that dieting can help maintain one“s new weightD.are not sufficiently informed of the positive role of exercise in losing weight(4).
44、What was confirmed by the Boston University Medical Center“s study?（分数：5.00）A.Controlling one“s calorie intake is more important than doing exercise.B.Even occasional exercise can help reduce weight.C.Weight reduction is impossible without exercise.D.One could lose ten pounds in a year“s time if the
45、re“s no increase in food intake.(5).What is the author“s purpose in writing this article?（分数：5.00）A.To justify the study of the Boston University Medical Center.B.To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight.C.To support the statement made by York Onnen.D.To show the most effective way to l
46、ose weight.考研英语(二)-40 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tel1 if the cause is a cold or flu may make a difference in how long the misery lasts. The American Lung Association (ALA) has issu
47、ed new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That“s because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the
48、 sooner relief will come. The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three virusesflu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine, which is, for most people, th
49、e best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA. But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for. Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on sudde
