1、考研英语(二)-538 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Baltimore was founded in 1729. For a generation it seemed no different from a dozen other small settlements 1 up at the head of the Chesapeake Bays. Its claim to 2 consisted of a blacksmith“s shop, flour 3 , and tobacco wareh
2、ouse. Yet Baltimore was 4 for a more dynamic future than its slow beginnings seemed to 5 . 6 by an agricultural revolution in the Maryland and Pennsylvania countryside as well as dramatic disruptions in the Atlantic economy, Baltimore at mid-century began to 7 . By 1799 it had risen to become the ne
3、w Republic“s fourth largest city with 8 to overtake the three still 9 : New York, Philadelphia and Boston. 10 the Baltimore village of the Jeffersonian era looked utterly unlike the colonial village from 11 it had emerged, the two shared more than it might be 12 at the first glance. Baltimore“s econ
4、omy had expanded tremendously, to be sure, but the same forces that sparked 13 around 1750 continued to 14 it fifty years later. 15 the establishment of new government at the state level in 1776, national level in 1788, and 16 level in 1797, the same irritating issues continued to attack its politic
5、s. If Baltimore had become richer and bigger, its occupational structure, wealth 17 and residential patterns withstood the pressure of growth and looked about the same in 1790 as in 1812. In other words, 18 the frozen and seemingly chaotic pace of 19 , Baltimore enjoyed a strong element of stability
6、. For in 1812, no 20 than in 1729, Baltimore was a pre-industrial town.（分数：10.00）A.comingB.risingC.springingD.goingA.characterB.distinctionC.similarityD.characteristicA.plantB.factoryC.workshopD.millA.destinedB.determinedC.facedD.entitledA.indicateB.appearC.pretendD.presentA.EncouragedB.SpurredC.Aff
7、ectedD.InspiredA.doomB.declineC.steamD.boomA.ambitionsB.imaginationsC.stimulationsD.inspirationsA.behindB.alikeC.aheadD.asideA.NeverthelessB.MoreoverC.MeanwhileD.AlthoughA.thatB.whereC.whichD.whatA.visibleB.familiarC.obscureD.apparentA.accumulationB.expansionC.multiplicationD.developmentA.endureB.su
8、stainC.undergoD.nurtureA.In respect toB.GivenC.ConsideringD.DespiteA.municipalB.federalC.suburbanD.ruralA.communicationB.circulationC.distributionD.arrangementA.beneathB.beyondC.betweenD.amongA.automationB.mechanizationC.urbanizationD.revolutionA.olderB.lessC.longerD.more二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分
9、数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For many years, people believed that the brain, like the body, rested during sleep. After all, we are rendered unconscious by sleep. Perhaps, it was thought, the brain just needs to stop thinking for a few hours every day. Wrong. During sleep, ou
10、r brain-the organ that directs us to sleepis itself extraordinarily active. And much of that activity helps the brain to learn, to remember and to make connections. It wasn“t so long ago that the regretful joke in research circles was that everyone knew sleep had something to do with memory except f
11、or the people who study sleep and the people who study memory. Then, in 1994, Israeli researchers reported that the average performance for a group of people on a memory test improved when the test was repeated after a break of many hoursduring which some subjects slept and others did not. In 2000,
12、a Harvard team demonstrated that this improvement occurred only during sleep. There are several different types of memoryincluding declarative (fact-based information), episodic (events from your life) and procedural (how to do something)and researchers have designed ways to test each of them. In al
13、most every case, whether the test involves remembering pairs of words, tapping numbered keys in a certain order or figuring out the rules in a weather-prediction game, “sleeping on it“ after first learning the task improves performance. It“s as if our brains squeeze in some extra practice time while
14、 we“re asleep. This isn“t to say that we can“t form memories when we“re awake. If someone tells you his name, you don“t need to fall asleep to remember it. But sleep will make it more likely that you do. Sleep-deprivation experiments have shown that a tired brain has a difficult time capturing memor
15、ies of all sorts. Interestingly, sleep deprivation is more likely to cause us to forget information associated with positive emotion than information linked to negative emotion. This could explain, at least in part, why sleep deprivation can trigger depression in some people: memories stained with n
16、egative emotions are more likely than positive ones to “stick“ in the sleep-deprived brain. Sleep also seems to be the time when the brain“s two memory systemsthe hippocampus and the neocortex“talk“ with one other. Experiences that become memories are laid down first in the hippocampus, eliminating
17、whatever is underneath. If a memory is to be retained, it must be shipped from the hippocampus to a place where it will endure the neocortex, the wrinkled outer layer of the brain where higher thinking takes place. Unlike the hippocampus, the neocortex is a master at weaving the old with the new. An
18、d partly because it keeps incoming information at bay, sleep is the best time for the “undistracted“ hippocampus to shuttle memories to the neocortex, and for the neocortex to link them to related memories.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The b
19、rain rested during sleep.B.The brain functioned in the same way as the body.C.The brain needs to stop for a few hours every day.D.The brain is very active during sleep.(2).What is TRUE about the report of Israeli researches and the demonstration of a Harvard team?（分数：2.00）A.They proved that sleep ha
20、d nothing to do with memory.B.Their conclusions were different.C.They were products of coordinated experiments.D.They both proved that sleep helps remember.(3).What can researchers do to test different memory types?（分数：2.00）A.They can test all memory types at the same time.B.They can only test a cer
21、tain type of memory.C.They can test each type of memory in different ways.D.They can reach different conclusions with different methods.(4).How will sleep deprivation affect our memory according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.It triggers depression in sleep-deprived people.B.It has the same effect on goo
22、d and had memory.C.It will only allow bad memories to stay in our brain.D.It will make it difficult for our brain to remember things.(5).How can a piece of information become enduring memory in the brain according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.It must go to the hippocampus for processing.B.It must be tr
23、ansferred to the neocortex.C.It must eliminate the memory underneath it.D.It must be captured during the time of sleep.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)I, a mother of two girls, gave birth to a third girl one month ago. The pediatrician recommended a liquid multivitamin that contains 400 international units
24、(IUs) of Vitamin D for the new born baby, which confused me a lot. When my first girl, who is now 4, was born, the doctor told us to simply get her out in the sun from time to time to let her body produce Vitamin D. When our second child was born two years ago, we were told to give her a multivitami
25、n that had 200 IUs of Vitamin D. So there is a big change, and what do we really know about its risks and benefits? Turns out the debate about how much Vitamin D we need has intensified over the past 10 years. One part of the discourse focuses on the growing body of research that point to numerous h
26、ealth benefits of the chemical (actually a hormone): it can help prevent rickets in children and severe bone loss in adults and potentially lowers the risk of multiple sclerosis, juvenile diabetes, cancer, heart disease, colds and influenza. Amid all this new evidence, the Institute of Medicine (IOM
27、) has assembled a panel of experts to reevaluate just how much Vitamin D we really need and can safely tolerate. Current IOM recommendations, set in 1997, are 200 IUs a day from birth to age 50 and a bit more after that. The upper limit of safety, according to the institute, is 2,000 IUs dailytoo mu
28、ch can lead to, among other things, nausea and kidney stonesyet some Vitamin D proponents are pushing for up to 4,000 IUs a day for adults. The IOM review won“t be completed until May 2010. In the meantime, Dr. Frank Greer, chairman of the Nutrition Committee at the American Academy of Pediatrics, i
29、s confident that the academy“s new guideline of 400 IUs is enough for kids under 2. But, he wonders, “What about adolescents? Do they need 800?“ That remains to be seen. In addition to the question of how much Vitamin D, there is debate over the best way to get it. About 10 to 15 minutes spent outsi
30、de in full sun will give a fair-skinned person dressed only in his skivvies 10,000 to 20,000 IUs. Some Vitamin D advocates point to the vigorous use of sunscreen as the reason studies show that so many Americans don“t get enough Vitamin D. But we don“t want taking advantage of the potential benefits
31、 of Vitamin D to mean increased risk of contracting skin cancer. In addition to supplements, there are foods that naturally contain Vitamin D (salmon, egg yolks, liver) and others that are fortified with it (milk, cereals, juices, breads). And, of course, there is always cod liver oil.（分数：10.00）(1).
32、Which one of the following statements is TRUE according to Para. 1?（分数：2.00）A.The amount of Vitamin D intake for the author“s first child is a half of that for her third child.B.The author“s new born baby was taking Vitamin D pills.C.Sunshine can help produce Vitamin D.D.The author“s second child di
33、d not have any Vitamin D supplement when born.(2).What can be inferred from Para. 2?（分数：2.00）A.There is a universal agreement on the safety level for the amount of Vitamin D intake.B.Few researches on the amount of Vitamin D intake have been carried out.C.Vitamin D belongs to the category of hormone
34、.D.Vitamin D is only useful for retaining the bone.(3).Which of the following descriptions about the amount of Vitamin D intake is TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.The upper limit of Vitamin D intake for adults is 400 IUs.B.It is dangerous for adults to take 2,000 IUs Vitamin D daily.C.An overdose of Vitamin D does
35、not necessarily result in diseases.D.For people under 50, it is safe to take 200 IUs Vitamin D daily.(4).What can we learn from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.People can hardly get Vitamin D from daily diet.B.Heavy use of sunscreen can promote the Vitamin D production by the body.C.The Vitamin D density is
36、strengthened in milk and bread.D.The standard amount of Vitamin D intake keeps no change for kids and adolescents.(5).This passage is mainly to _.（分数：2.00）A.give the answers on the safe amount of vitamin D intakeB.introduce the disagreements over the Vitamin D intake and the general knowledge about
37、Vitamin DC.present her own questions on medicine and ask for helpD.show off her knowledge on child-care六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The clean-energy business is turning into the next big investment boom, in which risks are lightly ignored. Until recently, recalls Charlie Gay, a 30-year veteran of the sol
38、ar-power business, venture capitalists were far too busy catering to captains of the information-technology industry to waste time on “hippy-dippy tree-huggers“ like himself. But now the tree-huggers are in the ascendant and the IT barons are busy investing in clean-energy technology. Investors are
39、failing over themselves to finance start-ups in clean technology, especially in energy. Venture Business Research reckons that investment in the field by venture capitalists and private-equity firms has quadrupled in the past two years, from some $500m in 2004 to almost $2 billion so far this year.
40、The share of venture capital going into clean energy is rising rapidly. Clean-energy fever is being fuelled by three things: high oil prices, fears over energy security and a growing concern about global warming. The provision of energy, the industry“s cheerleaders say, will change radically over th
41、e coming decades. Polluting coal and gas-fired power stations will give way to cleaner alternatives such as solar and wind; fuels derived from plants and waste will replace petrol and diesel; and small, local forms of electricity generation will replace big power stations feeding far-flung grids. Ev
42、entually, it is hoped, fuel cells running on hydrogen will take the place of the internal combustion engine which is available everywhere. It is a bold vision, but if it happens very slowly, or only to a limited extent, boosters argue that it will still prompt tremendous growth for firms in the busi
43、ness. Analysts confidently predict the clean-energy business will grow by 20%30% a year for a decade. Jefferies, an investment bank that organized a recent conference on the industry in London, asked participants how soon solar power would become competitive with old-fashioned generation technologie
44、s: in 2010, 2015 or 2020. About three-quarters of those present, one visitor happily observed, were “cheque-writers“. This “megatrend“, the keynote speaker advocated, “may be the biggest job and wealth-creation opportunity of the 21st century.“ Such exaggeration might remind people of dotcom bubble.
45、 But clean-energy advocates insist growth is sustainable because of the likes of Mr. Schwarzenegger. The Governor is a hero in green circles because of his enthusiasm for environmental regulation. He easily won reelection partly because he seized on global warming as a concern and signed into lawAme
46、rica“s first wide-ranging scheme to cap green-house-gas emissions.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first two paragraphs, we can learn that _.（分数：2.00）A.clean energy business is booming while the risks are totally overlookedB.venture capitalists have wasted much money on “hippy-dippy tree hungers“C.cle
47、an energy business is surging and changes the venture capital marketD.the information-technology industry is correspondingly shrinking fast(2).Which of the following is TRUE of Para. 3?（分数：2.00）A.Clean energy fever is fuelled mainly by human psychological weakness.B.The energy provision for the comi
48、ng decades will undergo rapid changes.C.Hydrogen as a new energy will replace traditional energy forms like coal, and gas.D.Supporters of clean energy business are pretty optimistic about its future.(3).The word “cheque-writers“ (Line 5, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.tycoonsB.donato
49、rsC.investorsD.celebrities(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.clean energy industry and the dotcom industry have the same business modelB.the dotcom industry might have undergone a rapid but unsustainable developmentC.Schwarzenegger has insisted that growth in clean energy business is sustainableD.global warming has become a popular and decisive issue in political elections(5).What is the author“s attitude towards clean energy business?（分数：2.00）A.Optimistic.B.Enthusiastic.C.Objective.D.Subjective.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In Septemb
