1、考研英语(二)-38 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)People living on parts of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. The sea had
2、eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, sliding down the cliff and into the sea. Erosion of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has
3、become more serious in recent years. Dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea. Angr
4、y owners have called on the Government to erect sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast, shifting
5、 the problem from one area to another. The danger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is. Meanwhile, if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on
6、 the south coast of England. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home.（分数：25.00）(1).What is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face?（分数：5.00）A.The disappearance of hotels, houses and gardens.B.The experts“ la
7、ck of knowledge.C.The rising of the sea level.D.The washing-away of limestone cliffs.(2).The erosion of the white cliffs in the south of England _.（分数：5.00）A.will soon become a problem for people living in central EnglandB.has now become a threat to the local residentsC.is quickly changing the map o
8、f EnglandD.can be stopped if proper measures are taken(3).The experts“ study on the problem of erosion can _.（分数：5.00）A.lead to its eventual solutionB.provide an effective way to slow it downC.help to prevent it from worseningD.warn people whose homes are in danger(4).It is not feasible to build sea
9、 defenses to protect against erosion because _.（分数：5.00）A.it is too costly and will endanger neighbouring areasB.the government is too slow in taking actionC.they will be easily knocked down by waves and currentsD.house agents along the coast do not support the idea(5).According to the author, when
10、buying a house along the south coast of England, people should _.（分数：5.00）A.be aware of the potential danger involvedB.guard against being cheated by the house agentC.take the quality of the house into considerationD.examine the house carefully before making a decisionSport is not only physically ch
11、allenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lea
12、d to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable. The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how
13、 to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents“ and coaches“ criticisms to heart
14、and find a flaw in themselves. Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today“s youth sport setting, young athle
15、tes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters“ performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positiv
16、e reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.（分数：25.00）(1).An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is _.（分数：5.00）A.to make sports less competitiveB.to make sports more cha
17、llengingC.to reduce their mental stressD.to increase their sense of success(2).According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that _.（分数：5.00）A.it can help them learn more about societyB.it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselvesC.it enables them to find flaws in thems
18、elvesD.it can provide them with valuable experiences(3).Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes _.（分数：5.00）A.without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidenceB.in order to make them remember life“s lessonsC.believing that criticism is beneficial for their
19、early developmentD.so as to put more pressure on them(4).According to the passage parents and coaches should _.（分数：5.00）A.help children to win every gameB.pay more attention to letting children enjoy sportsC.enable children to understand the positive aspect of sportsD.train children to cope with str
20、ess(5).The author“s purpose in writing the passage is _.（分数：5.00）A.to persuade young children not to worry about criticismB.to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to childrenC.to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragementD.to teach young athletes how to avoid burnoutHuma
21、nity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world“s population is expected to double in the next 50 years,
22、 many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis. But that doesn“t have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the worldif we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we mu
23、st start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want. Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actu
24、al value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs. Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation water in the dry tropics is throug
25、h small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions and pumping it to nearby cropland. No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thou
26、sands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.（分数：25.00）(1).What is the real cause of the potential water crisis?（分数：5.00）A.The world population is increasing faster and faster.B.Half of
27、 the world“s water resources have been seriously polluted.C.Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.D.Only half of the world“s water can be used.(2).As indicated in the passage, the water problem _.（分数：5.00）A.has been exaggerated by some experts in the fieldB.is underestimated by
28、 government organizations at different levelsC.poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirsD.is already serious in certain parts of the world(3).According to the author, the water price should _.（分数：5.00）A.correspond to its real valueB.be reduced to the minimumC.stimulate domestic dema
29、ndD.take into account the occurrences of droughts(4).The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to _.（分数：5.00）A.build big lakes to store waterB.construct big pumping stationsC.channel water from nearby rivers to croplandD.build small and cheap irrigation systems(5).In order to ra
30、ise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to _.（分数：5.00）A.centralize the management of water resourcesB.increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levelsC.guarantee full protection of the environmentD.encourage local and regional control of water resourcesIn 1993,
31、 New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw materials for new products. But because few could figure ou
32、t what to do with the plastic, much of it wound up buried in landfill. The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic. Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there ar
33、e dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc. As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a discard until so
34、mebody figures out how to give it a second lifeand until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials. Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and
35、 burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste-management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts t
36、o saving of more than $100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.（分数：25.00）(1).What regulation was issued by New York State concerning
37、 beverage containers?（分数：5.00）A.Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles.B.Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling.C.A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling.D.Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and
38、 could get their money back on returning them.(2).The returned plastic bottles in New York used to _.（分数：5.00）A.end up somewhere undergroundB.be turned into raw materialsC.have a second-life valueD.be separated from other rubbish(3).The key problem in dealing with returned plastic beverage container
39、s is _.（分数：5.00）A.to sell them at a profitable priceB.how to turn them into useful thingsC.how to reduce their recycling costsD.to lower the prices for used materials(4).Recycling has become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because _.（分数：5.00）A.local governments find it easy to manageB.r
40、ecycling has great appeal for the joblessC.recycling causes little pollutionD.other methods are more expensive(5).It can be concluded from the passage that _.（分数：5.00）A.rubbish is a potential remedy for the shortage of raw materialsB.local governments in the U.S. can expect big profits from recyclin
41、gC.recycling is to be recommended both economically and environmentallyD.landfills will still be widely used for waste disposal考研英语(二)-38 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)People living on parts of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners
42、of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. The sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, sliding down
43、the cliff and into the sea. Erosion of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recent years. Dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. Experts have studied the areas most affected an
44、d have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea. Angry owners have called on the Government to erect sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea wal
45、ls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast, shifting the problem from one area to another. The danger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is.
46、Meanwhile, if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of England. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home.（分数：25.00）(1).What is the cause of the problem that people l
47、iving on parts of the south coast of England face?（分数：5.00）A.The disappearance of hotels, houses and gardens.B.The experts“ lack of knowledge.C.The rising of the sea level.D.The washing-away of limestone cliffs. 解析：(2).The erosion of the white cliffs in the south of England _.（分数：5.00）A.will soon be
48、come a problem for people living in central EnglandB.has now become a threat to the local residents C.is quickly changing the map of EnglandD.can be stopped if proper measures are taken解析：(3).The experts“ study on the problem of erosion can _.（分数：5.00）A.lead to its eventual solutionB.provide an effe
49、ctive way to slow it downC.help to prevent it from worseningD.warn people whose homes are in danger 解析：(4).It is not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because _.（分数：5.00）A.it is too costly and will endanger neighbouring areas B.the government is too slow in taking actionC.they will be easily knocked down by waves and currentsD.house agents along the coast do not support the idea解析：(5).According to the author, when buying a house along the south coast of England, peo
