1、考研英语(二)-23 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems
2、 are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting. One of the best thin
3、gs you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train it. Obedience training doesn“t solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct
4、your dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,“ it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack by using extreme m
5、easures. You can teach your dog its subordinate role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together mor
6、e enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.（分数：25.00）(1).Behavior problems of dogs are believed to _.（分数：5.00）A.be lust part of their natureB.worsen in modern societyC.occur when they go wildD.present a threat
7、 to the community(2).The primary purpose of obedience training is to _.（分数：5.00）A.teach the dog to perform clever tricksB.make the dog aware of its owner“s authorityC.provide the dog with outlets for its wild behaviorD.enable the dog to regain its normal behavior(3).Effective communication between a
8、 dog and its owner is _.（分数：5.00）A.essential to solving the dog“s behavior problemsB.the foundation for dogs to perform tasksC.a good way to teach the dog new tricksD.an extreme measure in obedience training(4).Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?（分数：5.00）A.To avoid being punish
9、ed.B.To show their affection for their masters.C.To win leadership of the dog pack.D.To show their willingness to obey.(5).When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner _.（分数：5.00）A.can give the dog more rewardsB.will enjoy a better family lifeC.can give the dog more freedomD.will
10、have more confidence in himselfEngineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have ch
11、osen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But that“s not what I did. I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university that doesn“t even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practica
12、l choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren“t studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and
13、other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them. I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering “factories“ where they didn“t care if you have values or were
14、flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one. Now I“m not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses
15、with liberal-arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile engineering with liberal-arts courses in college. The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don“t mix as easil
16、y as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.（分数：25.00）(1).The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university because he _.（分数：5.00）A.wan
17、ted to be an example of practicality and rationalityB.intended to be a combination of engineer and humanistC.wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in collegeD.intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals(2).According to the author, by interacting with people who study lib
18、eral arts, engineering students can _.（分数：5.00）A.balance engineering and the liberal artsB.receive guidance in their careersC.become noble idealistsD.broaden their horizons(3).In the eyes of the author, a successful engineering student is expected _.（分数：5.00）A.to have an excellent academic recordB.t
19、o be wise and matureC.to be imaginative with a value system to guide himD.to be a technical genius with a wide vision(4).The author“s experience shows that he was _.（分数：5.00）A.creativeB.ambitiousC.unrealisticD.irrational(5).The word “they“ in “.together they threaten to confuse.“ (Line 3, Para.5) re
20、fers to _.（分数：5.00）A.engineering and the liberal artsB.reality and noble idealsC.flexibility and a value systemD.practicality and rationalityPriscilla Ouchida“s “energy-efficient“ house turned out to be a horrible dream. When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago, they built a $100,00
21、0, three-bedroom home in California. Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks, the house was equipped with small double-paned windows and several other energy-saving features. Problems began as soon as the couple moved in, however. Priscilla“s eyes burned. Her throat was constantly dry. She suffered from
22、 headaches and could hardly sleep. It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness. Experts finally traced the cause of her illness. The level of formaldehyde gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers. The source of the gas? Her new kitc
23、hen cabinets and wall-to-wall carpeting. The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution, which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nation“s drive to save energy. The problem itself isn“t new. “The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along,“ says Mo
24、schandreas, a pollution scientist at Geomet Technologies in Maryland. “Energy conservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases.“ The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones. Back in the days when energy was cheap, home builders didn“t w
25、orry much about unsealed cracks. Because of such leaks, the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour. As a result, the pollutants generated in most households seldom build up to dangerous levels.（分数：25.00）(1).It can be learned from the passage that the Ouchidas“ ho
26、use _.（分数：5.00）A.is well worth the money spent on its constructionB.is almost faultless from the point of energy conservationC.failed to meet energy conservation standardsD.was designed and constructed in a scientific way(2).What made the Ouchidas“ new house a horrible dream?（分数：5.00）A.Lack of fresh
27、 air.B.Poor quality of building materials.C.Gas leakage in the kitchen.D.The newly painted walls.(3).The word “accentuate“ (Line 4, Para.3) most probably means “_“.（分数：5.00）A.relieveB.accelerateC.worsenD.improve(4).Why were cracks in old houses not a big concern?（分数：5.00）A.Because indoor cleanliness
28、 was not emphasized.B.Because energy used to be inexpensive.C.Because environmental protection was given top priority.D.Because they were technically unavoidable.(5).This passage is most probably taken from an article entitled “_“.（分数：5.00）A.Energy ConservationB.Houses Building CrisisC.Air Pollution
29、 IndoorsD.Traps in Building ConstructionWe can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular“ coffee, and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one poi
30、nt, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity, and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while, people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).
31、 The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for
32、 new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military? Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A
33、marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections. Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality impr
34、ovement as one way to recapture world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.（分数：25.00）(1).According to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will _.（分数：5.00）A.decrease gr
35、aduallyB.remain at the same levelC.become unstableD.improve enormously(2).The first paragraph tells us that a new product is _.（分数：5.00）A.not easily accepted by the publicB.often inferior to old ones at firstC.often more expensive than old onesD.usually introduced to satisfy different tastes(3).Mark
36、eters need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to _.（分数：5.00）A.promote its productionB.work out marketing policiesC.speed up its life cycleD.increase its popularity(4).The author mentions the example of “backpacks“ (Line 4, Para.2) to show the importance of _.（分数：5.00）A.pleasing t
37、he young as well as the oldB.increasing usage among studentsC.exploring new market sectionsD.serving both military and civil needs(5).In order to recover their share of the world market, U.S. auto makers are _.（分数：5.00）A.improving product qualityB.increasing product featuresC.modernizing product sty
38、leD.re-positioning their product in the market考研英语(二)-23 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs an
39、d even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable
40、in the domestic setting. One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train it. Obedience training doesn“t solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effe
41、ctive communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,“ it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top
42、 dog or leader of the pack by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich y
43、our relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.（分数：25.00）(1).Behavior problems of dogs are believed to _.（分数：5.00）A.be lust part of their nature B.worsen in modern soci
44、etyC.occur when they go wildD.present a threat to the community解析：(2).The primary purpose of obedience training is to _.（分数：5.00）A.teach the dog to perform clever tricksB.make the dog aware of its owner“s authorityC.provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior D.enable the dog to regain its no
45、rmal behavior解析：(3).Effective communication between a dog and its owner is _.（分数：5.00）A.essential to solving the dog“s behavior problemsB.the foundation for dogs to perform tasks C.a good way to teach the dog new tricksD.an extreme measure in obedience training解析：(4).Why do pet dogs love performing
46、tricks for their masters?（分数：5.00）A.To avoid being punished.B.To show their affection for their masters.C.To win leadership of the dog pack.D.To show their willingness to obey. 解析：(5).When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner _.（分数：5.00）A.can give the dog more rewardsB.will enj
47、oy a better family lifeC.can give the dog more freedom D.will have more confidence in himself解析：Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical enginee
48、r and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But that“s not what I did. I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university that doesn“t even offer a ma
49、jor in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren“t studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed the
