1、考研英语(二)-4 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.Public image refers to how a company is viewed by its customers, suppliers, and stockholders, by the fin
2、ancial community, by the communities U U 1 /U /Uit operates, and by federal and local governments. Public image is controllable U U 2 /U /Uconsiderable extent, just as the product, price, place, and promotional efforts are.A firms public image plays a vital role in the U U 3 /U /Uof the firm and its
3、 products to employees, customers, and to such outsiders U U 4 /U /Ustockholders, suppliers, creditors, government officials, as well as U U 5 /U /Uspecial groups. With some things it is impossible to U U 6 /U /Uall the diverse publics: for example, a new highly automated plant may meet the approval
4、 of creditors and stockholders, U U 7 /U /Uit will undoubtedly find U U 8 /U /Ufrom employees who see their jobs U U 9 /U /U. On the other hand, high-quality products and service standards should bring almost complete approval, U U 10 /U /Ulow-quality products and U U 11 /U /Uclaims would be widely
5、looked down upon.A firms public image, if it is good, should be treasured and protected. It is a valuable U U 12 /U /Uthat usually is built up over a long and satisfying relationship of a firm with publics. If a firm has learned a quality image, this is not easily U U 13 /U /Uor imitated by competit
6、ors. Such an image may enable a firm to U U 14 /U /Uhigher prices, to win the best distributors and dealers, to attract the best employees, to expect the most U U 15 /U /Ucreditor relationships and lowest borrowing costs. It should also allow the firms stock to command higher price-earnings U U 16 /
7、U /Uthan other firms in the same industry with such a good reputation and public image.A number of factors affect the public image of a corporation. U U 17 /U /Uinclude physical U U 18 /U /U, contacts of outsiders U U 19 /U /Ucompany employees, product quality and dependability, prices U U 20 /U /Ut
8、o competitors, customer service, the kind of advertising and the media and programs used, and the use of public relations and publicity.（分数：10.00）(1). A. which B. what C. where D. whom（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2). A. in B. within C. on D. to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3). A. attraction B. attachment C. affection D. g
9、eneralization（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4). A. and B. with C. as D. for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5). A. converse B. diverse C. reverse D. universe（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6). A. satisfy B. treat C. amuse D. entertain（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7). A. so B. then C. thus D. but（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8). A. support B. identification C. comp
10、liment D. resistance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9). A. ensured B. promoted C. threatened D. unemployed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10). A. because B. while C. though D. when（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11). A. false B. fake C. artificial D. counterfeit（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12). A. fortune B. asset C. possession D. property（分数：0.50）A.B
11、.C.D.(13). A. countered B. defeated C. repelled D. compelled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14). A. pay B. get C. order D. charge（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15). A. favorite B. prosperous C. favorable D. prospective（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16). A. rate B. ratio C. ration D. interest（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17). A. These B. They C. That
12、D. It（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18). A. appliances B. equipment C. devices D. facilities（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19). A. on B. with C. in D. along（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20). A. relative B. related C. reliable D. reconcilable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BSection Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPart A/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BText 1/B(总题数：1，分数：10
13、.00)The domestic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkably vigorous and steady fashion. The revival in consumer confidence was reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A paralle
14、l strengthening in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-up rate of plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses for inventory. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the year as a whole
15、, consumer and business sentiment benefited from the ease in East-West tensions.The bases of the business expansion were to be found mainly in the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover, the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control o
16、f production efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a strong expansion. In addition, the economic policy moves made by the President had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Finally, of course,
17、the economy was able to grow as vigorously as it did because sufficient leeway (余地) existed in terms of idle men and machines.The United States balance of payments (国际收支差额) deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless, by any other test, the deficit remained very large. While the overall trade performance
18、 proved disappointing, there are still good reasons for expecting the delayed impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of the Japanese component of our trade deficit, however, the outcome will depend importantly on the extent of the co
19、rrective measures undertaken by Japan.The underlying task of public policy for the year aheadand indeed for the longer runremained a familiar one: to strike the right balance between encouraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures. With the economy showing sustained and vigor
20、ous growth, and with the currency crisis highlighting the need to improve our competitive posture internationally, the emphasis seemed to be shifting to the problem of inflation. The Phase Three Program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation.（分数：10.00）(1).The stability of t
21、he bond market is mentioned in the first paragraph so as to _. A. show the strength of the stock market B. manifest the publics trust in the economic situation C. reveal the ease in East-West tensions D. indicate the higher proportion of incomes spent for commodities（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).We may learn
22、 from paragraph 2 that it centers on _. A. the causes of the Americas economic expansion B. the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies C. the restoration of sounder liquidity positions D. the Presidents economic policy moves（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The authors attitude toward the decline of the U.S. b
23、alance of payments deficit can be summarized as _. A. depressed B. optimistic C. objective D. impartial（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the author, what should public policy aim at in the years to come? A. Encouraging healthy economic growth. B. Avoiding inflationary pressures. C. Reducing inflatio
24、n. D. Striking a balance between A and B.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).About the Phase Three program, all of the followings are true EXCEPT _. A. its designed for wage and price restraint B. it may serve to solve the problem of inflation C. it helps encourage healthy economic growth D. it helps avoid inflati
25、onary pressures（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BText 2/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so eas
26、y to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as unchangeable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21 st century, the sub
27、stantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be “beyond dispute“.We can safely say, with a few minor exceptions, that the definition o
28、f the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1960s. The role distinction lasted throughout this period, appealing for its justification to nature, religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time. The woman
29、 bore children and took care of the home. The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family, by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary.The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes. Any overlapping or confusion between
30、 the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored (由来已久的) order of things. It was felt to be against nature, a deviation from the norm.Sex roles were determined according to the “Uplace/U“ appropriate to each. Womens place was, first and foremost, in the home. The outside world, i.e. workshops, fa
31、ctories and business firms, belonged to men. This sex-based division of the world (private and public) gave rise to a strict dichotomy (对立) between the attitudes, which conferred on each its special identity. The woman, sequestered at home, “cared, nurtured and conserved“. To do this, she had no nee
32、d to be daring, ambitious, tough or competitive. The man, on the other hand, competing with his fellow men, was caught up every day in the struggle for survival, and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man.Today, many women go out to work, and their reasons for doin
33、g so have changed considerably. Besides the traditional financial incentives, we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances, and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all, for all women, wo
34、rk is invariably connected with the desire for independence.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, which of the following statements is NOT true? A. The definition of the sexes varies according to scientific and ideological development. B. Human beings nature may be changed socially and biologically.
35、C. The functions and responsibilities of the sexes are undoubtedly unchangeable. D. The organization of a society is influenced by the definition and distinction of the sexes.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _. A. the identity of the sexes used to be deemed easy
36、to define B. the progress in certain sciences is challenging the traditional definition about the sexes C. the definition about each sex was considered as “beyond dispute“ nearly twenty years ago. D. how to identify the sexes was considered hard in the past（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Judging from the conte
37、xt, the word “place“ (Line 1, Para.4) most probably means _. A. dwelling place B. working place C. social class D. physiological characteristics（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following does NOT belong to the emerging reasons for women going out to work? A. personal fulfillment B. the wish to get
38、freed from domestic chores C. the desire for independence D. financial motives（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text? A. The traditional definitions of the sexes. B. The influence of the definition of the sexes on social organization. C. The evoluti
39、on of the definition of the sexes. D. The improvement of womens social status.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BText 3/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration (报酬) rose
40、, taxes in the highest income bracket went down. Millionaires are now commonplace.Amiability (和蔼可亲) is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the boss s job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates a
41、lthough the man with many enemies will be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the company he worries about. His business savvy (机智) is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of his company and the industry, so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase. At the very topand on the way up e
42、xecutives are exceedingly dedicated.The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual. Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has l
43、ittle time for such pursuits. His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields. Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.These days, he probably attempts some form of Uaerobic exercise/U to “keep the old heart in sh
44、ape“ and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running. But his doctors warning to “take it easy“ falls on deaf ears. He likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.Corporate he
45、ad-hunting, carried on by “executive search finns“, is a growing industry. America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each others managerial ranks.（分数：10.00）(1).We can infer from the second paragraph that _. A. p
46、romotion depends on amiability B. chief executives do not work hard enough at the top level C. it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his subordinates D. a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the industry（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The term “aerobic
47、 exercise“ (Line 1, Para.4) is a kind of _. A. hallucination (幻觉) exercise B. physical exercise C. meditation exercise D. entertainment（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).For executives, a golf course is a place where _. A. they can conduct their business B. they can indulge themselves C. they can cultivate their mind D. they can exercise as well as socialize（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Executives tend to ignore doctors advice and warnings. B. Executives
