1、考研英语-194 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)College sports in the United States are a huge deal. Almost all major American universities have football, baseball, basketball and hockey programs, andU (1) /Umillions of dollars each year to sports. Most of them earn millionsU (2)
2、 /Uas well, in television revenues, sponsorships. They also benefitU (3) /Ufrom the added publicity they get via their teams. Big-name universitiesU (4) /Ueach other in the most popular sports. Football games at Michigan regularlyU (5) /Ucrowds of over 20, 000. Basketballs national collegiate champi
3、onship game is a TVU (6) /Uon a par with any other sporting event in the United States,U (7) /Uperhaps the Super Bowl itself. At any given time during fall or winter one canU (8) /Uones TV set and see the top athletic programs from schools like Michigan, UCLA, Duke and Stanford U (9) /Uin front of p
4、acked houses and national TV audiences.The athletes themselves areU (10) /Uand provided with scholarships. College coaches identifyU (11) /Uteenagers and then go into high schools toU (12) /Uthe countrys best players to attend their universities. There are strict rules aboutU (13) /Ucoaches can recr
5、uit no recruiting calls after 9 p. m., only one official visit to a campus but they are often bent and sometimesU (14) /U. Top college football programsU (15) /Uscholarships to 20 or 30 players each year, and those student-athletes, when they arriveU (16) /Ucampus, receive free housing, tuition, mea
6、ls, books, etc.In return, the playersU (17) /Uthe program in their sport. Football players at top collegesU (18) /Utwo hours a day, four days a week from January to April. In summer, its back to strength and agility training four days a week until mid-August, when campU (19) /Uand preparation for th
7、e opening of the September-to-December season beginsU (20) /U. During the season, practices last two or three hours a day from Tuesday to Friday. Saturday is game day. Mondays are an officially mandated day of rest.（分数：10.00）A.attributeB.distributeC.devoteD.attachA.outB.byC.inD.backA.apparentlyB.ind
8、irectlyC.regularlyD.greatlyA.compete forB.compete inC.compete againstD.compete overA.drawB.amuseC.governD.handleA.spectatorB.spectacleC.spectrumD.speculationA.saveB.includingC.evenD.andA.flick onB.flap atC.fling awayD.flush outA.fightingB.campaigningC.battlingD.contestingA.recruitedB.reconciledC.rec
9、tifiedD.reservedA.promisingB.pleasingC.prominentD.professionalA.contriveB.convinceC.convertD.convictA.whichB.whatC.howD.whetherA.ignoredB.neglectedC.rememberedD.noticedA.offerB.affordC.prizeD.rewardA.inB.onC.atD.aroundA.commit themselves toB.commit themselves onC.commute themselves toD.comply themse
10、lves toA.work inB.work outC.work overD.work offA.recallsB.enlistsC.convenesD.collectsA.in principleB.in confidenceC.in nameD.in earnest二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BText 1/BIn the relationship of education to business we observe today a fine state of paradox. On the one hand, the emphasis which m
11、ost business places upon a college degree is so great that one can almost visualize the time when even the office boy will have his baccalaureate. On the other hand, we seem to preserve the belief that some deep intellectual chasm separates the businessman from other products of the university syste
12、m. The notion that business people are quite the Philistines sounds absurd. For some reason, we tend to characterize vocations by stereotypes, none too flattering but nonetheless deeply imbedded in the national conscience. In the cast of characters the businessman comes on stage as a ill-mannered an
13、d simple-minded person. It is not a pleasant conception and no more truthful or less unpleasant than our other stereotypes.Business is made up of people with all kinds of backgrounds, all kinds of motivations, and all kinds of tastes, just as in any other form of human endeavour. Businessmen are not
14、 mobile balance sheets and profit statements, but perfectly normal human beings, subject to whatever strengths, frailties, and limitations characterize man on the earth. They are people grouped together in organizations designed to complement the weakness of one with strength of another, tempering t
15、he exuberance of the young with the caution of the more mature, the poetic soarings of one mind with the counting house realism of another. Any disfigurement which society may suffer will come from man himself, not from the particular vocation to which he devotes his time.Any group of people necessa
16、rily represents an approach to a common one, and it is probably true that even individually they tend to conform somewhat to the general pattern. Many have pointed out the danger of engulfing our original thinkers in a tide of mediocrity. Conformity is not any more prevalent or any more exacting in
17、the business field than it is in any other. It is a characteristic of all organizations of whatever nature. The fact is the large business unit provides greater opportunities for individuality and requires less in the way of conformity than other institutions of comparable size the government, or th
18、e academic world, or certainly the military.（分数：10.00）(1).The paradox in the relationship of education to business is that（分数：2.00）A.businessmen are both unmindful of history and sophisticated in it.B.businessmen show both contempt and respect for noble activities.C.there are both highly intellectua
19、l and uneducated businessmen.D.there are both noticeable similarities and differences between businessmen and intellectuals.(2).The word “Philistines“ (Line 5, Para. 1) most probably means（分数：2.00）A.intellectuals.B.those who are sophisticated.C.those who are ungraceful.D.those who are uneducated.(3)
20、.There isnt a stereotyped businessman because（分数：2.00）A.businessmen represent a cross section of society.B.businessmen are not ordinary people.C.businessmen are people with strong personality.D.there is considerable mobility in the vocation.(4).According to the text, the distortion of the image of t
21、he businessmen is the result of（分数：2.00）A.prevalent egoism among businessmen.B.sheer misunderstanding from others.C.racial discrimination.D.the fierce social competition.(5).According to the last paragraph, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.People in all vocations are unwilling to conform to
22、 a general pattern.B.Conformity is a special characteristic of business.C.Businessmen are all original thinkers.D.Businessmen are provided with greater opportunities than people in other professions.BText 2/BWherever people have been, they have left waste behind, which can cause all sorts of problem
23、s. Waste often stinks, attracts vermin and creates eyesores. More seriously, it can release harmful chemicals into the soil and water when dumped, or into the air when burned. And then there are some really nasty forms of industrial waste, such as spent nuclear fuel, for which no universally accepte
24、d disposal methods have thus far been developed.Yet many also see waste as an opportunity. Getting rid of it all has become a huge global business. Rich countries spend some $120 billion a year disposing of their municipal waste alone and another $150 billion on industrial waste. The amount of waste
25、 that countries produce tends to grow in tandem with their economies, and especially with the rate of urbanization. So waste firms see a rich future in places such as China, India and Brazil, which at present spend only about $5 billion a year collecting and treating their municipal waste.Waste also
26、 presents an opportunity in a grander sense: as a potential resource. Much of it is already burned to generate energy. Clever new technologies to turn it into fertiliser or chemicals or fuel are being developed all the time. Visionaries see a world without waste, with rubbish being routinely recycle
27、d.Until last summer such views were spreading quickly. But since then plummeting prices for virgin paper, plastic and fuels, and hence also for the waste that substitutes for them, have put an end to such visions. Many of the recycling firms that had argued rubbish was on the way out now say that un
28、less they are given financial help, they themselves will disappear.Subsidies are a bad idea. Governments have a role to play in the business of waste management, but it is a regulatory and supervisory one. They should oblige people who create waste to clean up after themselves and ideally ensure tha
29、t the price of any product reflects the cost of disposing of it safely. That would help to signal which items are hardest to get rid of, giving consumers an incentive to buy goods that create less waste in the first place.That may sound simple enough, but governments seldom get the rules right. In p
30、oorer countries they often have no rules at all, or if they have them they fail to enforce them. In rich countries they are often inconsistent: too strict about some sorts of waste and worryingly lax about others. They are also prone to imposing arbitrary targets and taxes. California, for example,
31、wants to recycle all its trash not because it necessarily makes environmental or economic sense but because the goal of “zero waste” sounds politically attractive.（分数：10.00）(1).Whats the main idea of the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Waste is everywhere.B.Waste is very harmful.C.Waste should be treated
32、 universally.D.Waste can be an opportunity.(2).Waste firms expect a great development in China, India and Brazil because（分数：2.00）A.those economies have a large amount of waste to be treated.B.those economies develop fast but spend little on waste business.C.those economies welcome waste firms to run
33、 business there.D.those economies pay more attention to environmental protection.(3).Many recycling firms are disappointed now for the reason that（分数：2.00）A.clever new technologies are updating too quickly to bring any profit.B.they will have no resources to use in a world without waste in the futur
34、e.C.low prices for recycling products leave little margin to make money.D.governments are reluctant to give financial help to survive the crisis.(4).According to the authors ideal, products with high prices（分数：2.00）A.would be hard to be disposed of.B.should be really valuable.C.would create less was
35、te.D.should be in strict regulation.(5).Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Rich countries might help poor countries to treat the waste.B.Californias “zero waste” program makes no environmental sense.C.More taxes are needed to collect and treat the waste efficie
36、ntly.D.Governments policies on waste industry are largely incoherent.BText 3/BEvery second in the United States alone, more than 250 animals are slaughtered for food, adding up to more than 8 billion animals each year. Reducing the amount of meat in ones diet is nutritionally, environmentally, and e
37、thically beneficial.People who eat meat usually have weaker immune systems compared to those of vegetarians. Meat has been directly linked to diabetes, obesity, arthritis, and many other illnesses. Furthermore, meat-eaters are at a higher risk for diseases, including cancer, and they are more likely
38、 to die from these diseases. Critics say that a meatless diet does not provide enough nutrients, especially protein and iron. Actually, according to A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian, by Judy Krizmanic, protein is found in almost every food, and iron appears in many vegetables. Getting enough nutrie
39、nts in a meat-reduced diet should not be difficult. A 1988 study found that some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat and eggs. Diets including more fruits and vegetables will only make people healthier.Some skeptics believe that there will be a shortage of food if animals are not eaten.
40、 In fact, the opposite is true. More than 80% of the corn and 95% of the oats grown in the US are fed to livestock. The worlds cattle alone consume enough food to equal the caloric needs of 8.7 billion people, more than the entire human population. One half of the water used in the Unites States als
41、o goes to livestock; 2.50 gallons of water produces only 1 pound of beef. If people eat less meat and more plants, the amount of available food will increase.Many people become vegetarians because they feel that eating animals is unethical. 90% of these animals are raised in confinement. Chickens an
42、d other birds have only about half. a square foot of space each, and since they are raised so close together, a hot blade is used to cut off their beaks to prevent them from pecking each other to death. Likewise, pigs that are repressed will bite each others tails, so both their teeth and tails are
43、removed as soon as they are born.Eating animals is hazardous in numerous ways. Even a slight reduction in meat intake is better than nothing at all. Consuming less meat is beneficial to the health of animals, the health of people, and to the health of the world.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following i
44、s true according to A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian?（分数：2.00）A.A diet without meat cannot supply enough protein.B.Nearly all the food we eat contains protein.C.Its difficult to get enough nutrients in a meatless diet.D.Some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat.(2).In the third paragrap
45、h, the author implies that（分数：2.00）A.food will be insufficient if animals are not eaten.B.lots of food and water are consumed by cattle.C.a meat-reduced diet is environmentally beneficial.D.animals are raised for human food.(3).Why do some people become vegetarians?（分数：2.00）A.Because they want to de
46、velop a strong immune system.B.Because some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat.C.Because fruits and vegetables contain more nutrients.D.Because they consider eating animals as unethical.(4).Chickens and pigs are cited as examples to show that（分数：2.00）A.raising livestock is unethical.B.
47、eating animals is unethical.C.livestock is confined to a very small space.D.being a vegetarian is beneficial to animals health.(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.The Advantages of Eating Less MeatB.Why People Become VegetarianC.Environment and Meatless DietD.S
48、aving Cattle and ChickensBText 4/BAnyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most ke
49、ep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers.Its not quite that simple. “Kids can be given the opportunities to bec
