1、考研英语-354 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There are many reasons why food fads have continued to flourish. Garlic has long been touted (兜售) as an essential ingredient of physical prowess (能力) and as a flu (1) , squash has been thought by some to cure digestive disorders
2、, and red pepper has been (2) to promote endurance. The natural human desire for a simple solution to a difficult problem (3) the stage for promoting miraculous potions (饮剂), pills and combination of chemicals. The (4) individuals who eagerly embrace any second-hand information with scientific overt
3、ones (暗示) provide the foundation for healthy business enterprises.A person who has never crossed the (5) of a health food store may be astonished, (6) or overjoyed. Countless elixirs (万应灵), herbs, powders and other fascinating extracts are only a (7) of the high-profit selection. The available liter
4、ature includes pamphlets extolling (赞扬) the amazing return of youth one can (8) while drinking a potion filled with tropical weeds, as well as volumes (9) the reader of an almost (10) longevity.The store is directly keyed to arouse visitors (11) over their health and to (12) on real and imagined pro
5、blems by offering solutions that, (13) , cost more than the customers may be able to (14) Health food store patrons are often cajoled (劝诱) into buying tonics (补药) that promise to make the functioning of healthy organs even better, (15) whether an improvement is (16) for. Promotion of expensive produ
6、cts that consumers do not actually need takes (17) initiative and insight. (18) occasion, there may even be some slight (19) for truth in an entrepreneurs (20) to cure customer of illsfor a price.（分数：10.00）A.remedyB.medicationC.therapyD.recipeA.allegedB.suspectedC.speculatedD.acclaimedA.laysB.takesC
7、.settlesD.setsA.credibleB.susceptibleC.intelligibleD.discreetA.boundaryB.entranceC.inventoryD.thresholdA.bewilderedB.terrifiedC.mystifiedD.scaredA.factorB.branchC.divisionD.fractionA.anticipateB.aspireC.longD.predictA.ensuringB.assuringC.reassuringD.insuringA.prospectiveB.promisingC.eternalD.eminent
8、A.enthusiasmB.considerationC.distressD.concernA.capitalizeB.profitC.investD.exploitA.incidentallyB.accidentallyC.subsequentlyD.consequentlyA.acceptB.accessC.offerD.affordA.in spite ofB.regardless ofC.so as toD.in view ofA.answeredB.accountedC.caredD.calledA.optimumB.optionalC.considerableD.considera
9、teA.InB.AtC.FromD.OnA.disregardB.contemptC.ignoranceD.disguiseA.zealB.exaggerationC.exertionD.obsession二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)At the ceremony at Yale University in 1983, several honorary degrees were awarded, including one to Mother Teresa.
10、As she and other humanitarians and scholars, each in turn, received their awards, the audience applauded appropriately but with a slight hint of reserve and impatience, for it wished to give its heart to the final recipient who waited shyly in the wings. As the details of her achievements were being
11、 recounted, many people left their seats and surged toward the stage to be closer to the great woman. And when the name Meryl Streep was announced, the audience unleashed a sonic boom of affection to wake the New Haven dead. One man who was present when Bob Hope received his honorary doctorate at an
12、other institution said that Dr. Streeps applause surpassed Dr. Hopes. Knowing how to please a crowd as well as anyone, the intellectual leaders at Yale invited Dick Cavett, the talk-show host, to deliver the commencement address the following year. It is rumored that this year, Don Rickles will rece
13、ive a Doctorate of Humane Letters and Lola Falana will give the commencement address.Prior to the 1984 presidential elections, the two candidates confronted each other on television in what were called “debates.“ These events were not in the least like the Lincoln-Douglas debates or anything else th
14、at goes by the name. Each candidate was given five minutes to address such questions as, What is (or would be) your policy in Central America? His opposite number was then given one minute for a rebuttal. In such circumstances, complexity, documentation and logic can play no role, and, indeed, on se
15、veral occasions syntax itself was abandoned entirely. It is no matter. The men were less concerned with giving arguments than with “giving off“ impressions, which is what television does best. Post-debate commentary largely avoided any evaluation of the candidates ideas, since there were none to eva
16、luate. Instead, the debates were conceived as boxing matches, the relevant question being, Who KOd whom? The answer was determined by the “style“ of the menhow they looked, fixed their gaze, smiled, and delivered one-liners. In the second debate, President Reagan got off a swell one-liner when asked
17、 a question about his age. The following day, several newspapers indicated that Ron had KOd Fritz with his joke. Thus, the leader of the free world is chosen by the people in the Age of Television.What all of this means is that our culture has moved toward a new way of conducting its business, espec
18、ially its important business. The nature of its discourse is changing as the demarcation line between what is show business and what is not becomes harder to see with each passing day. Our priests and presidents, our surgeons and lawyers, our educators and newscasters need worry less about satisfyin
19、g the demands of their discipline than the demands of good showmanship. Had Irving Berlin changed one word in the title of his celebrated song, he would have been as prophetic, albeit more terse, as Aldous Huxley. He need only have written, Theres No Business But Show Business.（分数：10.00）(1).It can b
20、e inferred that Meryl Streep（分数：2.00）A.must have made greater contribution than Mother Teresa.B.must be the most distinguished guest invited by Yale University.C.must be a well-known personality in the show business.D.must be a shy person so that people seldom see her.(2).Which of the following peop
21、le is not in the show business?（分数：2.00）A.Don Rickles.B.Lola Falana.C.Bob Hope.D.Aldous Huxley.(3).The most important element in a presidential candidates debate is（分数：2.00）A.ideas and insight.B.logical presentation.C.forceful argument.D.leaving impressions.(4).The world has become one in which（分数：2
22、.00）A.all that matters is showmanship.B.there is no order and discipline.C.everyone is enchanted by television.D.none knows his mission in the world.(5).The text is organized mainly by means of（分数：2.00）A.causal relationship.B.exemplification.C.comparison.D.contrast.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The sudden
23、, dramatic explosion in value of online social media sites like Facebook and Twitter is reminiscent of the rise, about 15 years ago, of the online businesses that created the “dotcom bubble. “ The Internet was far less widely used than it is today. Still, visionaries saw the potential for the Intern
24、et we have today, so virtual companies sprung up and grew like weeds as investors threw money their way. Some, like Google and Amazon, developed an enduring online presence and lasting financial value. But far too many quickly lost value when it became apparent that their rapid growth wasnt yielding
25、 revenue.So, how much is Facebooks network of users really worth? The potential is clearwhen so many people are gathered in one virtual place, offering so much personal information about themselves, they create an unprecedented platform for targeted advertising. Or they would, if they were on the ne
26、twork to shop. When eBay and Amazon suggest products to their customers, theyre talking to people whove already proven that theyre interested in buying similar products. People go on Facebook for a variety of reasons-to catch up with old friends, share pictures, make new acquaintances, and talk, som
27、etimes endlessly, about themselves. Whether theyll appreciate having their virtual conversations interrupted by advertising, targeted or not, remains unclear.Its also unclear whether Facebook will actually be able to share information about its users browsing habits with advertisers. Complaints abou
28、t the ineffectiveness of Facebooks privacy policies have arisen in multiple countries, part of a larger social concern about how private information gets used on line. In December, the Federal Trade Commission issued a proposed framework that, among other things, would permit Facebook users to block
29、 advertisers from accessing information about their online interests. If that framework is implemented and widely used by Facebook subscribers, it could seriously impair the sites value as a potential platform for targeted marketing.What is clear is that Goldman Sachs has a significant interest in F
30、acebooks financial value, at least for the short term. Goldman Sachs decision to invest heavily in Facebook has had some interesting impacts. For one thing, the investment has allowed Facebook an opportunity to postpone issuing an IPO. That means that, at least for the moment, Facebook doesnt yet ha
31、ve to disclose its finances or publicly address investor complaints.Goldman Sachs investment also puts the firm in an ideal position to handle Facebooks IPO when it eventually is issued, perhaps sometime next year. That, of course, has the potential to generate substantial revenues for Goldman Sachs
32、 clients. Googles 2004 IPO raised an initial $1.2 billion for the company. After all the propaganda, Facebooks IPO can hardly be expected to raise less. However, there remains a significant question as to whether Facebooks potential for generating income is more virtual than real. If it turns out th
33、at Facebook cant live up to its potential for generating advertising revenue, venture capitalists who invest for the long term may get burned.（分数：10.00）(1).The text is written to answer the question（分数：2.00）A.Will the social media be the next dotcom bubble?B.Does Goldman Sachs really want to invest
34、in Facebook?C.When will it be the right time for Facebook to issue its IPO?D.What lessons can we learn from the ups and downs of social media?(2).Companies like Amazon and Facebook earn their money by（分数：2.00）A.luring more visitors to their sites.B.providing easily accessible services.C.attracting a
35、dvertisements.D.offering a platform for free conversations.(3).One dilemma faced by social media like Facebook is that（分数：2.00）A.its customers often exchange private information on it.B.advertisers often interrupt its customers conversations.C.the FTC threatens to limit its service with new regulati
36、ons.D.the users private information is misused by advertisers.(4).Goldman Sachs investment is a good thing to Facebook because（分数：2.00）A.Facebook is now finding itself short of money.B.venture investment is safer than issuing an IPO.C.it gives Facebook more time for propaganda.D.Facebook does not ha
37、ve to make its finances public yet.(5).The dot-com bubble demonstrates that（分数：2.00）A.Facebook will generate substantial profits for its investors.B.potential profits assigned to dotcom firms dont always materialize.C.no dotcom companies can ripe any revenues from issuing their IPO.D.Facebook will c
38、ertainly disappoint its investors in the long run.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In most peoples mind, growth is associated with prosperity. We judge how well the economy is doing by the size of the Gross National Product (GNP), a measure, supposedly, of growth. Equally axiomatic:, however, is the notion t
39、hat increased pressure on dwindling natural resources must inevitably lead to a decline in prosperity, especially when accompanied by a growth in population. So, which is correct?What growth advocates mean, primarily, when they say growth is necessary for prosperity is that growth is necessary for t
40、he smooth functioning of the economic system. In one arena the argument in favor of growth is particularly compelling and that is with regard to the Third World. To argue against growth, other than population growth, in light of Third World poverty and degradation seems callous. But is it? Could it
41、be that growth, especially the growth of the wealthier countries, has contributed to the impoverishment, not the advancement, of Third World countries? If not, how do we account for the desperate straits these countries find themselves in today after a century of dedication to growth?To see how this
42、 might be the case we must look at the impact of growth on Third World countries the reality, not the abstract stages-of-economic-growth theory advocated through rose-colored glasses by academicians of the developed world. What good is growth to the people of the Third World if it means the conversi
43、on of peasant farms into mechanized agribusinesses producing commodities not for local consumption but for export, if it means the stripping of their land of its mineral and other natural treasures to the benefit of foreign investors and a handful of their local collaborators, if it means the assump
44、tion of a crush ing foreign indebtedness, the proceeds of which goes not into the development of the country but into the purchase of expensive cars and the buying of luxurious residence in Miami?Admittedly, this is an oversimplification. But the point, I believe, remains valid: that growth in under
45、developed countries cannot simply be judged in the abstract; it must be judged based on the true nature of growth in these societies, on who benefits and who is harmed, on where growth is leading these people and where it has left them. When considered in this way, it just might be that in the prese
46、nt context growth is more detrimental to the well-being of the wretched of the earth than beneficial.So, do we need growth for prosperity? Only the adoption of zero growth can provide the answer. But that is a test not easily undertaken. Modern economies are incredibly complex phenomena, a tribute t
47、o mans ability to organize and a challenge to his ability to understand. Anything that affects their functioning, such as a policy of zero growth, should not be proposed without a wary prudence and a self-doubting humility. But if the prospect of leaping into the economic unknown is fear-inspiring,
48、equally so is the prospect of letting that fear prevent us from acting when the failure to act could mean untold misery for future generations and perhaps environmental catastrophes which threaten our very existence.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements does the author support?（分数：2.00）A.G
49、ross National Product is a safe measure for economic growth.B.Diminishing natural resources will prove harmful to the well-being of humanity.C.A decline in prosperity will inevitably lead to a growth in population.D.Growth in population will be a chief threat to economic prosperity.(2).It is implied in Paragraphs 2 and 3 that（分数：2.00）A.the smooth functioning of the economic system is dependent on sustained prosperity.B.economic growth have not relieved the poverty of the Third World countries.C.growth in richer countries is achieved at the expense of th
