1、考研英语-78 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.The fact that blind people can “see“ things using other parts of their bodies apart from their eyes may he
2、lp us to understand our feelings about color. If they canU (1) /Ucolor differences, then perhaps we, too, are affected byU (2) /Uunconsciously. Manufacturers have discovered byU (3) /Uthat sugar sells badly in green wrappings,U (4) /Ublue foods are considered unpleasant, and the cosmetics should nev
3、er be packagedU (5) /Ubrown. These discoveries have grownU (6) /Ua whole discipline of color psychology that now findsU (7) /Uin everything from fashion to interior decoration. Some of ourU (8) /Uare clearly psychological. Dark blue is the color of the night sky andU (9) /Uassociated with passivity
4、and calm, while yellow is a day color withU (10) /Uof energy and incentive. For primitive man, activity during the dayU (11) /Uhunting and attacking, while he soon saw as red, the color of blood and rage and the heat that cameU (12) /Ueffort. And green is associated with passiveU (13) /Uand self pre
5、servation. Experiments haveU (14) /Uthat green, partly bemuse of its physiological associations, also has a direct psychologicalU (15) /U, it is a calming color.U (16) /Uits exciting connotations, red was chosen as the signal for changer,U (17) /Ucloser analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce
6、 aU (18) /Ubasic state of alertness and (19) , so fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are nowU (20) /Uaround in bright yellow colors that stop the traffic dead.（分数：10.00）A.seeB.reckonC.distinguishD.senseA.colorB.whichC.itD.thatA.experimentsB.trial and errorC.factsD.studiesA.that
7、B.whenC.ifD.butA.byB.throughC.inD.withA.intoB.upC.out ofD.atA.advantageB.errorC.shortageD.applicationA.charmsB.thoughtsC.preferencesD.actionsA.muchB.thereforeC.correctlyD.appropriatelyA.associationsB.influencesC.elementsD.characteristicsA.madeB.createdC.looked likeD.meantA.withoutB.despiteC.makingD.
8、withA.offenseB.defenseC.attackD.meaningA.cast lightB.declaredC.shownD.deniedA.effectB.influenceC.affectionD.implicationA.With a view toB.Because ofC.With the intention ofD.In spite ofA.meanwhileB.furthermoreC.moreoverD.butA.moreB.veryC.quiteD.muchA.surpriseB.frightC.alarmD.fearA.runningB.rushingC.mo
9、vingD.driving二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. BText 1/BThe newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, unalloyed, unslanted (不歪曲的), objectivel
10、y selected facts. But in the days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalismto make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as c
11、ommunity news, to recognize that the there is no longer any such thing as “local“ news, bemuse any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very Way of life.There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on in
12、terpretation, you are entering dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense.The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the “facts“. This insistence raises two questions: What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts enough?As to
13、the first query. Consider how a so-called “factual“ story comes about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space allotment being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which
14、 of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece. (This is an important decision bemuse many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph.) This is Judgments Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has larger impact, or
15、 on page twenty-four, where it has little, Judgment Number Three.Thus, in the presentation of a so-called “factual“ or “objective“ story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their
16、 research resources, their general background, and their “news neutralism“ arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather than subjective processesas objective, that is, as any human bein
17、g can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.) if an editor is intent on slanting the news. he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the s
18、election of those facts that prop up(支持)his particular plea. Or he can do it by the play when he gives a story promoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.（分数：10.00）(1).The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_.（分数：2.00）A.“Interpreting the News“B.“Everything Counts“C.“Su
19、bjective Versus Objective Processes“D.“Choosing Facts“(2).Why does the writer of an article select ten out of 50 available facts?（分数：2.00）A.His editor is prejudiced.B.The subject is not important.C.Space is limited.D.Readers would prefer short stones.(3).Why should the lead sentence present the most
20、 important fact?（分数：2.00）A.It will influence the reader to continue.B.It will be the best way to write.C.Some readers do not read beyond the first paragraph.D.It will gratify the editor.(4).What is the LEAST effective way of “slanting“ news?（分数：2.00）A.Interpretation.B.Selection.C.Placement.D.Concent
21、ration.(5).What is the authors attitude toward the interpretation of news?（分数：2.00）A.Approving.B.Concerned.C.Critical,D.Indifferent.BText 2/BMuch of the American anxiety about old age is a flight from the reality of death. One of the striking qualities of the American character is the unwillingness
22、to face either the fact or meaning of death. In the more somber tradition of American literature-from Hawthorne and Melville and Poe to Faulkner and Hemingwayone finds a tragic depth that belies the surface thinness of the ordinary American death attitudes. By an effort of the imagination, the great
23、 writers faced problems that the culture in action is reluctant to facethe fact of death, its mystery, and its place in. the back-and-forth shuttling of the eternal recurrence. The unblinking confrontation of death in Greek time, the elaborate theological patterns woven around it in the Middle Ages,
24、 the ritual celebration of it in the rich, peasant cultures of Latin and Slavic Europe and in primitive cultures; these are difficult to find in American life.Whether through fear of the emotional depths, or because of a drying up of the sluices of religious intensity, the American avoids dwelling o
25、n death or even corning to terms with it; he finds it morbid and recoils from it, surrounding it with word avoidance (Americans never die; they “pass away,“) and various taboos of speech and practice. A “funeral parlor“ is decorated to look like a bank; everything in a funeral ceremony is done in hu
26、shed tones, as if it were something furtive, to be concealed from the world; there is so much emphasis on being dignified that the ceremony often loses its quality of dignity. In some of the primitive cultures, there is difficulty in understanding the muses of death; it seems puzzling and even unint
27、elligible. Living in a scientific culture, Americans have a ready enough explanation of how it comes, yet they show little capacity to come to terms with the fact of death itself and with the grief that accompanies it. “We jubilate over birth and dance at weddings“, writes Margaret Mead, “but more a
28、nd more hustle the death off the scene without ceremony, without an opportunity for young and old to realize that death is as much a fact of life as is birth“. And one may add, even in its hurry and brevity, the last stage of an American s lifethe last occasion of this relation to his societyis as s
29、tandardized as the rest.（分数：10.00）(1).Unwillingness to face death is_.（分数：2.00）A.a characteristic of American societyB.a quality found in all civilizationsC.a quality inherited from our Latin ancestorsD.a striking quality of the American character(2).In the novels of Hawthorne and Melville, one will
30、 find_.（分数：2.00）A.ordinary American death attitudesB.a willingness to accept death as a fact of lifeC.a superficial attitude toward deathD.the foundation of modern American beliefs about death(3).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.In Greek times, people were afra
31、id of facing death.B.In the Middle Ages, death was surrounded by the elaborate theological patterns.C.In primitive cultures, death was celebrated ritually.D.In American life, people hardly mention death.(4).In the authors opinion, American refuse to dwell on the idea of death_（分数：2.00）A.out of fear
32、of the emotional depthsB.because they no longer are intensely religionsC.because they are materialistsD.either A or B(5).Margaret Mead suggests that_.（分数：2.00）A.we should not rejoice at a birthB.we should cry at a birth and rejoice at a funeralC.a wedding should be solemn affairD.death should be acc
33、epted in the same spirit as marriage and birthBText 3/BIn recent years American society has become increasingly dependent on its universities to find solutions to its major problems. It is the universities that have been charged with the principal responsibility for developing the expertise to place
34、 men on the moon; for dealing with our urban problems and with our deteriorating environment; for developing the means to feed the worlds rapidly increasing population. The effort involved in meeting these demands presents its own problems. In addition, this concentration on the creation of new know
35、ledge significantly impinges on the universities efforts to perform their other principal functions, the transmission and interpretation of knowledge the imparting of the heritage of the past and the preparing of the next generation to carry it forward.With regard to this, perhaps their most traditi
36、onally sanctioned task, colleges and universities today find themselves in a serious hind generally. On the one hand, there is the American commitment, entered into especially since WW 1I, to provide higher education for all young people who can profit from it. The result of the commitment has been
37、a dramatic rise in enrollments in our universities, coupled with a radical shift from the private to the public sector of higher education. On the other hand, there are serious and continuing limitations on the resources available for higher education.While higher education has become a great “growt
38、h industry“, it is also simultaneously a tremendous drain on the resources of nation. With the vast increase in enrollment and the shift in priorities away from education in state and federal budgets, there is in most of our public institutions a significant decrease in per capita outlay for their s
39、tudents, one crucial aspect of this drain on resources lies in the persistent shortage of trained faculty, which has led, in rum, to a declining standard of competence in instruction.Intensifying these difficulties is, as indicated above, the concern with research, with its competing claims on resou
40、rces and the attention of the faculty. In addition, there is a strong tendency for the institutions; organization and functioning to conform to the demands of research rather than those of teaching.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage,is the most important function of institutions of higher educat
41、ion.（分数：2.00）A.creating new knowledgeB.providing solutions to social problemsC.making experts on sophisticated industries out of their studentsD.preparing their students to transmit inherited knowledge(2).According to the passage, one of the causes for the difficulties of American higher education i
42、s that_.（分数：2.00）A.the government has stopped giving public institutions as much financial support as it used toB.American had always been encouraging young people to go to collegeC.many public institutions have replaced private onesD.the government only finances such researches as that or placing m
43、an on the moon(3).The phrase “impinge on“ in Paragraph 1 most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.promoteB.rely onC.have an impact onD.block(4).A serious outcome brought out by the shortage of resources is that_.（分数：2.00）A.many public institutions have to cut down enrollment of studentsB.teachers are not qua
44、lified enough for satisfactory performance in classesC.some institutions have to reduce the expenses on researchD.there is competition for resources and attention of faculty between public and private institution(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.American society has failed
45、 to provide these institutions with adequate resources to meet their needs.B.Though in difficulty, these institutions are determined to fulfill both research and teaching functions.C.American society has relied too much on their institutions of higher education to allow them for easy adjustment to a
46、ll their functions.D.More resources and efforts of faculty are needed for research work than teaching work.BText 4/BThe energy crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earths resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The over-deve
47、lopment of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near-destruction of our cities, the broke up of the family, and the pollution not only of local air but also of the earths atmosphere. The disaster has arri
48、ved in the form of the energy crisis.Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. It is also unlike the great natural disasters of the past. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long-range planning is essential. What we need is not a cont
49、inuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss morality and the revelation that lawbreak
