1、考研英语-840 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The term authority refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to give orders and expect the orders to be followed. Authority was a major concept for the classical management writers; they (1) it as the glue that held
2、 an organization together.It was to be delegated (2) to subordinate managers, (3) them certain rights while providing certain specified limits (4) which to operate.Each management position has certain rights that the position holder (5) just bemuse they hold that position. Authority (6) to ones posi
3、tion within an organization and ignores the personal (7) of the individual manager. It has nothing directly (8) the individual (9) flows from the position that the individual holds. When a person (10) a position of authority, he or she no longer has any authority. The authority remains with the posi
4、tion and (11) new holder. When managers delegate authority, commensurate responsibility must be given (12) . That is, when one is given the “right“ to do something, one also (13) a corresponding “obligation“ to (14) . Allocating authority (15) responsibility can create (16) for a person, and no one
5、should be (17) responsible for something (18) which he or she has no authority. Classical writers recognized the (19) of equating authority and responsibility.In (20) ,they stated that only authority could be delegated. They supported this contention by noting that the delegate was held responsible
6、for the actions of the people to whom work had been delegated.（分数：10.00）A.foundB.orderedC.speculatedD.viewedA.downwardB.upwardC.forwardD.backwardA.offerB.conferringC.grudgingD.givingA.insideB.withinC.offD.outsideA.lovesB.likesC.acquiresD.wantsA.sticksB.tendsC.relatesD.intendsA.characteristicsB.featu
7、resC.particularsD.opinionsA.to do withB.concerningC.in relationD.orA.whichB.butC.asD.thatA.stopsB.refusesC.leavesD.withdrawA.withoutB.withC.itsD.aA.eitherB.stillC.practicallyD.as wellA.assumesB.takesC.gainsD.realizesA.haveB.workC.show offD.performA.withB.havingC.withoutD.deprivedA.opportunitiesB.pro
8、blemsC.funD.enjoymentA.regardedB.takenC.madeD.heldA.overB.aboutC.onD.within19A.dangerB.weaknessC.importanceD.connectionA.thatB.senseC.additionD.which二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The most critical time in the life of a human is the very beginningth
9、e first hours after birth. Yet it has been only within the past few years that doctors have recognized that treating a newborn baby like a small child is not the best procedure. This is especially true of “high risk babies“, a term applied to babies that are premature, underweight, or born with majo
10、r organic defects. They need immediate, imaginative, intensive care and observation, not only for survival but also to help circumvent physical problems which may affect the infant for life. Out of this requirement has developed a new branch of medicine called neonatology, which is concerned with th
11、e first three months of life.Dozens of major hospitals throughout the United States have opened newborn intensive care units, directed by neonatologists and employing equipment and techniques devised specially for tiny patients. One of the greatest aids in these units is an “isolette“an electronical
12、ly equipped glass-enclosed incubator with portholes for sterile access to the baby. Inside the isolette, sensors placed on the infant make him look much like a miniature astronaut. The sensors automatically regulate and record the temperature, humidity, and oxygen in this “artificial womb“, as well
13、as signal change or trouble affecting its occupant.In hospitals with newborn intensive care unit, specialists are ready to use their skills as the need arises. They are alerted to pregnancies that may develop complications. For example, if a woman who is pregnant enters the hospital and is under the
14、 age of 18 or over the age of 40, is undernourished or obese, has diabetes, heart or kidney trouble, the neonatologists are advised. The neonatologist often attends the delivery of a baby with the obstetrician, and then rushes the newborn infant into his special care unit. There, within a few minute
15、s, the baby is tested, examined thorougbly, and made ready for treatment or surgery if needed.The most common cause of infant deaths is pre-maturity. In some hospitals it is not unusual to find 8 or 9 “preemies“ (premature infants) in the special care units at one time.In addition to the technical a
16、dvances, the health of the infant depends on an ageless ingredient-love. Nurses are essential members of baby-caving teams. Their job is to rock, to feed, and to fondle the very small patients. Even at this early age, doctors find that lack of love has adverse physical and psychological effects. on
17、the newborn babies.As the number of neonatologists and special care centers has increased, the survival rate for high-risk babies in the United States has risen from about 75 % a few years ago to an impressively high 90% today. Doctors think that the 90% could beincreased if the babies could be brou
18、ght more quickly under the care of a neonatologist. In some hospitals, teams of doctors and nurses can respond to emergencies with portable isolettes which are carried by airplane, helicopter, or ambulance.（分数：10.00）(1).Doctors have recently discovered that_.（分数：2.00）A.newborn babies should be treat
19、ed as small childrenB.newborn babies should be brought quickly under the care of his parentsC.high-risk babies need immediate surgeryD.high-risk babies should brought quickly under the care of a neonatologist(2).According to the passage, all of the following are true about isolette EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）
20、A.it is an electronically equipped glass-enclosed incubator with portholes and sensors insideB.it functions as “artificial womb“C.sensors inside make the baby look like a miniature astronautD.portholes in isolette allow a doctor to regulate the body temperature and oxygen supply of an infant(3).What
21、 is the most common cause of infant deaths?（分数：2.00）A.Prematurity.B.Organic defects.C.Lack of special equipment.D.Lack of artificial wom(4).Besides technical advances, what else is needed for the health of an infant?（分数：2.00）A.Isolette.B.Artificial womb.C.Loving care.D.Newborn intensive care units.(
22、5).The following statements are the reasons why the survival rate for high-risk babies in the United States has risen EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.portable isolettes make emergency treatment of high-risk babies possibleB.high-risk babies cotdd be brought more quickly under the care of a neonatologistC.helicop
23、ters and airplanes are used to provide immediate treatment for high-risk babiesD.special teams of doctors and nurses are assigned to feed, rock, and fondle high-risk babies五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Parents can easily come down with an acute case of schizophrenia from reading the contradictory reports
24、about the state of the public schools. One sat of experts asserts that the schools are better than they have been for years. Others say that the schools are in terrible shape and are responsible for every national problem from urban poverty to the trade deficit. One group of experts looks primarily
25、at such indicators as test scores, and they cheer what they see: all the indicatorsreading scores, minimum competency test results, the Scholastic Aptitude Test scoresare up, some by substantial margins. Students are required to take more academic coursesmore mathematics and science, along with grea
26、ter stress on basic skills, including knowledge of computers. More than 40 state legislatures have mandated such changes.But in the eyes of another set of school reformers such changes are at best superficial and at worst counterproductive. These experts say that merely toughening requirements, with
27、out either improving the quality of instruction or, even more important, changing the way schools are organized and children are taught makes the schools worse rather than better. They challenge the nature of the test, mostly multiple choice or true or false, by which childrens progress is measured;
28、 they charge that raising the test scores by drilling pupils to come up with the right answers does not improve knowledge, understanding and the capacity to think logically and independently. In addition, these critics fear that the get-tough approach to school reform will cause more of the youngste
29、rs at the bottom to give up and drop out. This, they say, may improve national scores but drain even further the nations pool of educated people.The way to cut through the confusion is to understand the different yardsticks used by different observers.Compared with what schools used to be like “in t
30、he good old days“, with lots of drill and uniform requirements, and the expectation that many youngsters who could not make it would drop out and find their way into unskilled jobs-by those yardsticks the schools have measurably improved in recent years.But by the yardsticks of those experts who bel
31、ieve that the old school was deficient in teaching the skills needed in the modem world, today s schools have not become better. These educators believe that rigid new mandates may actually have made the schools worse.（分数：10.00）(1).The assertion of the experts who think schools axe doing better is b
32、ased on the_.（分数：2.00）A.qualification of the teachersB.test scoresC.reading ability of the childrenD.basic skills of the children(2).People who think schools axe not doing any better base their judgment on the_.（分数：2.00）A.non-substantial margins of the scoresB.toughened requirements of state legisla
33、tionC.nature of the testsD.ability of students to think logically.(3).The word “yardstick“ (Sentence 2, Paragraph 4) probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.standardB.opinionC.angleD.score(4).According to the author the drop-out rate of school children is often caused by the_.（分数：2.00）A.inability of the children
34、B.school reformsC.easy access to unskilled jobD.tough requirements of the schools(5).The purpose of this article is to_.（分数：2.00）A.show the authors positive attitude towards schools in the United StatesB.show the author S negative attitude towards schools for readers to judgeC.present two opposing v
35、iews on the quality of schools for readers to judgeD.offer the way to cut through the confusion about the quality of schools六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The best salespeople first establish a mood of trust and rapport by means of “hypnotic pacing“ statements and gestures that play back a customer s obser
36、vations, experience, or behavior. Pacing is a kind of mirror-like matching, a way of suggesting: “I am like you. We are in sync. You can trust me.“The simplest form of pacing is “descriptive pacing“, in which the seller formulates accurate, if banal, descriptions of the customers experience. “Its be
37、en awfully hot these last few days, hasnt it? . You said you were going to graduate in June.“ These statements serve the purpose of establishing agreement and developing an unconscious affinity between seller and customer. In clinical hypnosis, the hypnotist might make comparable pacing statements.
38、You are ham today to see me for hypnosis.“ “You told me over the phone about a problem that concerns you.“ Sales agents with only average success tend to jump immediately into their memorized sales pitches or to hit the customer with a barrage of questions. Neglecting to pace the customer, the medi
39、ocre sales agent creates no common ground on which to build trust.A second type of hypnotic pacing statement is the “objection pacing“ comment. A customer objects or resists, and the sales agent agrees, matching his or her remarks to the remarks of the customer. A superior insurance agent might agre
40、e that “insurance is not the best investment out there“, just as a clinical hypnotist might tell a difficult subject. “You are resisting going into trance. Thats good. I encourage that.“ The customer, pushing against a wall, finds that the wall has disappeared. The agent, having confirmed the custom
41、ers objection, then leads the customer to a position that negates or undermines the objection. The insurance salesperson who agreed that “insurance is not the best investment out there“ went on to tell his customer, “but it does have a few uses.“ He then described all the benefits of life insurance.
42、 Mediocre salespeople generally respond to resistance head-on, with arguments that presumably answer the customers 0biection. This response often leads the customer to dig in his heels all the harder.The most powerful forms of pacing have more to do with how something is said than with what is said.
43、 The good salesperson has an ability to pace the language and thought of any customer. With hypnotic effect, the agent matches the voice tone, rhythm, volume, and speech rate of the customer. He matches the customers posture, body language, and mood. He adopts the characteristic verbal language of t
44、he customer. If the customer is slightly depressed, the agent chares that feeling and acknowledges that he has been feeling “a little down“ lately. Ill essence, the top sales producer becomes a sophisticated biofeedback mechanism, sharing and reflecting the customers realityeven to the point of brea
45、thing in and out with the customer.（分数：10.00）(1).The main point of this article is that_.（分数：2.00）A.salespeople should study hypnosis to improve their sales skillsB.the most successful salespeople use a lot of hypnosis techniquesC.the best salespeople are unethical and will do anything to sell their
46、 productsD.the top salespeople are persuasive(2).“We are in sync“ is another way of saying_.（分数：2.00）A.we are alike, particularly in our way of thinkingB.we are going to like each otherC.we don t have the same ideas, but we respect each others ideasD.we are in the same situation(3).The word “rapport
47、 (Sentence 1, Paragraph 1) probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.beliefB.harmonyC.relationshipD.connection(4).In Paragraph 2, the two sentences “You are here today to see me for hypnosis“ and “You told me over the phone about a problem that concerns you“ are examples of_.（分数：2.00）A.hypnotic suggestionsB.sell
48、techniqueC.descriptive pacingD.hypnotists greetings(5).Which statement is NOT necessarily true?（分数：2.00）A.The best salespeople pick up their customers speech patterns.B.The best salespeople are likely to agree to the customers remarks,C.The best salespeople probably mirror the thoughts of the custom
49、er.D.The best salespeople usually study hypnosis techniques.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Space enthusiasts look to the day when ordinary people, as well as professional astronauts and members of Congress, can leave Earth behind and head for a space station resort, or maybe a base on the moon or Mars. The Space Transportation Association, an industry lobbying group, recently created a division devoted to promoting space tourism, which it sees as a viable way to spur economic development beyond Earth.The great
