1、考研英语-946 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Whats your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom (1) events much earlier than the year or so before entering school
2、, (2) children younger than three or four (3) retain any specific, personal experiences.A variety of explanations have been (4) by psychologists for this “ childhood amnesia “ . One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is (5) for formling memories, does not mature until about t
3、he age of two. But the most popular theory (6) that, since adults dont think like children, they cannot (7) childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or (8) one event follows another as in a novel or film. (9) , when they search through their mental (10) for
4、 early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they dont find any that fit the (11) . Its like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new (12) for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply are
5、nt any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone elses spoken (13) of their personal (14) in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten (15) of them into long-term memories. (16) , children have to talk about their (17) and hear othe
6、rs talk about themMother talking about the afternoon (18) looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this (19) reinforcement, says Dr.Simms, children cannot form (20) memories of their personal experiences.（分数：10.00）(1).A. figure B. interpret C. reca
7、ll D. affirm（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. since B. even if C. as though D. just as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. largely B. rarely C. merely D. really（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. refuted B. defied C. proposed D. witnessed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. responsible B. suitable C. favorable D. available（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A.
8、declines B. assesses C. estimates D. maintains（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. reflect B. attain C. access D. acquire（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. narratives B. forecasts C. communications D. descriptions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. Hence B. However C. Thus D. Even（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. deposits B. beams C. flashes D
9、. files（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. model B. pattern C. frame D. formula（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. emphasis B. assertion C. explanation D. assumption（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. description B. manipulation C. regulation D. coordination（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. instincts B. feelings C. sensations D. experiences
10、（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. impressions B. beliefs C. minds D. insights（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. In all senses B. In some cases C. In other words D. In all aspects（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. influence B. maintenance C. existence D. experiences（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. taken B. utilized C. applied D. spent（分
11、数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. habitual B. verbal C. unique D. particular（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. permanent B. mental C. spiritual D. conscious（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Americans are now flying the crowded, cranky skies. Flight delays
12、in January were the worst for that month since 1999. Weather is always the primary cause of delays. Add to that the US Airways Christmas baggage meltdown and Comairs computer failure, the combination of which left hundreds of thousands of fliers stranded at airports.But airline employees see a deepe
13、r reason for both the increase in delays and passenger complaints: a demoralized and frustrated workforce thats being asked to do more even as its getting paid lass.The airlines and unions are quick to praise their workers for rising to the challenge during these very difficult times, as well as for
14、 carrying the brunt of the cost cutting. But unease is growing within the ranks. And passengers have noticed. For instance, some of the so-called older carriers now require gate agents to clean the planes as well as check people in. So some passengers have found themselves without a customer-service
15、 agent to talk to until just before the plane leaves. Pilots find themselves stuck at the gate because their Crew of flight attendants has already worked as long as the FAA would allow them to. “Theyve cut employees to such a degree that they dont have enough employees to do the job and serve the cu
16、stomers properly,“ says one pilot.The major airlines contend thats not the case at all. Jeff Green, a spokesman for United Airlines, says the major carriers have shrunk significantly since 9/11. While there are far fewer employees, the airline also has far fewer flights. He also notes that United ha
17、s had its best on-time performance in the past two years and that internal gauges of customer satisfaction are up. “What our employees are going through is not having an effect on our customer service,“ says Mr. Green. Employees on the front line tell a different story. “Theyre just closing the door
18、s and releasing the brake so they can report an on- time departure, when in reality they may still be loading cargo for 30 minutes.“Aviation experts contend that if thats the case, the major airlines may find even more challenges ahead. As their fare structures and prices come closer to those of the
19、 successful low-cost carriers, customer service will become even more crucial in determining which airlines succeed. “The way youre treated on the plane speaks a lot as to whether youll fly that airline again,“ says Helane Becker, an airline analyst. “Its not the be-all and end-all. Its not going to
20、 put an airline out of business. But its not going to help it a lot either if theyre already in trouble./（分数：10.00）(1).Airline delays may result inA. Christmas baggage meltdown.B. the sharp reduction of flights.C. airline companies bankruptcy.D. the interruption of passenger flow.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2
21、).The employees might think, if airline delay is to be avoided, the key factor isA. cost-cutting.B. sophisticated workers.C. high-spirited crew.D. good customer service.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The example mentioned in paragraph 3 shows thatA. largely reducing staff is not wise.B. cost cutting is not ne
22、cessary.C. customers are not taken seriously.D. flight attendants are overloaded by FAA.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In the eyes of Green, United AirlinesA. is not experiencing a difficult time.B. faces rising customer demands.C. has fewer opponents after 9/11.D. provides good service despite fewer workers.
23、（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Aviation experts believe that the customer service of the major airlinesA. is of little importance.B. is close to that of low cost carriers.C. decides whether they will survive.D. should not be ignored.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)How many really suffer as a result o
24、f labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadw
25、inners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market.Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners
26、 among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the over-whelming majority are
27、from multiple earners, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet ther
28、e are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently inter
29、act to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of
30、the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find fulltime work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on
31、the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether t
32、hose suffering seriously as a result of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debatethat the existing poverty, employment, and earnings
33、 statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the tollowing does “ labor market problems“ in the first sentenee refer to?A. Shortage of jobs providing adequate income.B. Deficiencies in the training of the
34、 work force.C. Trade relationships among producers of goods.D. The overall causes of poverty.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author contrasts the 1930s with the present in order to show that_.A. more people were unemployed in the 1930sB. social programs are more needed nowC. unemployment now has less sever
35、e effectsD. there now is a greater proportion of elderly and handicapped people among those in poverty（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author?A. hmovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemplo
36、yment.B. A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness an evil greater than economic control and those who hold the opposite view.C. New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffe
37、ring.D. Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The authors purpose in citing those who are repeatedly unemployed during a twelve-month period is most probably to show thatA. there are
38、several factors that cause the payment of low wages to some members of the labor forceB. unemployment statistics can underestimate the hardship resulting from joblessnessC. recurrent inadequacies in the labor market can exist and can cause hardships for individual workersD. a majority of those who a
39、re jobless at any one time does not suffer severe hardship（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the text, one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to over predict the amount of economic hardship is the_.A. recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workersB. fact that
40、unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wagesC. establishment of a system of record keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statisticsD. prevalence, among low-wage workers and the unemployed, of members of families in which others are employed（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数
41、：1，分数：10.00)Judge Kleinberg got it right when he made it clear that there werent separate rules for bloggers and journalists.Thats not to say bloggers are or arent journalistsjust that there shouldnt be a distinction. In other words, the same rules apply to everyone. Butand heres the tricky partalth
42、ough the rules apply to people equally, we can, do, and should apply them differently to different acts. Asking whether bloggers are journalists is meaningless. Whats important isnt the person but the product. If a snoopy 12-year-old girl find evidence that her towns mayor is taking bribes, then col
43、lects it, verifies it, and publishes it on her blog, thats journalism. If Waiter Cronkite writes in his diary that he planted daisies and washed the dishes that afternoon, thats not. Its whats done, not whos doing it.This isnt something that always needed to be pointed out. In the old days, you coul
44、d draw a line between journalists and everyone else, just as you could draw a line between any other profession. What you did is what you were: reporter, barber, grocer, tailor, whatever. Journalists were usually hired by newspapers, magazines and radio stations. And they followed certain rules, res
45、pecting off-the-record comments, being accurate and not misquoting.Today, the Web is an essentially way to get news, and, while journalism is pretty much the same, the term “journalist“ is getting a bit cloudy. Thats why the question of whether bloggers are journalists keeps coming up. When anyone c
46、an publish, anyone can be a journalist. So the questions the courts need to answer is not, “Who is a journalist?“ but rather, “Who is doing journalism?“ That 12-year-old girl was doing it, even if she isnt in high school yeteven if she wasnt a journalist.Not being a journalist doesnt necessarily red
47、uce the quality of the work, nor should it reduce the protections it receives. So when a question of journalists rights comes up, we need to ask two questions. First, “What protections should journalism receive under the First Amendment?“ And second, “Was the person in question performing an act of
48、journalism?“ If she isif the work she was doing involves gathering and publishing information of legitimate public interestthen her profession doesnt matter. The idea that the line between amateurs and professionals is blurring is something we need to get used to. The Web gives the little guy the sa
49、me publishing tools as the big guy. Video-editing software is inexpensive enough that the quality of amateurs equals that of many pros. But while our technology is removing age-old distinctions, our perceptions and our laws havent quite embraced the new reality. Its time to shift our thinking.（分数：10.00）(1).When the author says “Whats important isnt the person but the product“ (in the second paragraph), he meansA. rules should not be set to regulate peoples behaviour.B. what is published determines whether the writer is a
