1、考研英语-试卷 17及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. (1)_
2、 a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the (2)_ in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The (3)_ student is considered to be (4)_ who is motivated to learn for the sake of (5)_, not the one interested only in gettin
3、g high grades. Sometimes homework is returned (6)_ brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is (7)_ for learning the material assigned. When research is (8)_,the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with (9)_ guidance. It i
4、s the (10)_ responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain (11)_ a university library works; they expect students, (12)_ graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference (13)_ in the library. Professor will help students who nee
5、d it, but (14)_ that their students should not be (15)_,dependent on them. In the United States professors have many other duties (16)_ teaching, such as administrative or research work. (17)_, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (18)_.If a student has problems wit
6、h classroom work, the student should either, (19)_ a professor during office hours (20)_ make an appointment.（分数：40.00）A.IfB.AlthoughC.BecauseD.SinceA.suggestionB.contextC.abstractD.informationA.poorB.idealC.averageD.disappointedA.suchB.oneC.anyD.someA.funB.workC.learningD.prizeA.byB.inC.forD.withA.
7、criticizedB.innocentC.responsibleD.dismissedA.collectedB.distributedC.assignedD.finishedA.maximumB.minimumC.possibleD.practicalA.student“sB.professor“sC.assistant“sD.librarian“sA.whenB.whatC.whyD.howA.particularlyB.essentiallyC.obviouslyD.rarelyA.selectionsB.collectionsC.sourcesD.originsA.hateB.disl
8、ikeC.likeD.preferA.tooB.suchC.muchD.moreA.butB.exceptC.withD.besidesA.HoweverB.ThereforeC.FurthermoreD.NeverthelessA.plentifulB.limitedC.irregularD.flexibleA.greetB.annoyC.approachD.attachA.orB.andC.toD.but二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections:
9、Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._The burning of two black churches in Clarendon county, S.C, last year may be a case of extremist terrorism. Clarendon county Sheriff Hoyt Collins said Welch was carrying a membership card for the Christian
10、knights of the KKK when he was arrested. Federal authorities are considering civil-rights charges against them, and FBI agents are investigating the possibility that the Clarendon county arsons are connected to other church fires. The reality is that the federal task force is entering a quagmire. Ar
11、son is always a tough crime to investigate, and the evidence in many of these cases is getting old; some may never be solved with some 300,000 churches nationwide, there are approximately 600 cases of arson against church buildings every year. The overall trend is down, although not among black chur
12、ches in the rural South. Many of these churches are older wooden buildingstinder-boxes located on country roads miles from police and fire departments. They are extremely vulnerable to arson and, because they burn so quickly, often destroy evidence of the crime as well. The black clergy who descende
13、d on Washington a week ago are deeply skeptical of ATF. One reason is that ATF agents who know from experience that about half of all arsons are inside jobshave questioned and in some cases polygraph black churchmen search of leads. “they strapped a lie detector on me and asked me if I burned the ch
14、urch“, says Harold Smith, assistant pastor at the Inner city in Knoxville, Tenn. “When your life is in the ministry, it hurts to be asked questions like this“. Aggressive investigative tactics have already led to trouble at the top. Told that federal prosecutors had subpoenaed some black clergymen i
15、n a search for inside suspects, Attorney General Reno reportedly blew her stack and ordered to top-level summit meeting to set limits on the field agents tactics. As administration officials struggled to meet Clinton“s declared goal of bringing racially motivated arsons to a halt, new fires destroye
16、d black churches in Charlotte, North Carolina, and Greenville, Texas. These fires inspired White House aides to scramble Clinton“s travel schedule to allow the stop in Green Leyville, South Carolinawhere Clinton, in his familiar role as the nation“s consoler-in-chief, delivered a moving speech at th
17、e dedication of a black church that was burned out last year. But even Jackson acknowledged that Clinton must walk a fine line. Too much crusading by this president could prompt even more arsons by the loose cannons of the ultra right. Given the weird admixture of racism and simple loneness that lay
18、 behind these crimes, prayerful cautionand even a measure of forgivenessseemed the wisest stance. “We want the world to know we are not angry with anyone“, said Rev. A. Baldwin, summing up the tragedy, in Enid “we are a loving church. But it just broke my heart.“（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from
19、 the para. 1 that _.（分数：2.00）A.the Clarendon county are connected to other church firesB.the burning of churches may be caused by terroristsC.no one was arrestedD.FBI agents are not involved in the case(2).From the context the word “quagmire“ means_.（分数：2.00）A.mudB.poolC.wet fieldD.difficult situati
20、on(3).Why are many churches called tinder-box?（分数：2.00）A.Because they are like boxesB.For they are made from woodC.Because they are black churchesD.For they are located on country roads(4).Which statement is NOT true according to para. 2?_.（分数：2.00）A.The black clergy depended on WashingtonB.The blac
21、k clergy didn“t trust ATFC.The number of cases of arson is generally decreased in U.S.D.There are about 600 churches burnt in U.S. every year(5).What is the attitude of Rev A Baldwin towards the burning of churches?（分数：2.00）A.AngryB.IndifferentC.ForgivenessD.Hate“Ouch!“ you cry as your doctor “stabs
22、“ you in a finger or in that sensitive spot on the inside of your elbow opposite your elbow. “Is the sharp, if momentary, pain necessary?“ You wonder as the doctor takes a sample of your blood. What is she up to anyway? What are blood tests for? Your blood is a vital part of your body. It picks up o
23、xygen in your lungs and carries it to your cells, which use the oxygen to produce energy. It carries wastes away from your cells. It carries white blood cells and disease-fighting chemicals called antibodies to places where foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses are causing infections. The wh
24、ite blood cells gobble up the invaders, and the antibodies knock them out. Your blood also carries food from your stomach and small intestine to all parts of your body. Clearly, a large loss of blood from an accident or disease can have serious consequences. So can an imbalance of the blood“s parts.
25、 For example, a low concentration of white cells reduces the body“s ability to fight infection. A low concentration of oxygen-carrying red cells robs the body of energy releasing oxygen. Suppose you lost a lot of blood, what would a doctor do? Replace the blood quickly as possible by giving you a tr
26、ansfusion of blood donated by another person. But the doctor can“t use just anyone“s blood. The donor“s blood has to be of a type that won“t be destroyed by your blood. Blood type? What“s that? Remember the blood your doctor took from you? Well, some of that blood may have been used to find your blo
27、od typeA, B, AB, or O. Each of us has one of these basic blood types (plus a number of subtypes). People with a certain type can receive blood of only certain other types. To find your blood type, the doctor sends your blood to a laboratory. There your red cells are separated from the other parts of
28、 your blood. These cells may have certain antigens (special proteins) on their surfaces“A“ antigens and/or “B“ antigens. If your red cells have “A“ antigens you are type A, “B“ antigens make you type B both “A“ and “B“ antigens make you type AB, neither “A“ nor “B“ antigens makes you type O. How do
29、you find those antigens? A lab technician mixes your red blood cells with two kinds of blood serum. One contains anti-A antibodies. The other kind contains anti-B antibodies. An antibody is a substance that “attacks“ a particular antigen, in this case “A“ or “B“ antigens. The technician taken looks
30、at each mixture under a microscope to see what will happen to your blood cells. Certain mixtures may make your red cells clump together. By finding which mixtures do this and which do not, the technician can figure out your blood type. But blood typing isn“t the only reason to have a blood test take
31、n. It can also check for signs of infection. How? When you have an infection, especially a serious one, the number of white blood cells soars. This is normal response of your body to an invasion of germs. This time, a sample of blood goes to the lab for a CBCcomplete blood count. A technician will e
32、xamine your blood under a microscopecounting the white cells in a small marked-off area. If the number is much higher than it ought to be, the doctor may need to treat you to be sure the infection doesn“t spread. Other blood tests can determine the concentration of various chemicals in your blood or
33、 the variety and types of blood cells circulating in the blood. The information hidden in a drop of blood may lead a doctor to suggest ways to treat. Or avoid dangerous health conditions. Was the stick in the finger or arm necessary? If protecting yourself from danger is necessary, the answer has go
34、t to beyes!（分数：10.00）(1).It carries white blood cells and disease-fighting chemicals called antibodies to places where foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses are causing infections this statement_.（分数：2.00）A.proves how blood fights against invadersB.implies how invaders cause infectionsC.dose
35、 not tell how white cells fight against foreign invadersD.explain the functions of the red cells and white cells(2).In para. 4 the author uses an example to show_.（分数：2.00）A.what a low concentration of oxygen-carrying red cells will doB.the serious consequence of imbalance of the bloodC.how a low co
36、ncentration of white cells reduce the body“s ability to fight infectionD.how the red cells to carry oxygen to every part of body(3).But the doctor can“t use just anyone“s blood. The donor“s blood has to be of a type that won“t be destroyed by your blood. This statement means that_.（分数：2.00）A.the doc
37、tor can“t use the donor“s blood because your blood can destroy thisB.the doctor has to choose a donor whose blood can not be destroyed by your bloodC.the doctor has to choose a certain type of blood from a donor whose blood will not be destroyed by yoursD.the doctor can choose a certain type of bloo
38、d from any donors(4).From para. 7 we may draw the conclusion that_.（分数：2.00）A.your blood type is not decided by your red cellsB.your blood type is decided by the antigens in your red cellsC.your blood type is decided by the A, B or AB antigensD.your blood type is decided by the different kind of ser
39、um(5).In this article the author states that blood test has_.（分数：2.00）A.only one functionB.two functionsC.three functionsD.four functionsSince USAID began its first HIV/AIDS prevention efforts eight years ago, the epidemic has changed dramatically. HIV has spread to every region of the world. Millio
40、ns of people infected with HIV during the first decade of the epidemic are developing opportunistic infections and other AIDS-related illnesses, and many are dying. Women and children are among those most vulnerable to HIV infection. As HIV prevalence and AIDS mortality soar, millions of children wi
41、ll lose their parents. HIV/AIDS is having a devastating impact on the health and well-being of families, communities and nations worldwide. The epidemic“s effects on the structure of societies and the productivity of their members undermine efforts to promote sustainable development around the globe
42、. USAID“s approach to slowing the spread of HIV/AIDS relies on strategies tested and refined over the past eight years. At the same time, the Agency is moving forward to address new challenges posed by the evolving epidemic. One of the important lessons learned during the past decade is that an effe
43、ctive response to HIV/ AIDS requires the full participation of people and communities affected by the virus. Although people living with HIV/AIDS are among the most successful advocates and communicators for prevention, too often their voices are not heard or heeded. Greater involvement of people li
44、ving with HIV/AIDS is essential to creating the supportive political, legal and social environments needed to control the epidemic. In December 1994 at the Paris AIDS Summit, representatives of 42 governments adopted a resolution pledging greater support for networks of people living with HIV/AIDS.
45、Before and during the summit, members of these networks worked with government and multilateral organizations, including USAID, to develop a plan for translating the words of the resolution into concrete action. The Agency is committed to ensuring that people living with HIV/AIDS are accepted in ful
46、l partnership with governments, international organizations and the private sector in developing, implementing and evaluating HIV/AIDS policies and programs. People living with HIV/AIDS and community-based organizations have been at the forefront of efforts to draw attention to the connection betwee
47、n compassionate AIDS care and effective HIV prevention. In the absence of a vaccine or cure, USAID continues to emphasize HIV/AIDS prevention. But as the number of people suffering from AIDS-related illness begins to increase dramatically, the Agency is also exploring ways to reduce the social impac
48、t of AIDS and enhance prevention efforts by integrating prevention and care. The Agency will also continue to pioneer regional approaches to an epidemic that does not recognize national boundaries. Cross-border interventions throughout the world will target mobile populations, including migrant workers, tourists, traders, transport workers and people displaced by war and social disruption.（分数：10.00）(1).Since USAID began its first HIV/AIDS prevention efforts eight years ago, the epidemic has changed
