1、考研英语-试卷 188及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The Californian coastline north and south of Silicon Valley is a trend-setting sort of
2、 place. Increasingly, the home interiors of the well-heeled there tend toward one of two (1)_. Houses are (2)_ light flooded, sparse and vaguely Asian in (3)_, with perhaps a Zen fountain in one corner, a Yoga area in another. Or they resemble electronic control rooms with all sorts of (4)_, compute
3、rs, routers, antennae, screens and remote controls. Occasionally, both elements are (5)_. “She“ may have the living room and public areas, (6)_ “he“ is banished with his toys up or down the stairs. Currently, the gadget lovers have powerful allies. Many of the largest companies in the consumer-elect
4、ronics, computer, telecoms and internet industries have made a strategic decision to (7)_ visions of a “digital home“, “eHome“, or “connected home“. Doubting that (8)_ from corporate customers will ever (9)_ to the boom levels of the late 1990s, Microsoft, Intel, Sony, Verizon, Comcast, Hewlett-Pack
5、ard, Apple and others see the consumer (10)_ their best chance for growth and will be throwing a bewildering (11)_ of home “solutions“ at (12)_ in the coming months and years. To understand what the (13)_ ultimately have in (14)_ it is best to visit the (15)_ homes that most have built on their camp
6、uses or at trade shows. (16)_ cosy and often intimidating, these feature flat screens almost everywhere, (17)_ electronic picture frames in the bedroom from the large TV-substitute in the living room. Every (18)_ has a microchip and can be (19)_ to, typed into or clicked onto. Everything is (20)_ to
7、 a central computer through wireless links.（分数：40.00）A.extremesB.spheresC.hazardsD.loopholesA.norB.eitherC.alsoD.neitherA.questB.exhaustivenessC.characterD.chaosA.equipmentB.devicesC.facilitiesD.gadgetsA.detrimentalB.imaginativeC.presentD.illusiveA.thoughB.whileC.becauseD.as ifA.laudB.quenchC.dampen
8、D.hawkA.complaintB.feedbackC.demandD.censorshipA.recoverB.fosterC.cementD.formulateA.beneathB.againstC.throughoutD.asA.arrayB.lookoutC.ideologyD.conversionA.theirsB.themC.hisD.himA.retailersB.vendorsC.conspiratorD.designersA.notionB.conceptC.illusionD.mindA.farraginousB.invitingC.mockD.notoriousA.Ul
9、timatelyB.TypicallyC.FortunatelyD.RarelyA.byB.toC.withinD.such asA.objectB.obligationC.objectionD.obstructionA.toldB.saidC.talkedD.claimedA.connectedB.designatedC.derivedD.input二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts
10、. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._John Battelle is Silicon Valley“s Bob Woodward. One of the founders of Wired magazine, he has hung around Google for so long that he has come to be as close as any outsider can to actually being an insider. Certainly, Google“s founders
11、, Sergey Brin and Larry Page, and its chief executive, Eric Schmidt, believe that it is safer to talk to Mr. Battelle than not to do so. The result is a highly readable account of Google“s astonishing risethe steepest in corporate historyfrom its origins in Stanford University to its controversial s
12、tockmarket debut and its current struggle to become a grown up company while staying true to its youthfully brash motto, “Don“t be evil“ Mr. Battelle makes the reader warm to Google“s ruling triumviratetheir cleverness and their good intentionsand fear for their future as they take on the world. Goo
13、gle is one of the most interesting companies around at the moment. It has a decent shot at displacing Microsoft as the next great near-monopoly of the information age. Its ambitionto organise all the world“s information, not just the information on the world wide webis epic, and its commercial power
14、 is frightening. Beyond this, Google is interesting for the same reason that secretive dictatorships and Holly3vood celebrities are interestingfor being opaque, colourful and, simply, itself. The book disappoints only when Mr. Battelle begins trying to explain the wider relevance of internet search
15、and its possible future development. There is a lot to say on this subject, but Mr. Battelle is hurried and overly chatty, producing laundry lists of geeky concepts without really having thought any of them through properly. This is not a fatal flaw. Read only the middle chapters, and you have a gre
16、at book.（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “warm to“ in the last sentence of the second paragraph most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.become evaporated throughB.be fed up withC.be heated toD.become more interested in(2).Google is eye-catching due to its _.（分数：2.00）A.distinctivenessB.infinitenessC.selfishnessD.ag
17、gressiveness(3).The work by John Battelle would be perfected if appropriate consideration is given to _.（分数：2.00）A.the relationship between internet research and its potential future developmentB.secretive dictatorships and Hollywood celebrities under controlC.the disappointments in Google and its r
18、ivals in respects to geeky conceptsD.companies“ interests in Google at the moment when the world“s economy is booming(4).According to the text, the author“s attitude toward Mr. Battelle“s work is_.（分数：2.00）A.strong disapprovalB.total denialC.qualified consentD.enthusiastic support(5).The text seems
19、to be _.（分数：2.00）A.a scientific paperB.a book reviewC.a graduation dissertationD.an academic criticism“I“m a total geek all around,“ says Angela B. Yron, a 27-year-old computer prlogrammer who has just graduated from Nova Scotia Community College. And yet, like many other students, she “never had th
20、e confidence“ to approach any of the various open-source software communities on the internetdistributed teams of volunteers who collaborate to build software that is then made freely available. But thanks to Google, the world“s most popular search engine and one of the biggest proponents of open-so
21、urce software, Ms Byron spent the summer contributing code to Drupal, an open-source project that automates the management of websites. “It“s awesome,“ she says. Ms Byron is one of 419 students (out of 8,744 who applied) who were accepted for Google“s “summer of code“. While it sounds like a hyper-n
22、erdy summer camp, the students neither went to Google“s campus in Mountain View, California, nor to wherever their mentors at the 41 participating open-source projects happened to be located. Instead, Google acted as a matchmaker and sponsor. Each of the participating open-source projects received $
23、500 for every student it took on; and each student received $4,500 ($500 right away, and $4,000 on completion of their work). Oh, and a T-shirt. All of this is the idea of Chris DiBona, Google“s open-source boss, who was brainstorming with Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Google“s founders, last year. Th
24、ey realised that a lot of programming talent goes to waste every summer because students take summer jobs flipping burgers to make money, and let their coding skills degrade. “We want to make it better for students in the summer,“ says Mr. DiBona, adding that it also helps the open source community
25、and thus, indirectly, Google, which uses lots of open source software behind the scenes. Plus, says Mr. DiBona, “it does become an opportunity for recruiting.“ Elliot Cohen, a student at Berkeley, spent his summer writing a “Bayesian network toolbox“ for Python, an open-source programming language.
26、“I“m a pretty big fan of Google,“ he says. He has an interview scheduled with Microsoft, but “Google is the only big company that I would work at,“ he says. And if that doesn“t work out, he now knows people in the open-source community, “and it“s a lot less intimidating.“（分数：10.00）(1).Ms. Byron“s co
27、mment on her own summer experiment is _.（分数：2.00）A.negativeB.biasedC.puzzlingD.enthusiastic(2).It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the participants of Google“s “summer of code“ have _.（分数：2.00）A.been selectedB.been educatedC.been blamedD.been enlightened(3).The work of the participatin
28、g open-source projects conducted by students, according to the text, is _.（分数：2.00）A.incoherentB.rewardedC.incessantD.gratuitous(4).The idea of Chris DiBona, according to the text, is enriched by _.（分数：2.00）A.T shirt salesB.open-sourceC.programmers“ talentD.others“ wisdom(5).Elliot Cohen is mentione
29、d in the text so as to _.（分数：2.00）A.illustrate the indirect effect of “summer of code“ on Google“s recruitmentB.indicate the academic level of Berkeley, USAC.clarify Elliot Cohen“s summer experience in writing network toolboxD.lay emphasis on the fact that university students are big fans of GoogleS
30、oon after his appointment as secretary-general of the United Nations in 1997, Kofi Annan lamented that he was being accused of failing to reform the world body in six weeks. “But what are you complaining about?“ asked the Russian ambassador: “You“ve had more time than God.“ Ah, Mr. Annan quipped bac
31、k, “but God had one big advantage. He worked alone without a General Assembly, a Security Council and all the committees.“ Recounting that anecdote to journalists in New York this week, Mr. Annan sought to explain why a draft declaration on UN reform and tackling world poverty, due to be endorsed by
32、 some 150 heads of state and government at a world summit in the city on September 14th16th, had turned into such a pale shadow of the proposals that he himself had put forward in March. “With 191 member states“, he sighed, “it“s not easy to get an agreement.“ Most countries put the blame on the Uni
33、ted States, in the form of its abrasive new ambassador, John Bolton, for insisting at the end of August on hundreds of last minute amendments and a line-by-line renegotiation of a text most others had thought was almost settled. But a group of middle-income developing nations, including Pakistan, Cu
34、ba, Iran, Egypt, Syria and Venezuela, also came up with plenty of last-minute changes of their own. The risk of having no document at all, and thus nothing for the world“s leaders to come to New York for, was averted only by marathon all-night and all-weekend talks. The 35-page final document is not
35、 wholly devoid of substance. It calls for the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission to supervise the reconstruction of countries after wars; the replacement of the discredited UN Commission on Human Rights by a supposedly tougher Human Rights Council; the recognition of a new “responsibility to pro
36、tect“ peoples from genocide and other atrocities when national authorities fail to take action, including, if necessary, by force; and an “early“ reform of the Security Council. Although much pared down, all these proposals have at least survived. Others have not. Either they proved so contentious t
37、hat they were omitted altogether, such as the sections on disarmament and non-proliferation and the International Criminal Court, or they were watered down to little more than empty platitudes. The important section on collective security and the use of force no longer even mentions the vexed issue
38、of pre-emptive strikes; meanwhile the section on terrorism condemns it “in all its forms and manifestations, committed by whomever, wherever and for whatever purposes“, but fails to provide the clear definition the Americans wanted. Both Mr. Annan and, more surprisingly, George Bush have nevertheles
39、s sought to put a good face on things, with Mr. Annan describing the summit document as “an important step forward“ and Mr. Bush saying the UN had taken “the first steps“ towards reform. Mr. Annan and Mr. Bolton are determined to go a lot further. It is now up to the General Assembly to flesh out th
40、e document“s skeleton proposals and propose new ones. But its chances of success appear slim.（分数：10.00）(1).Who have recently listened to the story in the first paragraph of the text?（分数：2.00）A.Ambassadors.B.UN officials.C.The world“s leaders.D.Reporters.(2).It can be inferred from the third paragrap
41、h that _.（分数：2.00）A.it took much time to have a UN documentB.it was a piece of cake to reach an agreement with approximately 200 member statesC.few nations were resented at American diplomatic activitiesD.only developing countries came up with last-minute changes(3).The author“s attitude toward the
42、UN final document is _.（分数：2.00）A.biasedB.indifferentC.skepticalD.impartial(4).According to the text, empty platitudes might be found in the section on _.（分数：2.00）A.Peacebuilding CommissionB.UN Commission on Human RightsC.terrorismD.the Security Council(5).According to the last paragraph, the Genera
43、l Assembly _.（分数：2.00）A.is deleting the document“s skeleton proposalsB.is determined to go further toward disarmamentC.is attempting to put forward new proposalsD.is unlikely to work out relevant details and advance novel proposalsThe term “disruptive technology“ is popular, but is widely misused. I
44、t refers not simply to a clever new technology, hut to one that undermines an existing technologyand which therefore makes life very difficult for the many businesses which depend on the existing way of doing things. Twenty years ago, the personal computer was a classic example. It swept aside an ol
45、der mainframe-based style of computing, and eventually brought IBM, one of the world“s mightiest firms at the time, to its knees. This week has been a coming-out party of sorts for another disruptive technology, “voice over internet protocol“ (VOIP), which promises to be even more disruptive, and of
46、 even greater benefit to consumers, than personal computers. VOIP“s leading proponent is Skype, a small firm whose software allows people to make free calls to other Skype users over the internet, and very cheap calls to traditional telephonesall of which spells trouble for incumbent telecoms operat
47、ors. On September 12th, eBay, the leading online auction house, announced that it was buying Skype for $2.6 billion, plus an additional $1.5 billion if Skype hits certain performance targets in coming years. This seems a vast sum to pay for a company that has only $60m in revenues and has yet to tur
48、n a profit. Yet eBay was not the only company interested in buying Skype. Microsoft, Yahoo!, News Corporation and Google were all said to have also considered the idea. Perhaps eBay, rather like some over-excited bidder in one of its own auctions, has paid too much. The company says it plans to use Skype“s technology to make it easier for buyers and sellers to communicate, and to offer new “click to call“ advertisements, but many analysts are sceptical that eBay is t
