1、考研英语-试卷 194 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Euthanasia has been a topic of controversy in Europe since at least 1936. On an avera
2、ge of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices “active“ euthanasia: (1)_ administering a lethal drug to a (2)_ ill patient who has asked to be relieved (3)_ suffering. Twenty times a day, life prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn (4)_ there is no hope that it can (5)_ an ultimate cure
3、. “Active“ euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books, punishable (6)_ 12 years in prison. But a series of court cases over the past 15 years has made it clear that a competent physician who (7)_ it out will not be prosecuted. Euthanasia, often called “mercy killing“, is a crime everywher
4、e in Western Europe. (8)_ more and more doctors and nurses in Britain, Germany, Holland and elsewhere readily (9)_ to practicing it, most often in the “passive“ form of withholding or withdrawing (10)_ The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately (11)_ into a sometimes fierce public debate, (12)_
5、both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness. Those (13)_ to the practice see themselves (14)_ sacred principles of respect for life, (15)_ those in favor raise the banner of humane treatment. After years (16)_ the defensive, the advocates now seem to be (17)_ ground. Recent polls in Bri
6、tain show that 72 percent of British (18)_ favor euthanasia in some circumstances. An astonishing 76 percent of (19)_ to a poll taken late last year in France said they would like the law changed to (20)_ mercy killings. Obviously, pressure groups favoring euthanasia and “assisted suicide“ have grow
7、n steadily in Europe over the years.Notes:euthanasia 安乐死。lethal 致命的。statute book 法典。prosecute 起诉。simmering 处于沸腾的状态。mantle 重任，责任。（分数：40.00）A.incidentallyB.intentionallyC.intermittentlyD.intenselyA.terminallyB.finallyC.eventuallyD.ultimatelyA.againstB.offC.ofD.out ofA.thoughB.whenC.thatD.sinceA.effect
8、B.affectC.resultD.executeA.forB.inC.toD.byA.worksB.savesC.carriesD.rescuesA.BecauseB.HenceC.AndD.ButA.admitB.allegeC.approveD.adoptA.cureB.treatmentC.operationD.remedyA.smoothed overB.boiled overC.broke downD.burst outA.due toB.atC.forD.withA.rejectedB.objectedC.respondedD.opposedA.abandoningB.confi
9、rmingC.upholdingD.upgradingA.whileB.whenC.asD.orA.inB.forC.onD.againstA.supportingB.reinforcingC.maintainingD.gainingA.patientsB.subjectsC.residentsD.physiciansA.officialsB.citizensC.respondentsD.interviewersA.refuseB.evaluateC.decriminalizeD.counter二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section I
10、I Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._When, in the age of automation, man searches for a worker to do the tedious, unpleasant jobs that are more or less impossible to mechanize, he may very profitably
11、 consider the ape. If we tackled the problem of breeding for brains with as much enthusiasm as we devote to breeding dogs of surrealistic shapes, we could eventually produce assorted models of useful primates, ranging in size from the gorilla down to the baboon, each adapted to a special kind of wor
12、k. It is not putting too much strain on the imagination to assume that geneticists could produce a super-ape, which is able to understand some scores of words and capable of being trained for such jobs as picking fruit, cleaning up the litter in parks, shining shoes, collecting garbage, doing househ
13、old chores and even baby-sitting, although I have known some babies I would not care to trust with a valuable ape. Apes could do many jobs, such as cleaning streets and the more repetitive types of agricultural work, without supervision, though they might need protection from those egregious specime
14、ns of Home sapiens who think it amusing to tease or bully anything they consider lower on the evolutionary ladder. For other tasks, such as delivering papers and laboring on the docks, our man-ape would have to work under human overseers; and, incidentally, I would love to see the finale of the twen
15、ty-first century version of On the Waterfront in which the honest but hairy hero will drum on his chest afterliterallytaking the wicked labor leader apart. Once a supply of nonhuman workers becomes available, a whole range of low IQ jobs could be thankfully given up by mankind, to its great mental a
16、nd physical advantage. What is more, one of the problems which has annoyed so many fictional Utopias would be avoided: There would be none of the degradingly subhuman Epsilons of Huxley“s Brave New World to act as a permanent reproach to society, for there is a profound moral difference between bree
17、ding sub-men and super-apes, though the end products are much the same. The first would introduce a form of slavery, but the second would be a biological triumph which could benefit both men and animals.Notes:surrealistic 超现实的。primate 灵长类动物。gorilla 大猩猩。baboon 狒狒。chore 杂活。care to do sth. (常用于否定句)(=wi
18、lling to do or agree to do sth.) 愿意做某事。trust A with B 把 B 托付给 A. egregious (通常指坏人或坏事) 异乎寻常的，突出的。Home sapiens 人类。finale n. 结局。Epsilons 奴隶人名。assorted 各色各样的。Utopia 乌托邦，理想主义。（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, the ape should be considered for certain jobs _.（分数：2.00）A.only if it is able to understand s
19、cores of words.B.which do not require any intelligence at all.C.that are not suitable for human hands to tackle.D.which are boring and cannot be tackled with machines.(2).By “the honest but hairy hero“ (in Para. 3) the author most probably refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.the human supervisor.B.the geneticist
20、s as a whole.C.the non-human worker.D.the man breeding super-apes.(3).The author states that a supply of non-human workers for low IQ jobs would _.（分数：2.00）A.substitute them for humans completely.B.benefit man mentally and physically.C.give rise to the opposition from geneticists.D.be a disadvantage
21、 to many human workers.(4).According to the author, breeding super-apes would be _.（分数：2.00）A.a problem related to moral standards.B.as bad as breeding sub-humans.C.introducing a new form of slavery.D.an advance in biological studies.(5).The author of this article is _.（分数：2.00）A.merely attempting t
22、o be humorous about the future workers.B.revealing his high opinion of mankind“s prospect.C.expressing his doubts about the possibility of breeding a super-ape.D.presenting an applausible theory in a humorous tone.Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely
23、 there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. But the desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust-jacket is irresistible. You soon become absorbed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize that yo
24、u have spent far too much time there. This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your heart“s conte
25、nt. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting: “Can I help you, sir?“ You needn“t buy anything you don“t want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing. Then, and only then, are his services necessary. You hav
26、e to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on, say, ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing, something which had only vaguely interested
27、you up till then. This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interesting that you just had to buy it. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Booksellers must be both long suffering and indulgent. There is a story which well
28、illustrates this. A medical student had to read a textbook which was far too expensive for him to buy. He couldn“t obtain it from the library and the only copy he could find was in his bookshop. Every afternoon, therefore, he would go along to the shop and read a little of the book at a time. One da
29、y, however, he was dismayed to find the book missing from its usual place and about to leave when he noticed the owner of the shop beckoning to him. Expecting to be reproached, he went toward him. To his surprise, the owner pointed to the book, which was tucked away in a corner. “I put it there in c
30、ase anyone was tempted to buy it“, he said, and left the delighted student to continue his reading.Notes: to one“s heart“s content 尽情地。beckon v. 打招呼。（分数：10.00）(1).You may spend too much time in a bookshop because _.（分数：2.00）A.the dust-jackets are very attractive.B.you start reading one of the books.
31、C.it is raining outside.D.you have to make sure you don“t buy a dull book as a present.(2).According to the text, in a good bookshop _.（分数：2.00）A.nobody takes any notice of you.B.the assistant greets you in a friendly way.C.your heart is contented.D.you feel that you are in a music shop.(3).It can b
32、e learned from the text that an assistant should offer you help _.（分数：2.00）A.as soon as you have entered the shop.B.just before you finish browsing.C.only when you have finished reading.D.when he leads you to a particular section.(4).The author implies that it is very easy to enter a bookshop and bu
33、y _.（分数：2.00）A.a book on ancient coins.B.a best-selling novel on brass-rubbing.C.a book that only vaguely interests you.D.a book that unexpectedly fascinates you.(5).The textbook the medical student was interested in was tucked away in a corner _.（分数：2.00）A.to prevent anyone from buying it.B.because
34、 the medical student might take it away.C.in case the medical student was tempted to buy it.D.because it was a rare and expensive book.Education is one of the key words of our time. A man, without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of unfortunate circumstances deprived of one
35、 of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states “invest“ in institutions of learning to get back “interest“ in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction s
36、o carefully worked out, is punctuated by textbooksthose purchasable wells of wisdomwhat would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would
37、lay less stress on “facts and figures“ and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of “college“ imaginable. Among the peop
38、le whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the “equal start“ which only our most progressive forms of modern education tr
39、y to reach again. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding on all. There are no “illiterates“if the term can be applied to peoples without a scriptwhile our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, an
40、d in England 1976, and is still non-existent in a number of “civilized“ nations. This shows how long it was before we considered it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the “happy few“ during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a
41、 matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry that, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents; therefore the jungles and the savages know of no “juve
42、nile delinquency“. No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to “buy“ an education for his child.Notes: juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪。（分数：10.00）(1).The word “interest“ in the first paragraph most probably means _.（分数：2.
43、00）A.pleasure.B.returns.C.share.D.knowledge.(2).According to the text, the author seems to be _.（分数：2.00）A.against the education in the very early historic times.B.in favor of the educational practice in primitive cultures.C.positive about our present educational instruction.D.quite happy to see an
44、equal start for everyone.(3).It can be inferred from the text that _.（分数：2.00）A.some families now can hardly afford to send their children to school.B.everyone today has an equal opportunity in education.C.every country invests heavily in education.D.we are not very certain whether preachers are nec
45、essary or not.(4).According to the text, which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.One without education today has few opportunities.B.We have not yet decided on our educational models.C.Compulsory schooling is legal obligation in several countries now.D.Our spiritual outlook is better no
46、w than before.(5).The best title for this text is _.（分数：2.00）A.The Significance of Education.B.Educational Investment and Its Profit.C.Education and Modern Civilization.D.Education: A Comparison of Its Past and Its Present.Increasingly, historians are blaming diseases imported from the Old World for
47、 the great disparity between the native population of America in 1492new estimates of which jump as high as 100 million, or approximately one-sixth of the human race at that timeand the few million full-blooded Native Americans alive at the end of the nineteenth century. There is no doubt that chron
48、ic disease was an important factor in the sharp decline, and it is highly probable that the greatest killer was epidemic disease, especially as manifested in virgin-soil epidemics. Virgin-soil epidemics are those in which the populations at risk have had no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically almost defenseless. That virgin-soil epidemics were important in American history is strongly indicated by evidence that a number of dangerous ma
