1、考研英语-试卷 50及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Personality is to a large extent inherentA-type parents usually bring about A-type off-
2、spring. But the environment must also have a (1)_ effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a (2)_ factor in the lives of their children. One place where children (3)_ A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution.
3、Too many schools adopt the “win at all costs“ moral standard and (4)_ their success by sporting (5)_ The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-type seem in some way better than their B-type fellow
4、s. Being too (6)_ to win can have dangerous (7)_: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped (8)_ seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we (9)_!“ (10)_ the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is rare that school (11)_ pupils to conc
5、entrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat (12)_, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful. Obviously, it is neither practical nor (13)_ that all A-youngsters change into B“s. The world needs different kinds of person,
6、 and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child“s personality to his possible future (14)_ It is top management. If the (15)_ of schools with academic work was (16)_, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the (17)_ professions, especially medicine,
7、could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such (18)_ as (19)_ and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B“s are important and should be (20)_.（分数：40.00）A.prevailingB.profoundC.precautionaryD.progressiveA.majorB.minorC.superiorD.seniorA
8、.soak offB.soak throughC.soak upD.soak outA.estimateB.calculateC.shapeD.measureA.successionB.accomplishmentC.achievementsD.completenessA.eagerB.keenC.intentD.desirousA.outcomeB.effectC.consequenceD.denouementA.deadlyB.dieC.deadD.dyingA.conquerB.surrenderC.renounceD.triumphA.By farB.UntilC.So farD.Ho
9、weverA.forbidsB.allowsC.grantsD.admitsA.questionableB.questioningC.undoubtedD.undoubtableA.desirableB.desiredC.desiringD.desirousA.employmentB.entranceC.recruitmentD.enrollmentA.preoccupationB.prepackageC.preparationD.prepaymentA.decreasedB.abasedC.lessenedD.degradedA.serviceB.nutrientC.caringD.heal
10、thA.causesB.factorC.considerationsD.reasonsA.senseB.sensitivityC.sensationD.sensuousnessA.stimulatedB.processedC.stimulusD.promoted二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choo
11、sing A, B, C or D._Europe is desperate to succeed in business. Two years ago, the European Union“s Lisbon summit set a goal of becoming the world“s leading economy by 2010. But success, as any new-age executive coach might tell you, requires confronting the fear of failure. That is why Europe“s appr
12、oach to bankruptcy urgently needs reform. In Europe, as in the United States, many heavily indebted companies are shutting up shop just as the economy begins to recover. Ironically, the upturn is often the moment when weak firms finally fail. But America“s failures have a big advantage over Europe“s
13、 weaklings: their country“s more relaxed approach to bankruptcy. In the United States the Chapter 11 law makes going bust an orderly and even routine process. Firms in trouble simply apply for breathing space from creditors. Managers submit a plan of reorganization to a judge, and creditors decide w
14、hether to give it a go or to come up with one of their own. Creditors have a say in whether to keep the firm running, or to liquidate it. If they keep it running, they often end up with a big chunk of equity, if not outright control. But shutting a bust European company is harder in two other ways.
15、First, with no equivalent of Chapter 11, bankruptcy forces companies to stop trading abruptly. That damages the value of the creditors“ potential assets, and may also cause havoc for customers. Second, a company that trades across the European Union will find that it has to abide by different bankru
16、ptcy laws in the 15 member states, whose courts and administrators may make conflicting and sometimes incompatible stipulations. The absence of provision for negotiations between companies and creditors increases the temptation for government to step in. When governments do not come to the rescue, t
17、he lack of clear rules can lead to chaos. As a result of all this, Europe“s teetering firms miss the chance to become more competitive by selling assets to others who might manage them more efficiently. Their sickly American rivals survive, transformed, to sweep the field. An opportunity now exists
18、to think again about Europe“s approach to bankruptcy. The European Union is expected to issue a new directive on the subject in May. Germany has begun to update its insolvency law. And last year Britain produced a white paper saying that a rigid approach to bankruptcy could stifle the growth needed
19、to meet Lisbon“s goals.（分数：10.00）(1).One of goals set by the European Union“s Lisbon summit is（分数：2.00）A.to strive for the lead in the world“s economy.B.to subject more companies to bankruptcy.C.to revise an approach to bankrupt stipulations.D.to have advantage over American firms.(2).The word “weak
20、lings“(Paragraph 2) most probably means（分数：2.00）A.irrational creditors.B.competitive rivals.C.efficient negotiators.D.indebted firms.(3).According to what is beyond the ability of Europe“s firms now is（分数：2.00）A.to have access to more relaxed approach to bankruptcy.B.to submit a plan of reorganizati
21、on to a judge on request.C.to negotiate with their creditors when going bankrupt.D.to sell assets to others who might manage them efficiently.(4).Besides applying for breathing space from creditors, managers in American firms can also（分数：2.00）A.take advantage of legal procedures.B.ask for the govern
22、ment“s interventions.C.damage the creditors“ potential assets.D.talk with their stern debtors abroad.(5).Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.The achievement of Lisbon“s goals would precede the elimination of chaos.B.The best way to help European firms may be to make it ea
23、sier for them to fail.C.It is high time that the rigid bankruptcy laws in the U.S. were radically changed.D.Shutting a weak American company means ending up with a big chunk of assets.On a weekday night this January, thousands of flag-waving youths packed Olaya Street, Riyadh“s main shopping strip,
24、to cheer a memorable Saudi victory in the GCC Cup football final. One car, rock music blaring from its stereo, squealed to a stop, blocking an intersection. The passengers leapt out, clambered on to the roof and danced wildly in front of the honking crowd. Having paralyzed the traffic across half th
25、e city, they sped off before the police could catch them. Such public occasion was once unthinkable in the rigid conformist kingdom, but now young people there and in other Gulf states are increasingly willing to challenge authority. That does not make them rebels, respect for elders, for religious
26、duty and for maintaining family bonds remain pre-eminent values, and premarital sex is generally out of the question. Yet demography is beginning to put pressure on ultra-conservative norms. After all, 60% of the Gulf“s native population is under the age of 25. With many more of its citizens in scho
27、ol than in the workforce, the region faces at least a generation of rocketing demand for employment. In every single GCC country the native workforce will double by 2020. In Saudi Arabia it will grow from 3.3m now to over 8m. The task of managing this surge would be daunting enough for any society,
28、but is particularly forbidding in this region, for several reasons. The first is that the Gulf suffers from a lopsided labor structure. This goes back to the 1970s, when ballooning oil incomes allowed governments to import millions of foreign workers and to dispense cozy jobs to the locals. The resu
29、lt is a two-tier workforce, with outsiders working mostly in the private sector and natives monopolizing the state bureaucracy. Private firms are as productive as any. But within the government, claims one study, workers are worth only a quarter of what they get paid. Similarly, in the education sec
30、tor, 30 years spent keeping pace with soaring student numbers has taken a heavy toll on standards. The Saudi school system, for instance, today has to cope with 5m students, eight times more than in 1970. And many Gulf countries adapted their curricula from Egyptian models that are now thoroughly di
31、scredited. They continue to favor rote learning of “facts“ intended to instill patriotism or religious values. Even worse, the system as a whole discourages intellectual curiosity. It channels students into acquiring prestige degrees rather than gaining marketable skills. Of the 120,000 graduates th
32、at Saudi universities produced between 1995 and 1999, only 10,000 had studied technical subjects such as architecture or engineering. They accounted for only 2% of the total number of Saudis entering the job market.（分数：10.00）(1).The wild behavior depicted in the first paragraph is intended to（分数：2.0
33、0）A.to advocate traditional values in Saudi.B.to introduce the change of Saudi youths.C.to criticize their nonconformist image.D.to praise Saudi youth tactical retreat.(2).The basic problem of people pressure facing the Saudi authority lies in（分数：2.00）A.its surging workforce.B.its religious values.C
34、.its private firms.D.its rebellious youths.(3).The word “lopsided“(Paragraph 4) most probably means（分数：2.00）A.Detrimental.B.Misguided.C.Outdated.D.Disproportionate.(4).According to the author, the Saudi education system is characterized by its excessive emphasis on（分数：2.00）A.marketable skills.B.inte
35、llectual curiosity.C.traditional values.D.creative thinking.(5).What would the section following this text probably deal with?（分数：2.00）A.The higher proportion of local youths in the workforce.B.More restrictions placed on the private firms in Saudi.C.Another reason for the difficulty in managing peo
36、ple pressure.D.The commitment to motivating youth participation in the taskIt was inevitable that any of President George W. Bush“s fans had to be very disappointed by his decision to implement high tariffs on steel imported to the U.S. The president“s defense was pathetic. He argued that the steel
37、tariffs were somehow consistent with free trade, that the domestic industry was important and struggling, and that the relief was a temporary measure to allow time for restructuring. One reason that this argument is absurd is that U.S. integrated steel companies (“Big Steel“) have received various f
38、orms of government protection and subsidy for more than 30 years. Instead of encouraging the industry to restructure, the long-term protection has sustained inefficient companies and cost U.S. consumers dearly. As Anne O. Krueger, now deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund, said
39、 in a report on Big Steel: “The American Big Steel industry has been the champion lobbyist and seeker of protectionIt provides a key and disillusioning example of the ability special interests to lobby in Washington for measures which hurt the general public and help a very small group.“ Since 1950s
40、, Big Steel has been reluctant to make the investments needed to match the new technologies introduced elsewhere. It agreed to high wages for its unionized labor force. Hence, the companies have difficulty in competing not only with more efficient producers in Asia and Europe but also with technolog
41、ically advanced U.S. mini-mills, which rely on scrap metal as an input. Led by Nucor Cor., these mills now capture about half of overall U.S. sales. The profitability of U.S. steel companies depends also on steel prices, which, despite attempts at protection by the U.S. and other governments, are de
42、termined primarily in world markets. These prices are relatively high as recently as early 2000 but have since declined with the world recession to reach the lowest dollar values of the last 20 years. Although these low prices are unfortunate for U.S. producers, they are beneficial for the overall U
43、.S. economy. The low prices are also signal that the inefficient Big Steel companies should go out of business even faster than they have been. Instead of leaving or modernizing, the dying Big Steel industry complains that foreigners dump steels by selling at low prices. However, it is hard to see w
44、hy it is bad for the overall U.S. economy if foreign producers wish to sell us their goods at low prices. After all, the extreme case of dumping is one where foreigners give us their steel for free and why would that be a bad thing?（分数：10.00）(1).According to Anne Krueger, long-term government protec
45、tion given to steel companies（分数：2.00）A.will increase the state wealth.B.will threaten trade monopoly.C.will raise their competitiveness.D.will ultimately hurt consumers.(2).The U.S. integrated steel companies complain that, to modernize their technologies, they are in need of（分数：2.00）A.the sacrific
46、e from U.S. consumers.B.the government“s financial support.C.the reduction of steel product prices.D.the compromise from the labor force.(3).Which of the following can be a disadvantage of U.S. “Big Steel“ as pointed out in the text?（分数：2.00）A.Lower efficiency.B.Lack of protection.C.Corporate struct
47、ures.D.Lobbyist addiction.(4).We can draw a conclusion from the text that the overall U.S. economy（分数：2.00）A.must guard against foreigners selling their steel at shocking prices.B.had difficulty in sustaining development in face of foreign competitors.C.can benefit enormously from the steel lower pr
48、ices in world markets.D.took advantage of the government“s protection to enhance efficiency(5).The author“s attitude towards the measure adopted by the President seems to be that of（分数：2.00）A.approval.B.optimism.C.opposition.D.indifference.Could money cure sick health-care systems in Britain, which will be the place to look for proof in 2003. The National Health Service (NHS), which offers free health care financed by taxes, is receiving an emergency no-expense-spared injection of cash. By 2007, total health spending in Britain will reach over 9
