1、考研英语 141及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)At every stage of development, clothes can help establish a persons identity for himself and for those with whom he interacts. The childhood game of “dressing up“ in parents 1 provides the opportunity for the child to 2 the roles he
2、will be 3 to play in adult life. The degree 4 which a person chooses clothes that 5 the roles will affect his performance in those roles. Clothes are an important factor in developing 6 of self-confidence and self-respect, 7 when you look good, you feel good. For most people, clothes are often a sou
3、rce of 8 reaction from others, since in our culture we are more 9 to compliment a person on his 10 than on other 11 of the “self“ Most Americans also 12 that a proper appearance and proper dress are the keys 13 association with the right crowd, which 14 opens the doors to job advancement, increased
4、income, and greater prestige. Our clothing needs are 15 by a multitude of circumstances, because buying motives are 16 simple. The first step in the decision-making process is to make a 17 ordering of the things that are important to us. If a person recognizes and 18 the priorities of his values e.
5、g. , that his status and prestige may be more important than his physical comforthis 19 of clothing is not only simplified, but more likely to 20 him greater satisfaction. （分数：1.00）(1).At every stage of development, clothes can help establish a persons identity for himself and for those with whom he
6、 interacts. The childhood game of “dressing up“ in parents 1 provides the opportunity for the child to 2 the roles he will be 3 to play in adult life. The degree 4 which a person chooses clothes that 5 the roles will affect his performance in those roles. Clothes are an important factor in developin
7、g 6 of self-confidence and self-respect, 7 when you look good, you feel good. For most people, clothes are often a source of 8 reaction from others, since in our culture we are more 9 to compliment a person on his 10 than on other 11 of the “self“ Most Americans also 12 that a proper appearance and
8、proper dress are the keys 13 association with the right crowd, which 14 opens the doors to job advancement, increased income, and greater prestige. Our clothing needs are 15 by a multitude of circumstances, because buying motives are 16 simple. The first step in the decision-making process is to mak
9、e a 17 ordering of the things that are important to us. If a person recognizes and 18 the priorities of his values e. g. , that his status and prestige may be more important than his physical comforthis 19 of clothing is not only simplified, but more likely to 20 him greater satisfaction. （分数：0.05）A
10、.skirtsB.fashionsC.patternsD.clothesA.practiceB.attemptC.performD.rehearseA.meetB.hitC.fitD.playA.feelingsB.motivesC.passionsD.moodsA.thereofB.howeverC.untilD.sinceA.negativeB.positiveC.criticalD.directA.ableB.easyC.aptD.fairA.appearanceB.behaviorC.mannersD.flavorsA.thingsB.aspectsC.partsD.pointsA.c
11、onfirmB.assumeC.disputeD.recognizeA.forB.ofC.toD.inA.in turnB.in effectC.in stepD.in resultA.engagedB.compelledC.expectedD.promptedA.orientedB.influencedC.designedD.formattedA.fairlyB.ratherC.quiteD.seldomA.consciousB.ambitiousC.conspicuousD.generousA.adaptsB.ascendsC.assuresD.acceptsA.senseB.tasteC
12、.choiceD.attitudeA.createB.bringC.forgeD.pledgeA.byB.toC.inD.with二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1 Study the following chart carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) analyze the chart, 2) interpret its meaning, and 3) suggest possible measures to take. You should write about 160-200 words
13、 neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) . Study the following chart carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) analyze the chart, 2) interpret its meaning, and 3) suggest possible measures to take. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) （分数：1.00）_三、Section
14、 Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Won t the
15、 wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?“ Theres no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. Int
16、ernational affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This ph
17、enomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive Mindegree：在程度上；by degrees：逐渐地。此处应选 to。二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1 Study the f
18、ollowing chart carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) analyze the chart, 2) interpret its meaning, and 3) suggest possible measures to take. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) . Study the following chart carefully and write an essay in which you s
19、hould 1) analyze the chart, 2) interpret its meaning, and 3) suggest possible measures to take. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) （分数：1.00）_正确答案：(The chart shows that the U. S. workforce, about 145 million in number, matched job demands well in 2000. However,
20、 the gap between workforce and jobs, especially skilled jobs, appeared soon after 2001. The shortage of skilled workers is estimated to grow to about 5.5 million by 2010, and 14 million ten years later. The overall workforce gap will be about 8 million in 2010, and 25 million in 2020. The cartoonist
21、 warns that the supply of labor is about to fall seriously short of demand, which means that the economical development will be hampered by the scarcity of labor, especially skilled workers, over the next 20 years. The labor squeeze may result from the fact that the existing workforce is going to ge
22、t out soon, and the feeder pool just isnt coming up. Possible precautions against the threat of labor shortage may include: providing effective job training for most employees, bidding up wages for skilled workers, tempting older workers to stay on the jobs they are skilled in, and lobbying the gove
23、mment to raise the share of skilled immigrants. Anyhow, what Americans are to do least is ignore the severity of the problem. )解析：三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Eur
24、ope and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Won t the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?“ Theres no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multin
25、ational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, afte
26、r the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy. I be
27、lieve that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands. All t
28、hese are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world s wealth increases. Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that
29、 were feared nearly a century ago in the U. S. , when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down
30、fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Remault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt. Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry
31、. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created.? Wont multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition.? And should one country take upon itself t
32、he role of “defending competition“ on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U. S. vs. Microsoft case7 （分数：1.00）(1).What is the typical trend of businesses today?（分数：0.25）A.To take in more foreign funds.B.To invest more abroad.C.To combine and become bigger. D.To trade with more countries.
33、解析：见第 1、2 段。(2).According to the author,one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is_.（分数：0.25）A.the greater customer demands B.a surplus supply for the marketC.a growing productivityD.the increase of the world s wealth解析：见第 3段。(3). From paragraph 4 we can infer that_.（分数：0.25）A.the increasing conce
34、ntration is certain to hurt consumersB.WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costsC.the costs of the globalization process are enormousD.the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition 解析：此推断可以从第 4段第 2句看出。(4).Toward the new business wave, the writers attitude can be said to
35、 be_.（分数：0.25）A.optimisticB.objective C.pessimisticD.biased解析：在第 4段中，作者说了合并的好处；在第 5段中，作者说到合并风潮也应当注意，并提出了一些可能出现的问题，所以可以说作者在此问题上的态度是客观的。In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than f
36、ashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product theyre looking for. Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability.
37、 “Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,“ says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the companys private inte
38、rnet. Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to “pull“ customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow compani
39、es to “push“ information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers computer monitors. Subscribers can customize t
40、he information they want to receive and proceed directly to a companys Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of
41、many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. Thats a prospect that horrifies Net purists. B
42、ut it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon. com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will at
43、tract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge. （分数：1.00）(1).We learn from the beginning of the
44、passage that Web business_.（分数：0.25）A.has been striving to expand its market B.intended to follow a fanciful fashionC.tried but in vain to control the marketD.has been booming for one year or so解析：原文中的 tap是关键字，意思是“开发，发掘”，与 A项中的意思相同。(2).Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the a
45、uthor implies that_.（分数：0.25）A.the technology is popular with many Web usersB.businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactionsC.there is a radical change in strategy D.it is accessible limitedly to established partners解析：第三段第二句和第三句表示了在营销策略上的重大变化。“互联网的营销活动通常是采取把顾客拉到网站上去，去年，软件公司开发了可以使公司
46、将信息直接送给顾客的工具”。所以，C 是正确的答案。(3).In the view of Net purists _.（分数：0.25）A.there should be no marketing messages in online cultureB.money making should be given priority to on the WebC.the Web should be able to function as the television setD.there should be no online commercial information without reque
47、sts 解析：第三段倒数第三句提供了答案。该句意思是“只有要求，电脑中的信息才能送至客户”。(4).We learn from the last paragraph that_.（分数：0.25）A.pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet commerceB.interactivity, hospitality and security are important to online customers C.leading companies began to take the online plunge decades
48、agoD.setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power解析：最后一段的第二句是本题的答案。“相互运作、好客和安全将吸引网上用户”。Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They dont realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase“ substance abuse“ is oft
