1、考研英语 143及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)Comparisons were drawn between the development television in the 20th century and the diffusion printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened -|_|-As was discussed before, it was not -|_|- the 19th century that the n
2、ewspaper became the dominant pre- electronic -|_|- , following in the wake the pamphlet and the book and in the -|_|- the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution -|_|- up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading -|_|- through the telegraph, the telephone
3、, radio, and motion pictures -|_|- the 20th-century world the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that in -|_|- It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, -|_|- , that the introduction the computer in the early 20th century, -|_|-by the invention the integrated circuit during th
4、e 1960s, radically changed the , -|_|-its impact the media was not immediately -|_|-As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal“ too, as well as -|_|-, with display becoming sharper and storage -|_|-increasing. They were thought , like people, -|_|-generati
5、ons, with the distance between generations much -|_|-. It was within the computer age that the term “information society“ began to be widely used to describe the -|_|-within which we now live. The communications revolution has -|_|-both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and
6、 time, but there have been -|_|-views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits“ have been weighed -|_|-“harmful“ outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult. Comparisons were drawn between the development television in the 20th century and the diffusion prin
7、ting in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened -|_|-As was discussed before, it was not -|_|- the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre- electronic -|_|- , following in the wake the pamphlet and the book and in the -|_|- the periodical. It was during the same time that
8、the communications revolution -|_|- up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading -|_|- through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures -|_|- the 20th-century world the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that in -|_|- It is important to do so. It is generally rec
9、ognized, -|_|- , that the introduction the computer in the early 20th century, -|_|-by the invention the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the , -|_|-its impact the media was not immediately -|_|-As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “perso
10、nal“ too, as well as -|_|-, with display becoming sharper and storage -|_|-increasing. They were thought , like people, -|_|-generations, with the distance between generations much -|_|-. It was within the computer age that the term “information society“ began to be widely used to describe the -|_|-
11、within which we now live. The communications revolution has -|_|-both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been -|_|-views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits“ have been weighed -|_|-“harmful“ outcomes. And genera
12、lizations have proved difficult. （分数：1.00）A.betweenB.beforeC.sinceD.later二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)2.Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay entitled “After Picnics“. In the essay you should 1) describe the pictures, 2) give your comment on the phenomena, and 3) suggest possi
13、ble measures to change them. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay entitled “After Picnics“. In the essay you should 1) describe the pictures, 2) give your comment on the phenomena, and 3) suggest possible
14、 measures to change them. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)* （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an adult sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. Declaring tha
15、t he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment although no one had proposed to do so-and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the Whit
16、e House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. That group-the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC)-has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations. NBAC will as
17、k that Clintons 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law. But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells-routine in molecular biolo
18、gy. The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning. In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had f
19、ound a broad consensus that it would be“morally unacceptable to attempt to createa human child by adult nuclear cloning“. Shapiro explained during the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general co
20、nclusions, although some details have not been settled. NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos ( the earliest stage of hum
21、an offspring be for birth) for research or to be for knowingly endanger an embryos life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research. NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. But they were d
22、ivided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this issue was still “up in the air.“ （分数：1.00）(1).We can learn from the first paragraph
23、that_.（分数：0.25）A.federal funds have been used in a project to clone humansB.the White House responded strongly to the news of cloningC.NBAC was authorized to control the misuse of cloning techniqueD.the White House has got the panels recommendations on cloning(2).The panel agreed on all of the follo
24、wing except that _.（分数：0.25）A.the ban on federal funds for human cloning should be made a lawB.the cloning of human DNA is not to be put under more controlC.it is criminal to use private funding for human cloningD.it would be against ethical values to clone a human being(3).NBAC will leave the issue
25、 of embryo research undiscussed because _.（分数：0.25）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.（分数：0.25）A.some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completelyB.a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no timeC.privately funded researchers will respond positively
26、to NBACs appealD.the issue of human cloning will soon be settledFor three decades weve heard endlessly about the virtues of aerobic (increasing oxygen consumption) exercise. Medical authorities have praised running and jumping as the key to good health, and millions of Americans have taken to the tr
27、eadmill(踏车) to reap the rewards. But the story is changing. Everyone from the American Heart Association to the surgeon generals office has recently embraced strength training as a complement to aerobics. And as weight lifting has gone mainstream, so has the once obscure practice known as “Super Slo
28、w“ training. Enthusiasts claim that by pumping iron at a snails pace-making each “rep“(repeat) last 14 seconds instead of the usual seven-you can safely place extraordinary demands on your muscles, and call forth an extraordinary response. Slow lifting may not be the only exercise you need, as some
29、advocates believe, but the benefits are often dramatic. Almost anyone can handle this routine. The only requirements are complete focus and a tolerance for deep muscular burn. Fox each exercise-leg press, bench press, shoulder press and so on-you set the machine to provide only moderate resistance.
30、But as you draw out each rep, depriving yourself of impetus, the weight soon feels unbearable. Defying the impulse to stop, you keep going until you cant complete a rep. Then you sustain your vain effort for 10 more seconds while the weight sinks gradually toward its cradle. Intense? Uncomfortable?
31、Totally. But once you embrace muscle failure as the goal of the workout, it can become almost pleasure. The goal is not to burn calories while youre exercising but to make your body burn them all the time. Running a few miles many make you sweat, but it expends only 100 calories per mile, and it doe
32、snt stimulate much bone or muscle development. Strength training doesnt burn many calories, either. But when you push a muscle to failure, you set off a pour of physiological changes. As the muscle recovers over several days, it will thicken-and the new muscle tissue will demand sustenance. By the t
33、ime you add three pounds of muscle, your body requires an extra 9,000 calories a month just to break even. Hold your diet steady and, very quickly, you are vaporizing body fat. One might have benefited from any strength-training program. But advocates insist the slow technique is safer and more effe
34、ctive than traditional methods. （分数：1.00）(1).Many Americans have taken to treadmill for years by virtue of（分数：0.20）A.Many Americans have taken to treadmill for years by virtue ofB.its greater consumption of oxygen.C.the compliment paid by authorities.D.the actual benefits from the exercise.(2).Accor
35、ding to the author,“ Super Slow“ training（分数：0.20）A.has been misunderstood for decades.B.has been widely accepted recentlyC.has been the basis of weight lifting.D.has become the nucleus of aerobics.(3).The phrase “to break even“ ( Line 7, Par. 3 ) most probably means（分数：0.20）A.to upset physical ener
36、gy balance.B.to disturb the calmness of the body.C.to gain a greater profit than a lossD.to make neither a profit nor a loss.(4).In practicing slow lifting, one has to（分数：0.20）A.complete each rep with great demands for his muscles.B.bear the unendurable reaction caused by the training.C.suffer the b
37、itter effect called forth by the exercise.D.exert unusual pressure on his legs and shoulders.(5). Slow weight lifters are required to make each rep（分数：0.20）A.without using any driving force.B.without movement of their bodyC.with unbearable iron weights.D.with the feeling of muscle failure.Americans
38、no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a lingui
39、st and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter - culture as responsible for the decline of formal English. Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter s academic
40、 speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom“, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case - endings of Old English. But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing“, has spelt the death of formal spe
41、ech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the on
42、ly form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English,talkings triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft. Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to ta
43、ke the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non -standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive-there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not
44、arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper. Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old -fashioned to most English- spea
45、kers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms-he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china“. A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevit
46、able one. （分数：1.00）(1).According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English（分数：0.20）A.is inevitable in radical education reforms.B.is but all too natural in language developmentC.has caused the controversy over the counter- culture.D.brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s.(2).The wo
47、rd “talking“ ( Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes（分数：0.20）A.modesty.B.personality.C.liveliness.D.informality.(3).To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?（分数：0.20）A.Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.B.Black English can be more expressive than standard English.C.Non - standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.D.Of all the varieties,
