1、考研英语 694 及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)In economics the value added by a manufacturing firm to its products is the difference between the price of a finished product and the cost of raw materials, parts supplies, fuel, and electrical energy used in the production of that
2、 product. When 1 in this manner, the value added by manufacture is a useful index of the manufacturing firms 2 to the national economy. It is a more 3 index, of course, than 4 sales, a figure that is misleading because it tells 5 about production costs and 6 the manufacturing firm is 7 at a profit o
3、r at a loss. In education there is now a spirited 8 as to whether such a concept would not be most 9 for college graduates is evidently 10 in the salaries they can command 11 receipt of a college degree. Engineers, accountants, and computer specialists command 12 salaries upon graduation and by impl
4、ication, there must be an 13 value added to their marketability 14 the education and training they 15 in college. When looked at more closely, 16 ,the missing factor is 17 the difference between learner capabilities 18 to their educational experiences and graduate capabilities after 19 a college deg
5、ree. In brief, how much does the student 20 from the instruction he or she has received? （分数：1.00）(1). In economics the value added by a manufacturing firm to its products is the difference between the price of a finished product and the cost of raw materials, parts supplies, fuel, and electrical en
6、ergy used in the production of that product. When 1 in this manner, the value added by manufacture is a useful index of the manufacturing firms 2 to the national economy. It is a more 3 index, of course, than 4 sales, a figure that is misleading because it tells 5 about production costs and 6 the ma
7、nufacturing firm is 7 at a profit or at a loss. In education there is now a spirited 8 as to whether such a concept would not be most 9 for college graduates is evidently 10 in the salaries they can command 11 receipt of a college degree. Engineers, accountants, and computer specialists command 12 s
8、alaries upon graduation and by implication, there must be an 13 value added to their marketability 14 the education and training they 15 in college. When looked at more closely, 16 ,the missing factor is 17 the difference between learner capabilities 18 to their educational experiences and graduate
9、capabilities after 19 a college degree. In brief, how much does the student 20 from the instruction he or she has received? （分数：0.05）A.concludedB.computedC.conductedD.countedA.creationB.distributionC.contributionD.donationA.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothingA.thatB.whyC.whetherD.becauseA.opera
10、tingB.managingC.executingD.maintainingA.argumentB.debateC.quarrelD.disturbanceA.delightfulB.distinctiveC.appropriateD.acceptableA.reflectedB.embodiedC.embracedD.indicatedA.overB.uponC.aboutD.beforeA.plentifulB.extensiveC.abundantD.impressiveA.appreciableB.applicableC.essentialD.inherentA.inB.fromC.w
11、ithD.byA.realisticB.specificC.elasticD.economicA.persuedB.awardedC.receivedD.enjoyedA.thereforeB.howeverC.moreoverD.thereafterA.curiouslyB.graciouslyC.dubiouslyD.obviouslyA.superiorB.interiorC.priorD.inferiorA.earningB.grantingC.conferringD.offeringA.attainB.benefitC.rewardD.favorA.retailB.readyC.ne
12、tD.gross二、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1.Outline: 1 ) importance of good health 2 ) ways to keep fit 3 ) my own practices Outline: 1 ) importance of good health 2 ) ways to keep fit 3 ) my own practices （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)That experiences influence subsequent behaviour is evi
13、dence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skilful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understan
14、ding these words. So-called intelligent behaviour demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier exper
15、iences. Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptiv
16、e. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when ones memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might mak
17、e it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection. In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in tim
18、e, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer; for example, learned behaviour that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) f
19、orgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. Thus forgetting seems to serve the survival of the individual and the species. Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In thi
20、s view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output). Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offer gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume
21、 an input-output balance. （分数：1.00）(1).From the evolutionary point of view_.（分数：0.25）A.forgetting for lack of practice tends to be obviously inadaptiveB.if a person gets very forgetful all of a sudden he must be very adaptiveC.the gradual process of forgetting is an indication of an individuals adap
22、tabilityD.sudden forgetting may bring about adaptive consequences(2). According to the passage, if a person never forgot_.（分数：0.25）A.he would survive bestB.he would have a lot of troubleC.his ability to learn would be enhancedD.the evolution of memory would stop(3). From the last paragraph we know t
23、hat_.（分数：0.25）A.forgetfulness is a response to learningB.the memory storage system is an exactly balanced input-output systemC.memory is a compensation for forgettingD.the capacity of a memory storage system is limited because forgetting occurs(4). In this article, the author tries to interpret the
24、function of_.（分数：0.25）A.rememberingB.forgettingC.adaptingD.experiencingA “greenhouse effect“ will raise the earths temperature enough by the year 2100 to cause dramatic climate changes, increase sea levels and disrupt food production, United States scientists said this week. The earths atmosphere is
25、 heating at a rate that could mean temperature rises of two degrees centigrade by the middle of the 21st century and five degrees centigrade by the year 2100, according to a report issued by the US governments Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). “Substantial increases in global warming may occur
26、sooner than most of us would like to believe,“ the EPA said. The agency said the first effects might be felt as early as 1990, because temperatures would be rising more than seven times faster each decade between now and the year 2100 than they had been for the past 100 years. “Temperature increases
27、 are likely to be accompanied by dramatic changes in precipitation and storm patterns and a rise in global average sea level,“ the EPA report said. “As a result,“ the agency said, “agricultural conditions will be significantly altered, environmental and economic systems potentially disrupted.“ The E
28、PA report said the burning of fossil fuels was directly responsible for most of the atmosphere build-up of carbon dioxide but the current concentration is so great that even a worldwide ban on the use of such fuels would delay the warming effect for only a few years. “A warmer climate will raise sea
29、 levels by heating and expanding the worlds oceans and causing glaciers to melt,“ the EPA said. The agency estimated that sea levels could rise anything between 48 to 380 cm in the next 120 years. “An increase of even 48 cm could flood or cause storm damage to many of the major ports of the world, d
30、isrupt transportation networks, alter underwater ecology systems and cause major shifts in land development patterns.“ One study cited in the report suggested that if the average global temperature rose by 2.5 degrees centigrade, regional climatic conditions might be similar to those during the last
31、 interglacial period 120,000 years ago. During this period, oceans were five to seven metres higher than todays, flooding the shores of Europe and western Siberia and making Scandinavia an island. The agency said that while the warming trend could have some beneficial effects, such as reducing heati
32、ng costs and improving climate and growing seasons in some parts of the world, there would be difficulty in redirecting national economies to adapt to the new climate patterns. The EPA said it seemed unlikely that the nations of the world would reach a consensus on step to reduce carbon dioxide emis
33、sions. Instead, it urged more research on the greenhouse effect and stressed the need for better planning to cope with the changes the warming trend is expected to produce. （分数：1.00）(1).As a result of the rising of the earths temperature, by 2100（分数：0.20）A.a greenhouse effect will occur drastically.
34、B.worlds climate will defy inhabitation.C.agriculture will be thrown into disorder.D.most coastal cities will be submerged.(2). Which of the following is included in the EPA report?（分数：0.20）A.The greenhouse theory seems controversial.B.World temperature will rise by 7 in 100 years.C.Most people anti
35、cipate slow global warming.D.The global warming rate may be underestimated.(3).Which of the points below is NOT given in the news report?（分数：0.20）A.After all, people will benefit much from the greenhouse effect.B.World nations disagree on ways to lessen CO2 discharge.C.Further study on warming effec
36、t is strongly recommended.D.Elaborate designing for tackling greenhouse problem is emphasized.(4).The report says that if the use of fossil fuels were banned（分数：0.20）A.the earth might cease getting warmer perceivably.B.the earth would slow its pace of warming evenly.C.the warming process would be af
37、fected slightly.D.the warming trend would be checked gradually.(5).The EPA warns us that unless the rise in the earths temperature were restrained,（分数：0.20）A.the continents would be flooded within a century.B.economic inadaptation would be inescapable.C.world climate would return to that of the Ice
38、Age.D.Europe would sink to the bottom of the Atlantic.A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians ,and should best be considered North Americ
39、an. There are, of course, exceptions. Small- minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in
40、 an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of
41、 hospitality. Someone travelling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didnt t
42、ake in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong
43、in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinneramazing. “Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always underst
44、ood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions un
45、derlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to“ translate“ cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word “friend“,
46、the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitors language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and
47、 expect from both neighbors and strangers. （分数：1.00）(1). In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, _.（分数：0.25）A.rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the USB.small-minded officials deserve a serious commentC.Canadians are not so friendly as their neighborsD.most Americans are ready to offer hel
48、p(2).It could be inferred from the last paragraph that _.（分数：0.25）A.culture exercises an influence over social interrelationshipB.courteous convention and individual interest are interrelatedC.various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsD.social interrelationships equal the complex
49、set of cultural conventions(3). Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers_.（分数：0.25）A.to improve their hard lifeB.in view of their long-distance travelC.to add some flavor to their own daily lifeD.out of a charitable impulse(4).The tradition of hospitality to strangers_.（分数：0.25）A.tends to be superficial and artificialB.is gen
