1、考研英语 91及答案解析(总分：36.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：1.00)The appeal of the world of work is first its freedom. The child is compelled to go to school; he is under the 1 of authority. Even what he 2 to school may be decided for him. As he grows up,he sees 3 it is to be free 4 school and to b
2、e able to choose his job and change it if he doesnt like it,to have money in his pocket and 5 to come and go as he wishes in the world. The boys and girls, a year or two older than he is, whom he has long observed, revisit school utterly 6 and apparently mature. Suddenly masters and mistresses seem
3、7 out of date as his parents and the authority of school a 8 thing. At the moment the adult world may appear so much more real than the school world 9 the hunger to enter it cannot be appeased by exercises in school books, or talk of 10 examinations necessary for entry into professions or the more a
4、ttractive occupations. This may not be the wisest 11 but it is a necessary part of growing up, for everyone must come sooner or later to the 12 of saying“ Really, Ive had enough of being taught; I must do a proper job. “Some youths, maturing rapidly because of outside influences,come to this decisio
5、n 13 than they ought. Yet in a way this is not a bad frame of mind to be in 14 leaving school. At work, the young man makes one of the first great acceptances of life-he accepts the 15 of the material or the process he is working with. The job must be done in accord with some rigid process he cannot
6、 16 . He sees the point of it and in doing so comes to 17 with life. Nothing done in school 18 its will in quite the same way;if it is wet games can be cancelled;if the math master is ill one can 19 with something else. But even the boy delivering papers, like the driver taking out his bus, discover
7、s that one cannot 20 because there is snow on the ground, or the foreman is irritable, or he himself is in a bad mood that morning.（分数：1.00）(1).The appeal of the world of work is first its freedom. The child is compelled to go to school; he is under the 1 of authority. Even what he 2 to school may b
8、e decided for him. As he grows up,he sees 3 it is to be free 4 school and to be able to choose his job and change it if he doesnt like it,to have money in his pocket and 5 to come and go as he wishes in the world. The boys and girls, a year or two older than he is, whom he has long observed, revisit
9、 school utterly 6 and apparently mature. Suddenly masters and mistresses seem 7 out of date as his parents and the authority of school a 8 thing. At the moment the adult world may appear so much more real than the school world 9 the hunger to enter it cannot be appeased by exercises in school books,
10、 or talk of 10 examinations necessary for entry into professions or the more attractive occupations. This may not be the wisest 11 but it is a necessary part of growing up, for everyone must come sooner or later to the 12 of saying“ Really, Ive had enough of being taught; I must do a proper job. “So
11、me youths, maturing rapidly because of outside influences,come to this decision 13 than they ought. Yet in a way this is not a bad frame of mind to be in 14 leaving school. At work, the young man makes one of the first great acceptances of life-he accepts the 15 of the material or the process he is
12、working with. The job must be done in accord with some rigid process he cannot 16 . He sees the point of it and in doing so comes to 17 with life. Nothing done in school 18 its will in quite the same way;if it is wet games can be cancelled;if the math master is ill one can 19 with something else. Bu
13、t even the boy delivering papers, like the driver taking out his bus, discovers that one cannot 20 because there is snow on the ground, or the foreman is irritable, or he himself is in a bad mood that morning.（分数：0.05）A.thumbB.fingerC.palmD.handA.carriesB.bearsC.wearsD.bringsA.freedomB.desireC.impul
14、seD.curiosityA.transferredB.transformedC.relaxedD.relievedA.muchB.suchC.soD.asA.ambiguousB.ambitiousC.ridiculousD.conspicuousA.thatB.whichC.whenD.whereA.testifyingB.qualifyingC.justifyingD.rectifyingA.latitudesB.altitudesC.magnitudesD.attitudesA.vergeB.phaseC.pointD.senseA.betterB.soonerC.fasterD.la
15、terA.byB.atC.forD.onA.whyB.whatC.howD.whetherA.disciplineB.restraintC.principleD.regulationA.reviseB.offendC.alterD.shiftA.dealsB.termsC.touchesD.arraysA.plungeB.impactC.imposeD.reinforceA.go overB.get onC.cut inD.come upA.put it offB.get it overC.pull it upD.make it outA.toB.forC.inD.of二、Section Wr
16、iting(总题数：1，分数：1.00)1. Study the following graph carefully and write an essay which should cover 1) general situation of crime victims in U. S. 2) the most frequent victims and their implications, and 3) your comment. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) Study t
17、he following graph carefully and write an essay which should cover 1) general situation of crime victims in U. S. 2) the most frequent victims and their implications, and 3) your comment. You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) * （分数：1.00）_三、Section Reading(总题数：4，分
18、数：4.00)In spite of rising concern in the Northeast and Canada, Administration spokesmen have repeatedly insisted that nothing could really be done about acid rain and the industry-produced sulfur emissions until all the scientific facts were in. Suddenly last week, however, facts came raining down,
19、in effect making further scientific debate on what mainly causes the problem all but irrelevant. What brought about the downpour was a study commissioned by Presidential Science Adviser. The spokesmen plainly called for remedial action even if some technical questions about acid rain were still unan
20、swered. “If we take the conservative point of view that we must wait until the scientific knowledge is definitive,“ said the spokesman, “the accumulated deposition and damaged environment may reach the point of irreversibility.“ When it rains, it pours. Next came a study from the National Research C
21、ouncil. Its definitive conclusion: reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide from coal-burning power plants and factories, such as these in the Midwest, would in fact significantly reduce the acidity in rain, snow and other precipitation(降水) that is widely believed to be worsening the life from fresh-wat
22、er lakes and forests in the Northeast and Canada. The spokesman did not recommend any specific action. A pair of remedial measures are already taken before Congress. A Senate committee recently approved a bill that would require reduction over the next decade of sulfur-dioxide emissions by 10 millio
23、n tons in the States bordering on the east of the Mississippi. A tougher measure was introduced in the House ordering the 50 largest sulfur polluters in the U. S. to cut emissions substantially. To ease the Eastern coal mining industry, which fears a switch to low-sulfur Western coal, the bill requi
24、res the installation of expensive “scrubbers“, devices for removing sulfur from the smoke, rather than an order that forbids high-sulfur fuel. Still, the legislation is being vigorously opposed by the coal industry and utilities, especially in the Mid-west, where heavy industries are battling to sur
25、vive. In a survey also released last week, the Edison Electric Institute , an industry group, gravely predicted that electricity rates could rise as much as 50% if the emission-control legislation passed. Government studies dispute these figures, but Congress has been suspended on acid-rain measures
26、. Now, as a result of the academy study, supporters of the bills are more optimistic. Nevertheless, a major political battle is shaping up. （分数：1.00）(1).The first paragraph shows that（分数：0.20）A.the Administration has ignored the public anxiety about acid rain.B.the industrial sulfur emissions need f
27、urther scientific verificationC.the spokesmen have denied the presence of proofs of acid rain.D.scientific evidence has made the cause of acid rain undebatable.(2). The word “downpour“ in the second paragraph most likely refers to（分数：0.20）A.a heavy fall of acid rain.B.a sudden thunderstorm.C.a serie
28、s of criticism.D.a succession of evidence.(3).This article most probably appeared in（分数：0.20）A.a government document.B.a news magazine.C.a scientific research paper.D.a textbook of environmental science.(4). The two studies mentioned in the text clearly stated that（分数：0.20）A.there is no time to lose
29、 in pollution control.B.the scientific explanation of acid rain remains unclear.C.environmental restoration defies scientific endeavors.D.factories should be banned from burning coal.(5).From the description of the efforts in the House, we can see that（分数：0.20）A.the members of the House really speak
30、 for the general public.B.the Congressmen are tough to the sulfur polluters in the U. S.C.the statesmen try to please the public without enraging the bosses.D.the politicians worry about the effect of emission-control legislation.Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It
31、 serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase dem
32、and it ensures an increased need for labour, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television licence would need to be doubled and travel by bus or tu
33、be would cost 20 percent more. And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fai
34、ls to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it
35、is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value. Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of. There is one point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television per
36、sonality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade. If its message were confined merely to informationand that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for
37、even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtlety persuasive advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants. （分数：1.00）(1).By the first sentence of the passage the author means that_.（分数：0.25
38、）A.he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertisingB.everybody knows well that advertising is money consumingC.advertising costs money like everything elseD.it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising(2).In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?（分数
39、：0.25）A.Securing greater fame.B.Providing more jobs.C.Enhancing living standards.D.Reducing newspaper cost.(3). The author deems that the well-known TV personality is_.（分数：0.25）A.very precise in passing his judgement on advertisingB.interested in nothing but the buyers attentionC.correct in telling
40、the difference between persuasion and informationD.obviously partial in his views on advertising(4). In the authors opinion,_.（分数：0.25）A.advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing informationB.advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them overC.there is nothing
41、 wrong with advertising in persuading the buyerD.the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisementThe essential weakness of the old and traditional education was not just that it emphasized the necessity for provision of definite subject-matter and activities. These things are
42、 necessities for anything that can rightly be called education. The weakness and evil was that the imagination of educators did not go beyond provision of a fixed and rigid environment of subject-matter, one drawn moreover from sources altogether too remote from the experiences of the pupil. What is
43、 needed in the new education is more attention, not less, to subject-matter and to progress in technique. But when I say more, I do not mean more in quantity of the same old kind. I mean an imaginative vision which sees that no prescribed and ready-made scheme can possibly determine the exact subjec
44、t-matter that will best promote the educative growth of every individual young person; that every new individual sets a new problem ;that he calls for at least a somewhat different emphasis in subject-matter presented. There is nothing more blindly stupid than the convention which supposes that the
45、matter actually contained in textbooks of arithmetic, history, geography, etc. , is just what will further the educational development of all children. But withdrawal from the hard and fast and narrow contents of the old curriculum is only the negative side of the matter. If we do not go far in the
46、positive direction of providing a body of subject-matter much richer, more varied and flexible, and also in truth more definite, judged in terms of the experience of those being educated, than traditional education supplied, we shall tend to leave an educational vacuum in which anything may happen.
47、Complete isolation is impossible in nature. The young live in some environment whether we intend it or not , and this environment is constantly interacting with what children and youth bring to it. and the result is the shaping of their interests, minds and charactereither educatively or mis-educati
48、vely. If the professed educator gives up his responsibility for judging and selecting the kind of environment that his best understanding leads him to think will be contributive to growth, then the young are left at the mercy of all the unorganized and casual forces of the modern social environment
49、that inevitably play upon them as long as they live. In the educative environment the knowledge , judgment and experience of the teacher is a greater, not a smaller factor, than it is in the traditional school. The difference is that the teacher operates not as a judge set on high and marked by arbitrary authority but as a friendly co-partner and guide in a common enterprise. （分数：1.00）(1).In the authors view, the b
