1、考研英语一（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 2及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Though not biologically related, friends are as “related“ as fourth cousins
2、, sharing about 1% of genes. That is【C1】_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has【C2】_. The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted【C3】_1,932 unique subjects which【C4】_pairs of unrelated friends and unrelat
3、ed strangers. The same people were used in both【C5】_. While 1% may seem【C6】_, it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even【C7】_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who【C8】_our kin.“ The
4、 study【C9】_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now.【C10】_, as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more【C11】_it. There could be many mechanism
5、s working to gether that【C12】_us in choosing genetically similar friends【C13】_ “functional kinship“ of being friends with【C14】_! One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 【C15】_than other genes. Studying this could help【C16】_why human evolution picked
6、 pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major【C17】_factor. The findings do not simply corroborate people“ s【C18】_to befriend those of similar【C19】_ backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to
7、【C20】_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.whatB.howC.whyD.when(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.defendedB.concludedC.withdrawnD.advised(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.forB.withC.byD.on(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.separatedB.soughtC.comparedD.connected(5).【C5】（分数：2.00
8、）A.testsB.objectsC.samplesD.examples(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.insignificantB.unexpectedC.unreliableD.incredible(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.visitB.missC.knowD.seek(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.surpassB.influenceC.favorD.resemble(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.againB.alsoC.insteadD.thus(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.MeanwhileB.FurthermoreC.LikewiseD.
9、Perhaps(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.aboutB.toC.fromD.like(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.limitB.observeC.confuseD.drive(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.according toB.rather thanC.regardless ofD.along with(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.chancesB.responsesC.benefitsD.missions(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.fasterB.slowerC.laterD.earlier(16).【C16】（分数：2.0
10、0）A.forecastB.rememberC.expressD.understand(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.unpredictableB.contributoryC.controllableD.disruptive(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.tendencyB.decisionC.arrangementD.endeavor(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.politicalB.religiousC.ethnicD.economic(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.seeB.showC.proveD.tellAs many people hit
11、middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can“t remember【C1】_we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance“s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain【C2】_, we refer to these occurrences as “
12、senior moments.“【C3】_seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n)【C4】_ impact on our professional, social, and personal【C5】_. Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there“s actually a lot that can be done. It【C6】_out that the b
13、rain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental【C7】_can significantly improve our basic cognitive【C8】_. Thinking is essentially a【C9】_of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to【C10】_in making the connections that drive intelligence is inheri
14、ted.【C11】_, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 【C12】_mental effort. Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step【C13】_and developed the first “brain training program“ designed to actually help people impro
15、ve and regain their mental【C14】_. The Web -based program【C15】_you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps【C16】_of your progress and provides detailed feedback【C17】_your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it【C18】_modifies and enhances the games you pl
16、ay to【C19】_on the strengths you are developingmuch like a (n)【C20】_exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.whereB.whenC.thatD.why(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.improvesB.fadesC.recoversD.collapses(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.IfB.UnlessC.OnceD.While(4).【C4
17、】（分数：2.00）A.unevenB.limitedC.damagingD.obscure(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.wellbeingB.environmentC.relationshipD.outlook(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.turnsB.findsC.pointsD.figures(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.roundaboutsB.responsesC.workoutsD.associations(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.genreB.functionsC.circumstancesD.criterion(9).【C9】（分数：2.00
18、）A.channelB.conditionC.sequenceD.process(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.persistB.believeC.excelD.feature(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.ThereforeB.MoreoverC.OtherwiseD.However(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.according toB.regardless ofC.apart fromD.instead of(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.backB.furtherC.asideD.around(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.sharp
19、nessB.stabilityC.frameworkD.flexibility(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.forcesB.remindsC.hurriesD.allows(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.holdB.trackC.orderD.pace(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.toB.withC.forD.on(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.irregularlyB.habituallyC.constantlyD.unusually(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.carryB.putC.buildD.take(20).【C20】（分数：
20、2.00）A.riskyB.effectiveC.idleD.familiar考研英语一（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 2答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Though not biologically related, f
21、riends are as “related“ as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is【C1】_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has【C2】_. The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted【C3】_1,932 unique subjects which【C
22、4】_pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both【C5】_. While 1% may seem【C6】_, it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even【C7】_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as
23、 friends the people who【C8】_our kin.“ The study【C9】_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now.【C10】_, as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is mo
24、re【C11】_it. There could be many mechanisms working to gether that【C12】_us in choosing genetically similar friends【C13】_ “functional kinship“ of being friends with【C14】_! One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 【C15】_than other genes. Studying this c
25、ould help【C16】_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major【C17】_factor. The findings do not simply corroborate people“ s【C18】_to befriend those of similar【C19】_ backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population
26、of European extraction, care was taken to【C20】_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.what B.howC.whyD.when解析：解析：考查语法结构。解答此题需结合第二个空。由第二个空的四个选项可知考查的是及物动词的含义，故此处所填的词引导表语从句，且做第二个空处动词的宾语，符合题意的只有Awhat。how，why， when 均不能在从句中作宾语。(2).【C2】（分数
27、：2.00）A.defendedB.concluded C.withdrawnD.advised解析：解析：考查动词辨析。从此题所在的句子的前后内容可以判断出，That is_中的 That是指第一句话的内容，即朋友与我们在基因上的相关性，很显然是研究得出的结论。conclude 意为“作结论”，符合题意，故答案为 B项。defended“辩护，防护”，withdrawn“撤销；收回”，advised“建议”，均不符合题意。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.forB.withC.byD.on 解析：解析：考查固定搭配。本句中的主句意为：这项研究是一个基于 1 932个独特实验对象的全组基因
28、分析。conduct analysis on 即 conduct sthon 为固定搭配，意为“基于”，故选 D项。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.separatedB.soughtC.compared D.connected解析：解析：考查动词辨析。该空格所在的句子是 which引导的定语从句，修饰 study，其大意为：对几对基因不相关的朋友和基因不相关的陌生人进行_。因为“研究”的内容是关于朋友间基因上的相关性问题，所以完整的意思应该是：对几对基因不相关的朋友和陌生人进行比较。故答案为Ccompared。separated“使分离，使分开”，sought“寻找”，connected
29、“连接，联合”均不符合题意。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.testsB.objectsC.samples D.examples解析：解析：考查名词辨析。根据空格的前后内容判断，到第五个空为止，文章都在讲实验过程和实验对象，此处表达的意思为：这两组_涉及相同的实验者。所以根据上下文语境，samples“样本”符合题意，故选 C项。tests“测验”，objects“物体；目标”，examples“例子”，均不符合题意。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.insignificant B.unexpectedC.unreliableD.incredible解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。本句意
30、为“尽管这 1看起来似乎_，但是遗传学家可不这么认为”。空前后形成对比转折的逻辑关系，而从后文列举的例子中可知遗传学家 James Fowler对这 1基因的态度是肯定的，insignificant“无关紧要的”符合题意，故答案为 A项。unexpected“出乎意料的”，unreliable“不可靠的”，incredible“难以置信的”均不符合语境。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.visitB.missC.know D.seek解析：解析：考查动词辨析。本句意为“大多数人甚至并不_他们的第四代堂兄弟姐妹，但却以某种方式成功地选择了那些”。填入的词必须满足前后句之间的转折关系，将四个选
31、项带入，只有Cknow“认识，知道”符合上下文语义。visit“访问，参观”，miss“错过；想念”，seek“寻找；探索”均不符合语境。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.surpassB.influenceC.favorD.resemble 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。本句意为“大多数人甚至并不认识他们的第四代堂兄弟姐妹，但却以某种方式成功地选择了那些_我们亲戚的人们作为朋友”。根据全文主旨“基因上的相似性”可知，resemble“类似，像”符合题意。surpass“超越，胜过”，influence“影响”，favor“赞成；喜欢”，均不符合语境。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.ag
32、ainB.also C.insteadD.thus解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。句子开头用 The study，显然这是对上文话题的继续阐述，前文指出研究发现朋友与我们有 1的基因关系，而空处所在句 the genes for smell were something shared in friends在进一步讨论该话题，前后之间是顺接关系，故答案为 Balso“也”。again“再一次，又”，instead“相反”，thus“因此”均不符合逻辑。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.MeanwhileB.FurthermoreC.LikewiseD.Perhaps 解析：解析：考查副词辨析。
33、从选项和句子结构可以判断，空格处要求填入一个能够体现前后两个句子逻辑关系的副词，空前的句子谈到“为什么在嗅觉基因方面存在相似性还很难解释”，空后却紧接着对此得出一个相关结论，很明显前后形成转折，所以此结论只能是一种不确定的推测，DPerhaps“可能”符合题意。Meanwhile“同时，其间”，Furthermore“此外，而且”，Likewise“同样，也”，均表示递进，无法顺畅承接上文。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.aboutB.to C.fromD.like解析：解析：考查介词辨析。本句的后半句出现了比较级，可见是和前文形成比较关系，因此和上半句介词保持一致，故用介词 to。
34、本句意为“它(这种相似性)吸引我们到相同的环境，并且使我们更为相似”。因此答案为 to。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.limitB.observeC.confuseD.drive 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。本句意为“可能有很多机制共同作用，从而_我们选择基因相似的朋友”。根据上下文可知，此处所填入动词需符合结构_sbin doing sth，纵观四个选项，只有Ddrive“驱使”符合此用法，表示：这些机制驱使我们选择基因相似的朋友。A 项 limit用于 limit sbto doing sth结构，observe“观察，遵守”和 confuse“困惑”均无此用法，故排除。(13)
35、.【C13】（分数：2.00）A.according toB.rather than C.regardless ofD.along with解析：解析：考查短语辨析及逻辑关系。空前说选择基因相似的朋友，空后说具有“功能亲属”的朋友，可知前后为对立关系，并且根据文章主题，可知肯定前者而否定后者，Brather than 意为“而不是”，符合题意。according to“根据”没有体现出对立及取舍关系；regardless of“不管”表让步关系，干扰性较强，但文章更强调取前舍后，因此排除；along with“伴随”表顺接，故排除。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.chancesB.r
36、esponsesC.benefits D.missions解析：解析：考查名词辨析。根据前文 functional kinship(功能亲属)可得出 benefits“利益”使前后形成呼应。chances“机会”，responses“反应”，missions“使命”均不符合题意。故选 C项。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.faster B.slowerC.laterD.earlier解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。本句意为“这项研究的重大发现之一是相似的基因似乎比其他基因进化得_”。由下一句中的 human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000
37、 years(人类进化在过去 3万年间提速)可知，所填单词与 picked pace(加速)形成呼应，故 faster“更快”符合题意。slower“更慢”，later“更晚”，earlier“更早”均不符合语境。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.forecastB.rememberC.expressD.understand 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。根据语意，空格后面是一个 why引导的宾语从句，指的是“人类进化在过去3万年间得以加速的原因”，表示这一研究的结果和意义。能与这一宾语从句构成搭配的只有understand“理解”，故选 D项。forecast“预测”与“过去 3万年”相
38、矛盾，remember“记住”和express“表达”均不符合题意。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.unpredictableB.contributory C.controllableD.disruptive解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。此空需要填入一个形容词，表达社会环境对人类进步所起到的作用。help及 pick pace这两个词表达的都是积极的含义，因此此处需要填入一个带有褒义色彩的词，因此排除unpredictable“不可预知的”和 disruptive“破坏性的”。而 controllable“可控的”与语意无关，因此正确答案为 Bcontributory“促进的”。(18
39、).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.tendency B.decisionC.arrangementD.endeavor解析：解析：考查名词辨析。此处进一步陈述这一研究的结论。本文的主旨重在解释人们在交朋友时的不自觉的一种倾向，而非通过人为的有意识的举动来选择朋友。因此正确答案为 tendency“倾向。decision“决定”，arrangement“安排”，endeavor“努力”均不符合题意。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.politicalB.religiousC.ethnic D.economic解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。结合文意，人们普遍希望和有相似基因背景的人交朋友。
40、ethnic“种族的，民族的”是上文中多次重复出现的 genes以及下文的 the same population的同义复现。因此正确答案为C项。political“政治的”，religious“宗教的”，economic“经济的”，均不符合文意。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.see B.showC.proveD.tell解析：解析：考查动词辨析。动词要与前后搭配。see that 构成固定词组，意为“务必使”，符合文意，本句意为“即使所有的实验对象都拥有欧洲血统，(研究者们)仍然悉心确保所有的实验对象、朋友和陌生人都来自于同一种群”。show“展示”，prove“证明”，tell
41、“辨别”均无此含义，且不符合题意，故答案为 A项。As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can“t remember【C1】_we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance“s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the br
42、ain【C2】_, we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.“【C3】_seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n)【C4】_ impact on our professional, social, and personal【C5】_. Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there“s actually a
43、 lot that can be done. It【C6】_out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental【C7】_can significantly improve our basic cognitive【C8】_. Thinking is essentially a【C9】_of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to【C10】_in making the c
44、onnections that drive intelligence is inherited.【C11】_, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 【C12】_mental effort. Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step【C13】_and developed the first “brain training pro
45、gram“ designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental【C14】_. The Web -based program【C15】_you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps【C16】_of your progress and provides detailed feedback【C17】_your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it
46、【C18】_modifies and enhances the games you play to【C19】_on the strengths you are developingmuch like a (n)【C20】_exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.where B.whenC.thatD.why解析：解析：考查上下文理解。本句中 remember后没有加宾语，所以我们可以判断后句应该是一个宾语从句，把选项中的四
47、个词代入句中都符合语法。但根据句意“突然间我们就记不住刚刚钥匙_”可知，人们常常是忘记钥匙放在哪，而不是“为什么放”或“什么时候放”，所以选择 Awhere。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.improvesB.fades C.recoversD.collapses解析：解析：考查动词辨析。本句意为“随着大脑功能_，我们常常把这些经历叫作老年失忆症”，由此可知文中说的是大脑功能的“退化”，所以 Bfades“衰退，减退”符合文意，为正确答案。Aimproves“提高”和 Crecovers“恢复”是反向干扰，可轻易排除；Dcollapses“崩溃”语气过重，也不符合文意。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.IfB.UnlessC.OnceD.While 解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。根据从句“_似乎看起来没有什么危害”和主句“精力的衰退会对我们在专业上、社会上和个人的_产生_影响”可知，主从句之间是转折关系。故选 DWhile“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。AIf“如果”，BUnless“除非”，COnce“一旦”都不符合题意，故排除。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.une
