1、考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷 2 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The world is on the top of a staggering rise in the number of old people, and t
2、hey will live longer than ever before.【C1】_the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600m to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when longer life【C2】_more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers tha
3、t this shift will lead to slower economic growth and【C3】_, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will smash government【C4】_. But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the【C5】_old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are f
4、alling among younger unskilled people,【C6】_older skilled folk are working longer. The【C7】_is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers are【C8】_retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce. Policy is【C9】_responsible. Many European governments hav
5、e abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Longer life, combined with the replacement of generous pension plans【C10】_meaner ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a【C11】_retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen s
6、harply for the highly educated, and those people continue to【C12】_rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than their【C13】_. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that【C14】_computers, from management expertise to creativity, do no
7、t necessarily【C15】_with age. This trend will benefit not just【C16】_elderly people but also, in some ways, society as a whole. Growth will slow less dramatically than expected; government revenues will be in better【C17】_, as high earners pay taxes for longer. At the other end of the social scale, how
8、ever, things look【C18】_. Manual work gets harder as people get older. The rapid innovation has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while【C19】_those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.AboveB.OverC.AmongD.Before(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）
9、A.translated intoB.drained onC.frowned atD.resulted from(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.corruptionB.disturbanceC.povertyD.depression(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.servicesB.regulationsC.facilitiesD.budgets(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.anxiousB.idleC.sickD.gloomy(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.sinceB.soC.whereasD.provided(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.breachB.
10、divideC.blunderD.progress(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.turning downB.living onC.putting offD.looking forward to(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.partlyB.reallyC.solelyD.wholly(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.beforeB.forC.afterD.with(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.innovativeB.comfortableC.ambitiousD.energetic(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.reapB.needC.expectD
11、.value(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.ancestorsB.descendantsC.predecessorsD.governors(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.requireB.updateC.processD.complement(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.declineB.disappearC.improveD.increase(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.honorableB.fortunateC.passionateD.optimistic(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.formB.shapeC.fashionD.con
12、trol(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.alikeB.hopefulC.grimD.shocking(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.removingB.boostingC.reformingD.squeezing(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.negligibleB.disastrousC.profoundD.inspiringIf you have ever wondered how an elephant smells, scientists have the answer. Researchers have discovered that African E
13、lephants have the largest number of genes【C1】_smell of any mammal. Given the size of their trunks, and how important it is【C2】_their survival, it is probably unsurprising that an elephant“s nose is not only the longest in the animal kingdom, but also the most effective. In【C3】_, humans and other pri
14、mates have a poor sense of smell. “The functions of these genes are not well known,【C4】_they are likely important for the living environment of African elephants,“ said author Dr Yoshihito Niimura of the University of Tokyo. “【C5】_, an elephant“s nose is not only long but also superior. “ The sense
15、of smell is【C6】_to all mammals, and they use it for【C7】_food, finding mates and locating their offspring. In a study published in Genome Research, scientists【C8】_the 13 mammal species and found that African Elephants have twice the number of smell genes【C9】_dogs and five times more than humans. They
16、 have around 2,000 genes alone that are associated with scent. Humans in comparison have just under 400 and some other primates even【C10】_. The study found that 20,000 genes are【C11】_for the sense of smell in mammals, of which around half are functional, but the collections【C12】_for each species. Ho
17、rses have around 1,000 smell genes, rabbits around 750 and rats about 1,200. “The large repertoire of elephant (smell) genes might be attributed to elephants“ heavy【C13】_on scent in various contexts, including social【C14】_and reproduction,“ added Dr Niimura. African and Asian elephants possess a【C15
18、】_scent organ behind each eye, and male elephants can produce a special substance during annual mating, which is characterized【C16】_increased aggressiveness. And【C17】_studies have revealed that, African elephants can reportedly【C18】_between two Kenyan ethnic groupsthe Maasai, whose young men【C19】_ma
19、nhood by spearing elephants, and the Kamba, who are agricultural people that【C20】_little threat to elephants through smell.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.given outB.dedicated toC.limited toD.hit upon(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.toB.inC.byD.through(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.practiceB.advanceC.comparisonD.short(4).【C4】（分
20、数：2.00）A.soB.becauseC.andD.but(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.SurprisinglyB.ApparentlyC.HappilyD.Contrarily(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.criticalB.casualC.dependentD.convenient(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.resorting toB.bursting intoC.coming acrossD.sniffing out(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.raisedB.examinedC.spottedD.captured(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.
21、asB.likeC.withD.than(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.betterB.lessC.worseD.more(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.helpfulB.responsibleC.suitableD.ready(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.differB.organizeC.gatherD.separate(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.enduranceB.ignoranceC.disturbanceD.reliance(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.organizationB.practiceC.communicatio
22、nD.negotiation(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.giganticB.specificC.naturalD.similar(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.byB.withC.asD.on(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.subsequentB.fabulousC.previousD.prospective(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.utterB.compareC.noticeD.distinguish(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.demonstrateB.concealC.appearD.connect(20).【C20】（分数：
23、2.00）A.deserveB.affordC.poseD.equip考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷 2 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：The world is on the top of a staggering ri
24、se in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before.【C1】_the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600m to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when longer life【C2】_more years in retirement rather than more years at w
25、ork, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth and【C3】_, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will smash government【C4】_. But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the【C5】_old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and
26、the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people,【C6】_older skilled folk are working longer. The【C7】_is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers are【C8】_retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce. Policy is【C9】_respo
27、nsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Longer life, combined with the replacement of generous pension plans【C10】_meaner ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a【C11】_retirement. But the changing nature of work a
28、lso plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to【C12】_rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than their【C13】_. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that【C14】_computers, from mana
29、gement expertise to creativity, do not necessarily【C15】_with age. This trend will benefit not just【C16】_elderly people but also, in some ways, society as a whole. Growth will slow less dramatically than expected; government revenues will be in better【C17】_, as high earners pay taxes for longer. At t
30、he other end of the social scale, however, things look【C18】_. Manual work gets harder as people get older. The rapid innovation has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while【C19】_those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.AboveB
31、.Over C.AmongD.Before解析：解析：句子指出将来世界上 65 岁以上的人口数量几近翻倍，这是对老龄化人口数量的预估。所需介词应搭配 the next 20 years 表示在将来的一个时期内。B 项 Over 代入后意为“在接下来的 20 年中”，故正确。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.translated into B.drained onC.frowned atD.resulted from解析：解析：基于本分句主语 longer life 与宾语 more yearsat work 的语义关系，应推断所需短语应含有“表示，意味”的语义。A 项 translated
32、 into“翻译成，转化为”代入后指 20 世纪里“更长寿意味着领退休金的年限更长而非工作的时间更长”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.corruptionB.disturbanceC.povertyD.depression 解析：解析：从 and 前的 slower economic growth(经济的缓慢增长)来看，句子提到的是其负面影响。选 D 项 depression“萧条，不景气”，与 slower economic growth 组成语义相关联的并列短语。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.servicesB.regulationsC.facilitiesD.budget
33、s 解析：解析：句首的连词 while 表明该句与上句存在对比。上句提到人口老龄化会对经济造成负面影响，而养老金的支出又会进一步地影响政府经济方面的计划、安排。D 项 budgets“预算”代入后可指老年人增多会压垮政府预算。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.anxiousB.idle C.sickD.gloomy解析：解析：句子涉及年轻人与老年人之间的差别。从与之对应的表达 the working young 来看，所需词应在语义上与 working 相对，故 B 项 idle“空闲的”正确。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.sinceB.soC.whereas D.provided
34、解析：解析：前一分句指出对于没有专业技能的年轻人来说，失业率在增加，空格后分句则提到技能娴熟的老年人工作时间在延长。前后分句描述了 younger unskilled people 与 older skilledfolk 在就业方面的差异，含对照的关系，故选 C 项 whereas“然而”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.breachB.divide C.blunderD.progress解析：解析：空格前定冠词 The 表明所需名词应是上文出现过的事物或内容。综合语篇，可推断所需词语义应与本段第一、二句所涉及的年轻人与老年人在就业上出现的差异相关。B 项 divide“分界”不仅满足语
35、义和逻辑要求，也可对应上文的 division、gap 等词。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.turning downB.living onC.putting off D.looking forward to解析：解析：句子指出“很多缺乏专业技能的年轻人已经失业”，相比之下，“受过良好教育的婴儿潮的一代”应该处于工作状态。C 项 putting off“推迟，顺延”代入后表示“延迟退休”，使该分句在语义上呼应了 older skilled folk are working longer 的表达。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.partly B.reallyC.solelyD.who
36、lly解析：解析：从该段第四句 But the changing nature of work also plays a big role 来看，此处所提及的 Policy 只是其中的一个原因。A 项 partly“部分地”正确。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.beforeB.forC.afterD.with 解析：解析：空格后的 ones 指代空格前的 pension plans。修饰 ones 的限定词 meaner 则与 gen-erous相对应。由此可推断所需介词应搭配 replacement 使用。根据 replacewith“用代替”的搭配。D 项 with 也同样可搭配
37、 replacement。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.innovativeB.comfortable C.ambitiousD.energetic解析：解析：上一句谈到慷慨的退休金被替代，这么一来，即便是相对富裕的人(better-off)也要工作更长时间。以便确保晚年生活舒适。选 B 项 comfortable“舒服的”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.reap B.needC.expectD.value解析：解析：those people 指代前一分句中 the highly educated。前面指出他们的收入急剧增长，根据continue to 的语义，可推断此
38、分句应说明他们在进入老龄后会继续享有高收入。A 项 reap 与 rewards 搭配后指“获得回报”，可指获得高收入。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.ancestorsB.descendantsC.predecessors D.governors解析：解析：受过高等教育的老年人从事的是脑力劳动，他们应比从事体力劳动的人群更能创造社会价值(more productive)。这些人比前一辈的人生产力高，故选 C 项 predecessors“前辈”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.requireB.updateC.processD.complement 解析：解析：冒号前分句
39、指出技术变革(Technological change)会使拥有专业技能的人更具生产力。要想实现这一情况，只有 skills 与 computers 相互结合和补充。D 项 complement“补充，补助”指技能可弥补计算机的不足，语义符合要求。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.decline B.disappearC.improveD.increase解析：解析：第二段提到 older skilled folk are working longer，这其实从另一侧面说明年长一些的人可以拥有技术和才能。因此像管理才能(management expertise)这样的技能是不会随着年龄
40、增长而减弱的。A 项 decline“下降，衰退”符合句义要求。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.honorableB.fortunate C.passionateD.optimistic解析：解析：This trend 指第二段第一句中提到的“有专业技能的人和无技能的人之间的鸿沟在不断拉大”的趋势。这些有技能的老年人工作时间更长并且享有高收入，从而使得退休后的生活有了保障。在政府减少养老金的形势下，这些老人能从上述趋势中获益，可认为他们是时代的幸运儿。B 项fortunate“幸运的”正确。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.formB.shape C.fashionD.con
41、trol解析：解析：既然高收入人群在延长交税时间(as 从句的内容)，政府的资金状况会更健康。be ingood shape 是常用表达，这童指政府财政状况更好，故选 B 项 shape。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.alikeB.hopefulC.grim D.shocking解析：解析：下句提到“随着年龄增长，体力劳动会变得更加艰难”，表明 however 后谈论负面影响。C项 grim“冷酷的，残忍的”代入后，指对体力劳动者来说事情也会显得很严峻，满足语义要求。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.removingB.boostingC.reformingD.squeez
42、ing 解析：解析：the skilled 与 the unskilled 两类人群在收入上会存在差别。空格前谈到这种快速变革增加了高技能人才的收入。while 表对比，即无技能人群收入会减少。D 项 squeezing“挤压，压缩”代入句中指它减少了无技能人群的收入。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.negligibleB.disastrousC.profound D.inspiring解析：解析：综观全文，可以知道 The consequences 不仅影响着人们的工作时间、工作报酬等，也影响着政府预算和社会保障；不仅有正面影响也有负面影响。因此可认为，它对个人和社会的影响深远，故
43、 C项 profound“深刻的，深切的”正确。If you have ever wondered how an elephant smells, scientists have the answer. Researchers have discovered that African Elephants have the largest number of genes【C1】_smell of any mammal. Given the size of their trunks, and how important it is【C2】_their survival, it is probabl
44、y unsurprising that an elephant“s nose is not only the longest in the animal kingdom, but also the most effective. In【C3】_, humans and other primates have a poor sense of smell. “The functions of these genes are not well known,【C4】_they are likely important for the living environment of African elep
45、hants,“ said author Dr Yoshihito Niimura of the University of Tokyo. “【C5】_, an elephant“s nose is not only long but also superior. “ The sense of smell is【C6】_to all mammals, and they use it for【C7】_food, finding mates and locating their offspring. In a study published in Genome Research, scientist
46、s【C8】_the 13 mammal species and found that African Elephants have twice the number of smell genes【C9】_dogs and five times more than humans. They have around 2,000 genes alone that are associated with scent. Humans in comparison have just under 400 and some other primates even【C10】_. The study found
47、that 20,000 genes are【C11】_for the sense of smell in mammals, of which around half are functional, but the collections【C12】_for each species. Horses have around 1,000 smell genes, rabbits around 750 and rats about 1,200. “The large repertoire of elephant (smell) genes might be attributed to elephant
48、s“ heavy【C13】_on scent in various contexts, including social【C14】_and reproduction,“ added Dr Niimura. African and Asian elephants possess a【C15】_scent organ behind each eye, and male elephants can produce a special substance during annual mating, which is characterized【C16】_increased aggressiveness. And【C
