1、考研英语二（阅读）-试卷 11 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_The European Union reached a preliminary deal to cu
2、rb banker“s compensation that would drastically limit the account that can be paid in bonuses. Britain resisted the move to cap the ratio between bankers“ fixed and variable pay. In a nod to opposition from the City of London the new rules treat long-term incentives linked to equities and bonds more
3、 favourably. The deal has to be agreed on by finance ministries next week. The Royal Bank of Scotland, which is still majority owned by the British taxpayer five years after a government bail-out, reported an annual pre-tax loss of 5. 2 billion, mostly because of an accounting quirk connected to the
4、 value of its own debts. RBS“s loss was put in the shade , however, when Bankia later posted a net loss for 2012 of 19 billion. The Spanish government owns just under half the bank, but that is expected soon to rise to 70%. A report by McKinsey underlined the impact of the financial crisis on annual
5、 cross-border capital flows, which fell by 60% from 2007 to $ 4. 6 trillion last year. The study says that financial globalisation has “stalled“ and that markets have reached an “inflection point“ that could lead to a “Balkanised“ structure based on local, rather than global, banking systems. Japan“
6、s prime minister, Shinzo Abe, nominated Haruhiko Kuroda to become the next governor of the Bank of Japan. Mr Kuroda is the current head of the Asian Development Bank and had been a vocal critic of the BOJ. Mr Abe has turned the central bank“s record into a political issue, urging it to do more to he
7、lp “the real economy“. India“s government unveiled the country“s most important budget in years, as it seeks to boost output while controlling inflation. Growth has cooled rapidly to around 5% . The official forecast says that the economy will expand by up to 6. 6% in 20132014, but the opposition is
8、 quick to point out that the estimate for this year was overly optimistic.（分数：10.00）(1).What can be learned from the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The EU has reached an agreement to control banker“s compensation.B.The deal would considerably increase the account paid in bonuses.C.Britain agreed on the
9、act to limit the ratio between banker“s fixed and variable pay.D.The deal to curb banker“s compensation has been agreed on by finance ministries.(2).According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.The Royal Bank of Scotland is completely possessed by the British taxpayer.B.The Ro
10、yal Bank of Scotland suffered a great loss that led to its bankruptcy.C.The Royal Bank of Scotland suffered the loss due to an accounting quirk.D.The Royal Bank of Scotland lost a great sum because of a financial crisis.(3).The underlined phrase “ put in the shade“(Paragraph 3, Line 1)is most probab
11、ly equal to_.（分数：2.00）A.put in the darknessB.nothing big in comparisonC.more serious than othersD.the most serious of all(4).McKinsey“s report has_.（分数：2.00）A.emphasized the influence of financial crisisB.stressed the importance of financial globalisationC.shown the effect exerted by the “inflection
12、 point“D.highlighted the impact of “Balkanised“ structure(5).Opponents of economic projection in India reckon that_.（分数：2.00）A.the government will cut budget in yearsB.economy will grow by 6. 6% in the year to comeC.economic growth may be replaced by stagnationD.government prediction for this year m
13、ay disappoint usOn America“s Gulf coast, massive industrial facilities stand idle. Miles of twisting stainless-steel pipes and huge storage tanks gleam uselessly in the sun. They are a reminder of the hundreds of billions of dollars that America has invested in terminals for handling imports of liqu
14、efied natural gas(LNG). Thanks to the boom in domestic shale gas, those imports are no longer needed. America produces nearly as much gas as it consumes, and will soon produce far more. So the obvious thing to do with those idle terminals is to re-engineer them to handle exports. Instead of receivin
15、g shiploads of liquefied gas and re-gasifying it, they should be taking American gas, liquefying it and loading it onto tankers. Converting these plants will not be cheapeach one will cost at least $ 5 billion. But the potential rewards are much larger. In America gas sells for around $ 3.40 per mil
16、lion British thermal units(mBTU). In Europe it costs around $ 12. In gas-poor Asia, spot cargoes change hands for as much as $ 20 per mBTU. Since it costs roughly $ 5 per mBTU to liquefy the stuff, ship it and turn it back into gas, America could be making a fortune from gas exports. To the extent t
17、hat such exports displaced dirty coal, they would also help curb global warming. Most of America“s two dozen LNG import terminals have applied for export licences. Yet only one, Sabine Pass in Louisiana, has actually started retooling its kit. Gas from there will start flowing onto global markets by
18、 the end of 2015. Why has every other terminal been so slow to seize this opportunity? Converting a plant is not easy: firms must build now upon row of expensive fridges, known as “liquefaction trains“ , to get gas moving in the opposite direction. But the real hold-up is political. No LNG facility
19、besides Sabine has yet received permission to export. American law requires the Department of Energy to determine whether gas exports are in the public interest, and President Barack Obama“s administration is in no hurry to make up its mind.（分数：10.00）(1).America became less dependent on imported gas
20、 due to_.（分数：2.00）A.the use of massive industrial facilitiesB.billions of dollars invested in terminalsC.the prosperity of home-produced gasD.the less consumption of domestic gas(2).What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.It is easy to deal with the idle terminals.B.The government will soon
21、 convert the idle terminals.C.The potential reward to convert the plants isn“t substantial.D.Converting the plants may be beneficial in the long term.(3).America can earn a great fortune by_.（分数：2.00）A.gas importsB.gas exportsC.imports of oilD.exports of coal(4).We can learn from Paragraph 4 that_.（
22、分数：2.00）A.Sabine has begun to retool its facilityB.Sabine has begun to sell gas to global marketsC.Most LNG terminals have gained export licencesD.Every terminal has been quick to grab the chance(5).We can judge from the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.No LNG facility except Sabine has gained permis
23、sion to exportB.Gas exports in America represent the interest of the publicC.Barack Obama“s government has made up its mindD.A plant is difficult to be convertedIn Jonathan Swift“s 1726 novel, “Gulliver“s Travels“ , the Yahoos are a degraded band of hu-manoids kept tied in stalls by their captors. I
24、t is therefore appropriate that a recent, widely leaked memo from Yahoo“s human-resources manager, Jackie Reses, began with the toe-curling salutation with which managers at the company normally address underlings; “Yahoos“. “ We can all feel the energy and buzz in our offices,“ the memo went on. Pr
25、esumably, though, while some Yahoos are feeling it, others are hanging around at home in their pajamas, for the memo went onto say that from June all Yahoos will be required to turn up in the office unless they have a good excuse. “The best is yet to come,“ the memo endeda claim which may sound impl
26、ausible to the employees of a company whose market capitalisation has fallen from $ 125 billion in 2000 to $ 25 billion now. It is understandable that Marissa Mayer, Yahoo“s recently appointed chief executive, should want to extract some more value from the employees she leads. Google“s workers each
27、 generate $ 931,657 revenue, 160% more than the $ 353, 657 produced by each of Yahoo“s employees. And it is also reasonable for a company to want to discourage its employees from behaving like freelances. After all, firms exist largely because people are more productive together than apart. But tyin
28、g the Yahoos to their stalls in the company“s offices does not seem like the right way to go about boosting their output. Plenty of evidence suggests that letting employees work from home is good for productivity. It allows them to use their time more efficiently and to spend more time with their fa
29、milies and less fuming in traffic jams or squashed on trains. It can reduce companies“ costs. Cisco claimed in 2009 that it was saving $ 277m a year by allowing its people to teleeommute. A study by researchers at Stanford and Beijing Universities of a large Chinese travel company compared the perfo
30、rmance of employees allowed to work from home with those who were stuck in the office: among the home-workers, job satisfaction rose, staff turnover fell by half and productivity went up by 13%. Hardly surprising, since a lot of people don“t seem to work while they are at work; last year J. C. Penne
31、y, an American retailer, discovered that a third of its headquarters“ bandwidth was taken up by employees watching YouTube videos.（分数：10.00）(1).The novel “Gulliver“s Travels“ is mentioned to_.（分数：2.00）A.introduce the topic of “Yahoos“B.show that Yahoos are a degraded groupC.praise the great works of
32、 Jonathan SwiftD.describe Yahoo“s human-resource manager(2).We know from Paragraph 2 that_.（分数：2.00）A.most Yahoos can feel the busy atmosphere in their officesB.some Yahoos always don“t come to work with a good excuseC.the memo may sound irrational to many of Yahoo“s employeesD.employees are to blam
33、e for the shrink of Yahoo“s market value(3).The third paragraph shows us that_.（分数：2.00）A.Google“s employees are less productive than Yahoo“sB.People become less productive when they are separatedC.It is reasonable for a company to encourage its employees to behave freelyD.Marissa Mayer wants to sha
34、re more value with the employees she leads(4).What can be concluded from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Confining the employees in the office can promote their output.B.Working at home is advantageous for boosting productivity.C.Working in the office can reduce the company“s costs.D.Staying at home m
35、akes people work less efficiently.(5).The author“s attitude towards working at home seems to be_.（分数：2.00）A.biasedB.indifferentC.impartialD.favorable“ We will safeguard Britain“s credit rating with a credible plan to eliminate the bulk of the structural deficit over a parliament,“ read the 2010 Cons
36、ervative manifesto. Well, so much for that. The decision by Moody“s, one of the three big rating agencies, to downgrade Britain from Aaa to Aal on February 22nd was a colossal embarrassment. Moody“s now ranks Britain“s credit lower than that of Luxembourg or the Isle of Man. Will the downgrade harm
37、the economy? In the past countries with lower credit ratings have had to pay higher borrowing costs. But neither America, which was downgraded in 2011 , or France, which suffered a similar fate last year, has suffered much. It is hard to spot an immediate impact in Britain, either. Investors had exp
38、ected the ratings agencies to act after last year“s autumn statement revealed that the government was struggling to reduce its deficit on schedule. The two other big ratings agenciesFitch and Standard figures released on February 27th showed that GDP had shrunk by 0. 3% in the fourth quarter of 2012
39、 and is still 3% smaller than it was in the first quarter of 2008. Growth forecasts for the next few years were lowered in the autumn statement.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, Moody“s is_.（分数：2.00）A.an agency that helps parliament to deal with deficitB.a department that supervises other governm
40、ent sectorsC.an agency that involves and makes decisions on credit ratingD.an organization that helps protect the country“s credit rating(2).The downgrade of credit ranking will_.（分数：2.00）A.force a country to pay higher taxB.safeguard a country“s benefitsC.lead to bankruptcy of a countryD.do harm to
41、 a country“s economy(3).Britain has subjected to the situation that_.（分数：2.00）A.its currency value has declined against dollar and euroB.its government was struggling to reduce its foreign debtC.ratings agencies have taken action to lower its credit ratingsD.Fitch and Standard “Yahoos“. “ We can all
42、 feel the energy and buzz in our offices,“ the memo went on. Presumably, though, while some Yahoos are feeling it, others are hanging around at home in their pajamas, for the memo went onto say that from June all Yahoos will be required to turn up in the office unless they have a good excuse. “The b
43、est is yet to come,“ the memo endeda claim which may sound implausible to the employees of a company whose market capitalisation has fallen from $ 125 billion in 2000 to $ 25 billion now. It is understandable that Marissa Mayer, Yahoo“s recently appointed chief executive, should want to extract some
44、 more value from the employees she leads. Google“s workers each generate $ 931,657 revenue, 160% more than the $ 353, 657 produced by each of Yahoo“s employees. And it is also reasonable for a company to want to discourage its employees from behaving like freelances. After all, firms exist largely b
45、ecause people are more productive together than apart. But tying the Yahoos to their stalls in the company“s offices does not seem like the right way to go about boosting their output. Plenty of evidence suggests that letting employees work from home is good for productivity. It allows them to use t
46、heir time more efficiently and to spend more time with their families and less fuming in traffic jams or squashed on trains. It can reduce companies“ costs. Cisco claimed in 2009 that it was saving $ 277m a year by allowing its people to teleeommute. A study by researchers at Stanford and Beijing Un
47、iversities of a large Chinese travel company compared the performance of employees allowed to work from home with those who were stuck in the office: among the home-workers, job satisfaction rose, staff turnover fell by half and productivity went up by 13%. Hardly surprising, since a lot of people d
48、on“t seem to work while they are at work; last year J. C. Penney, an American retailer, discovered that a third of its headquarters“ bandwidth was taken up by employees watching YouTube videos.（分数：10.00）(1).The novel “Gulliver“s Travels“ is mentioned to_.（分数：2.00）A.introduce the topic of “Yahoos“ B.
49、show that Yahoos are a degraded groupC.praise the great works of Jonathan SwiftD.describe Yahoo“s human-resource manager解析：解析：本题根据题干中的“Gulliver“s Travels”很容易定位到首段。文章首句提到小说中描述的Yahoos 这个群体，第二句立刻转到雅虎公司，可见作者提及格列佛游记只是为了引出雅虎这个话题。因此选项A正确。(2).We know from Paragraph 2 that_.（分数：2.00）A.most Yahoos can feel the busy atmosphere in their o
