1、考研英语（一）-试卷 16及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_College sports in the United States are a huge deal. Almost all major American unive
2、rsities have football, baseball, basketball and hockey programs, and【C1】_millions of dollars each year to sports. Most of them earn millions【C2】_as well, in television revenues, sponsorships. They also benefit【C3】_from the added publicity they get via their teams. Big-name universities【C4】_each othe
3、r in the most popular sports. Football games at Michigan regularly【C5】_crowds of over 20, 000. Basketball“s national collegiate championship game is a TV【C6】_on a par with any other sporting event in the United States, 【C7】_perhaps the Super Bowl itself. At any given time during fall or winter one c
4、an 【C8】_one“s TV set and see the top athletic programs from schools like Michigan, UCLA, Duke and Stanford 【C9】_in front of packed houses and national TV audiences. The athletes themselves are【C10】_and provided with scholarships. College coaches identify【C11】_teen-agers and then go into high schools
5、 to【C12】_the country“s best players to attend their universities. There are strict rules about【C13】_coaches can recruit no recruiting calls after 9 p. m. , only one official visit to a campus but they are often bent and sometimes【C14】_. Top college football programs【C15】_scholarships to 20 or 30 pla
6、yers each year, and those student-athletes, when they arrive【C16】_campus, receive free housing, tuition, meals, books, etc. In return, the players【C17】_the program in their sport. Football players at top colleges 【C18】_two hours a day, four days a week from January to April. In summer, it“s back to
7、strength and agility training four days a week until mid-August, when camp【C19】_and preparation for the opening of the September-to-December season begins【C20】_During the season, practices last two or three hours a day from Tuesday to Friday. Saturday is game day. Mondays are an officially mandated
8、day of rest.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.attributeB.distributeC.devoteD.attach(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.outB.byC.inD.back(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.apparentlyB.indirectlyC.regularlyD.greatly(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.compete forB.compete inC.compete againstD.compete over(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.drawB.amuseC.governD.handle(6).【C
9、6】（分数：2.00）A.spectatorB.spectacleC.spectrumD.speculation(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.saveB.includingC.evenD.and(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.flick onB.flap atC.fling awayD.flush out(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.fightingB.campaigningC.battlingD.contesting(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.recruitedB.reconciledC.rectifiedD.reserved(11).【C11】（分数：2
10、.00）A.promisingB.pleasingC.prominentD.professional(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.contriveB.convinceC.convertD.convict(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.whatC.howD.whether(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.ignoredB.neglectedC.rememberedD.noticed(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.offerB.affordC.prizeD.reward(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.inB.onC.atD.aroun
11、d(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.commit themselves toB.commit themselves onC.commute themselves toD.comply themselves to(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.work inB.work outC.work overD.work off(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.recallsB.enlistsC.convenesD.collects(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.in principleB.in confidenceC.in nameD.in earnest二、Read
12、ing Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._When U. S. News started the college and university rankings 25 years ago, no one imagined that these lists would becom
13、e what some consider to be the 800-pound gorilla of American higher education, important enough to be the subject of doctoral dissertations, academic papers and conferences, endless debate, and constant media coverage. What began with little fanfare“ has spawned imitation college rankings in at leas
14、t 21 countries or regions, including Canada, China, Britain, Germany, Poland, Russia, Spain, and Taiwan. Today, it“s hard to imagine there ever was a void of information to help people make direct comparisons between colleges, but such was the case in 1983 when we first ventured into the field. The
15、editors back then, led by Marvin L. Stone, thought the project was worth attempting because a college education is one of the most important and most costly investments that people ever make. So the magazine designed a survey and sent it out to 1, 308 college presidents to get their opinions of whic
16、h schools offered the best education. The winners: Stanford (National Universities) and Amherst (National Liberal Arts Colleges). That academic-reputation-only method was repeated in 1985 and 1987. In 1988, we started to use statistical data as part of the ranking methodology, evaluating those numbe
17、rs along with the results of the survey. In 1997, in another pioneering step, the America“s Best Colleges rankings made the leap online at usnews. com. The online version, viewed by millions, has substantially more information and extended rankings than there is room for in the magazine. Of course,
18、we“ve changed the ranking formula over the years to reflect changes in the world of higher education. In general, the biggest shift has been the move toward evaluating colleges less by the quality of the students they attract (inputs) and more by the success the school has in graduating those studen
19、ts (outputs). We operate under the guiding principle that the methodology should be altered only if the change will better help our readers compare schools as they“re making decisions about where to apply and enroll. Based on the success of the college rankings, we decided to expand the process to o
20、ther levels of education. The America“s Best Graduate Schools rankings debuted in 1990 with annual listings of medical, engineering, law, business, and education schools. Our newest education ranking is America“s Best High Schools, first published in the fall of 2007. It identified the 100 best publ
21、ic schools out of more than 18,000 across the nation. Just as when we embarked on college rankings, setting up the process wasn“t easy, but it“s already proved to have enormous weight with our readers.（分数：10.00）(1).After the birth of the college and university rankings,（分数：2.00）A.most of the people
22、foresaw their importance in the future.B.they changed into a heavy burden of American higher education.C.they became one of the subjects in academic fields.D.only a few countries imitated the college rankings.(2).It can be inferred from the second paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.in 1983, there wasn“t any i
23、nformation to help people compare colleges directly.B.the editors led by Marvin L. Stone doubted about the value of college rankings.C.two universities out of 1, 308 across the nation won the prize of the best education.D.the magazine designed a survey to identify the most important factor in colleg
24、e rankings.(3).Which of the following is the biggest shift of the ranking formula?（分数：2.00）A.Evaluating colleges by using statistical data as part of the ranking methodology.B.Evaluating colleges by using the online version in the ranking as a pioneering step.C.Evaluating colleges less by the dilige
25、nce of the students the school attracts.D.Evaluating colleges more by the success the school achieves in graduating students.(4).The word “debut“ (Line 2, Para. 5) probably means（分数：2.00）A.make first appearance.B.reach the peak.C.be turned down.D.lead to arguments.(5).What can be inferred from the t
26、ext?（分数：2.00）A.The college rankings do a lot to help the students who don“t know which university to choose.B.Education of different levels adopts the ranking system to encourage competition.C.The newest education ranking exercises a great deal of influence on the readers.D.U. S. News has a deep und
27、erstanding on the response of the readers.Renewable energy, it turns out, does grow on trees. The fruit pods plucked from jatropha trees have seeds that produce clean-burning diesel fuel. But unlike corn and other biofuel sources, the jatropha doesn“t have to compete with food crops for arable land.
28、 Even in the worst of soils, it grows like weeds. Sound too good to be true? That“s why brothers Paul and Mark Dalton chose to name their Florida jatropha company My Dream Fuel. If President Barack Obama“s green-energy rhetoric is on the level, this should be the year the U. S. gets clued in to what
29、 much of the rest of the world is already betting: that jatropha, like other nonfood sources such as algae, will revive a biofuels movement battered of late by charges that it diverts too many crops from too many mouths. India has set aside 100 million acres for jatropha and expects the oil to accou
30、nt for 20% of its diesel consumption by 2011. Australia, China, Brazil and Kenya have also embraced it. In December, a Boeing 747 was successfully test-flown by Air New Zealand using a 50-50 blend of jatropha and aviation fuel. “This is a superior biodiesel, “ says Roy Beckford, a University of Flor
31、ida researcher and expert on sustainable farm development. He has been studying different varieties of jatropha and in February plans to publish his findings that trees like those the Daltons are growing (since 2006 they“ve planted 900,000 near Fort Myers) thrive so well in Florida that they may yie
32、ld up to eight times as much oil as they do in places like India and Africa. Native to the Caribbean, jatropha curcas was taken to India in the 1600s by Portuguese sailors who used the seeds for long-burning lamp oil. When Paul Dalton, 54, a Washington attorney, decided to invest $ 500,000 in an alt
33、ernative-fuel venture, he followed the Portuguese trail to India and found prolific new jatropha varieties being cloned in the city of Mysore. The fuel emits negligible greenhouse gases, and the trees can capture four tons of carbon dioxide per acre (which might make growers eligible for carbon cred
34、its on the global market). Says Ron Pernick, co-founder of the alternative-energy research firm Clean Edge, “Jatropha isn“t a silver bullet, but it looks very promising. “ That“s good news not only for energy gluttons like the U. S. but also for energy-starved nations like Haiti, which rarely has en
35、ough diesel to power its capital for a full day. My Dream Fuel donates jatropha trees to Caribbean countries in the hope that they won“t have to choose between producing enough fuel and producing enough food. “We want to make money with jatropha, but we also want to make a difference, “ Paul Dalton
36、says. If jatropha can do both, it“s an idea that could grow like weeds.（分数：10.00）(1).As renewable energy, jatropha（分数：2.00）A.has proved to produce the best biofuel in the world.B.is significantly different from other biofuel sources.C.sounds so good that it can“t become reality.D.has resulted in a n
37、ew biofuels movement in the world.(2).We can learn from Para. 2 and 3 that（分数：2.00）A.Air New Zealand has put jatropha oil into practical use in its planes.B.the former biofuels movement was accused of occupying cultivated land.C.India has adopted jatropha oil as its main oil supplier.D.jatropha in F
38、lorida may produce 8 times more oil than that in Africa.(3).Para. 4 mainly tells us（分数：2.00）A.jatropha“s bright future with its advantages.B.jatropha“s long history as a biofuel.C.jatropha“s advantages as a biofuel.D.many cloned prolific varieties of jatropha in India.(4).What Paul Dalton says in th
39、e last paragraph is to show（分数：2.00）A.Jatropha can make a great amount of money for him.B.Jatropha can make a difference for his company.C.Jatropha may play an important role for many countries.D.Jatropha may grow like weeds in Caribbean countries.(5).Which of the following would be the best title f
40、or this text?（分数：2.00）A.A Different Kind of Renewable Energy: JatrophaB.Jatropha: A Widely Planted Energy-producing TreeC.Jatropha: The Next Big Biofuel?D.Jatropha Can Also Produce Diesel FuelThe year 1609 was noteworthy for two astronomical milestones. That was when Galileo built his first telescop
41、es and began his meticulous study of the skies. Within months he discovered the four major satellites of Jupiter, saw that Venus (like our moon) has illuminated phases and confirmed earlier observations of sunspots all evidence that undermined the Aristotelian model of an unchanging, Earth-centered
42、cosmos. During that same year, Johannes Kepler published Astronomia Nova, which contained his detailed calculation of the orbit of Mars. It also established the first two laws of planetary motion: that planets follow elliptical orbits, with the sun at one focus, and that planets sweep through equal
43、areas of their orbits in a given interval. Small wonder, then, that when the United Nations General Assembly declared an International Year of Astronomy to promote the wider appreciation of the science, it selected 2009, the quadricentennial of those standout accomplishments (among many) by Galileo
44、and Kepler that informally founded modern astronomy. Currently astronomers can look beyond the familiar planets and moons to entirely new systems of worlds around other stars. As I write this, the tally stands at 344 known extrasolar planets. Only a handful of these bodies were found by telescopic m
45、eans that Galileo or Kepler would have recognized, but each one owes its discovery to their work. A recent and surprising trend is the apparent abundance of planets turning up close to very small stars suns that may not be much larger than the planets circling them. Astronomers Michael W. Werner and
46、 Michael A. Jura have written on why the existence of these unlikely planetary systems might imply that the universe is chock-full of planets. This year also marks the 50th anniversary of the famous “Two Cultures“ lecture by C. P. Snow, the English physicist and novelist. Snow“s speech, and his late
47、r books that elaborated on it, argued that communication and respect between the sciences and humanities had broken down. Literary intellectuals, he said, were often confused at their own ignorance of basic science and yet would be shocked at a scientist unfamiliar with Shakespeare; conversely, scie
48、ntists were more likely to have some schooling in the arts. This asymmetrical hostility hurt society, Snow maintained, because it hindered the embrace of what science and technology could do to eliminate poverty and inequality. Even today critics disagree about whether Snow“s thesis is better seen as controversial or clichd. If the “two cultures“ is a problem, however, some leaders not just in science but also industry, government and nongovernmental organizations are overcoming it spectacularly. They are do
