1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 33（无答案）一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The “standard of living“ of any country means the average persons share of the goods and services which the country produces. A count
2、rys standard of living, (1)_, depends first and (2)_ on its capacity to produce wealth“. Wealth“ in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money (3)_ on things that money can buy. “Goods“ such as food and clothing, and “services“ such as transport and “ (4)_ “. A countrys capacity to produce
3、 wealth depends upon many factors, most of (5)_ have an effect on one another. Wealth depends (6)_ a great extent upon a countrys natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a (7)_ climate; other regions possess none of them.Next
4、 to natural resources (8)_ the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well (9)_ as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and (10)_ wars, and (11)_ this and other reasons was (12)_ to develop her resources. (13)_ and stable political conditions, and (14)_ from
5、 foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well (15)_ by nature but less well ordered.A countrys standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed (16)_ its
6、own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. (17)_, Britains wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on (18)_ grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad
7、 for the agricultural products that would (19)_ be lacking. A countrys wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, (20)_ that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.（A）however（B） therefore（C） nevertheless（D）furthermore（A）primary（B） principal（C） foremos
8、t（D）uniquely（A）or（B） nor（C） but（D）except（A）recreation（B） enlightenment（C） refreshment（D）entertainment（A）it（B） them（C） which（D）that（A）with（B） for（C） to（D）on（A）neutral（B） favorable（C） virtuous（D）marine（A）comes（B） come（C） coming（D）came（A）off（B） known（C） done（D）furnished（A）military（B） external（C） conrem
9、porary（D）domestic（A）for（B） because（C） because of（D）due to（A）impossible（B） incapable（C） unable（D）proficient（A）Strong（B） Sturdy（C） Sound（D）Robust（A）liberty（B） freedom（C） prevention（D）liberation（A）assisted（B） avenged（C） rescued（D）served（A）with（B） within（C） near（D）around（A）In short（B） For example（C） Fir
10、st of all（D）On one hand（A）those（B） what（C） that（D）it（A）likely（B） likewise（C） certainly（D）otherwise（A）provided（B） depended（C） given（D）supposedPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 “It is an evil influence on the y
11、outh of our country. “ A politician condemning video gaming? Actually, a clergyman denouncing rock and roll 50 years ago. But the sentiment could just as easily have been voiced by Hillary Clinton in the past few weeks, as she blamed video games for “a silent epidemic of media desensitisation“ and “
12、stealing the innocence of our children“.The gaming furore centers on “Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas“, a popular and notoriously violent cops and robbers game that turned out to contain hidden sex scenes that could be unlocked using a patch downloaded from the internet. The resulting outcry (mostly f
13、rom Democratic politicians playing to the centre) caused the games rating in America to be changed from “mature“, which means you have to be 17 to buy it, to “adults only“, which means you have to be 18, but also means that big retailers such as Wal-Mart will not stock it. As a result the game has b
14、een banned in Australia; and, this autumn, Americas Federal Trade Commission will investigate the complaints. That will give gaming s opponents an opportunity to vent their wrath on the industry.Skepticism of new media is a tradition with deep roots, going back at least as far as Socrates objections
15、 to written texts, outlined in Platos Phaedrus. Socrates worried that relying on written texts, rather than the oral tradition, would “create forgetfulness in the learners souls, because they will not use their memories; they will trust to the external written characters and not remember of themselv
16、es. “ (He also objected that a written version of a speech was no substitute for the ability to interrogate the speaker, since, when questioned, the text “always gives one unvarying answer“. His objection, in short, was that books were not interactive. Perhaps Socrates would have thought more highly
17、 of video games.)Novels were once considered too low-brow for university literature courses, but eventually the disapproving professors retired. Waltz music and dancing were condemned in the 19th century; all that twirling was thought to be “intoxicating“ and “depraved“, and the music was outlawed i
18、n some places. Today it is hard to imagine what the fuss was about. And rock and roll was thought to encourage violence, promiscuity and Satanism; but today even grannies buy Coldplay albums.21 We can learn from the text that human beings have a history of_.（A）fascination for the academic establishm
19、ent（B） enthusiasm for juvenile psychology（C） disbelief in the novel medium（D）hatred of political corruption22 The attitudes of Socrates and Hillary Clinton toward the novel medium are_.（A）identical（B） optimistic（C） panicked（D）confused23 Video games would have been recommended by Socrates due to its_
20、.（A）text messages（B） oral tradition（C） unvarying answers（D）two-way communication24 To which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?（A）The emergence of video games is bound to breed evil.（B） Theres no legal ruling that video games are bad for people, and they may be positively
21、 good.（C） University literature courses are subject to the harassment of video games.（D）Theres no sound proof that adults are prone to the moral decline when engaged in video games.25 When mentioning novels, waltz music and rock and roll, the author is suggesting（A）the mishaps of vogues（B） the misfo
22、rtune of art masterpieces（C） the prospect of video games（D）the effects of various art forms26 Britains richest people have experienced the biggest-ever rise in their wealth, according to the Sunday Times Rich List. Driven by the new economy of Internet and computer entrepreneurs, the wealth of those
23、 at the top of the financial tree has increased at an unprecedented rate. The 12th annual Rich List will show that the collective worth of the countrys richest 1,000 people reached nearly 146 billion by January, the cut-off point for the survey. They represented an increase of 31 billion, or 27%, in
24、 just 12 months. Since the survey was compiled, Britains richest have added billions more to their wealth, thanks to the continuing boom in technology shares on the stock market. This has pushed up the total value of the wealth of the richest 1,000 to a probable 160 billion according to Dr. Philip B
25、eresford, Britains acknowledged expert on personal wealth who compiles the Sunday Times Rich List.The millennium boom exceeds anything in Britains economic history, including the railway boom of the 1840s and the South Sea bubble of 1720. “It has made Margaret Thatchers boom seem as sluggish as Edwa
26、rd Heaths three-day week,“ said Beresford. “We are seeing billions being added to the national wealth every week.“ William Rubinstein, professor of modem history at the University of Wales, Abe Ystwyth, confirmed that the growth in wealth was unprecedented. “Almost all of todays wealth has been crea
27、ted since the industrial revolution, but even by those heady standards the current boom is extraordinary,“ he said. “There is no large-scale cultural opposition or guilt about making money. In many ways British business attitudes can now challenge the United States.“Although the Britains richest are
28、 experiencing the sharpest surge in wealth, the rest of the population has also benefited from the stock market boom and rising house prices. Last year wealth rose by 16% to a record 4,267 billion, according to calculation by the investment bank Salomon Smith Barney. In real terms, wealth has increa
29、sed by more than a third since the late 1980s.Much of the wealth of the richest is held in shares in start-up companies. Some of these paper fortunes, analysts agree, could easily be wiped out, although the wealth-generating effects of the interest revolution seem to be here to stay.A Sunday Times Y
30、oung Rich List confirms that people are becoming wealthier younger. It includes the 60 richest millionaires aged 30 or under. At the top, on 600m, is the “old money“ Earl of Iveagh, 30, head of the Guinness brewing family. In second place is Charles Nasser, also 30, who launched the Clara-NET Intern
31、et provider four years ago and is worth 300m. The remaining eight in the top 10 young millionaires made their money from computing and the Internet.26 The “cut-off point for the survey“ (Paragraph 1) refers to（A）Januarythe deadline for the survey.（B） 31 millionthe increase of wealth in just 12 month
32、s.（C） 160 millionthe total value of the wealth of the richest 1000.（D）146 billionthe collective worth of the countrys richest 1000 people.27 How have the business attitudes changed in Britain?（A）People do not feel guilty about making money.（B） Doing business in Britain is even more challenging than
33、in America.（C） Todays economic boom cannot surpass Margaret Thatchers boom.（D）Three-day week showed British people were more sluggish than they are today.28 The millennium economic boom in Britain（A）benefits the richest alone.（B） is primarily due to the Internet revolution.（C） makes the life of the
34、rest of the population even worse off.（D）has added to the Britains wealth by 16% since the late 1980s.29 The author calls the wealth of the richest “paper fortunes“ because（A）their wealth can be easily lost.（B） their wealth is greatly influenced by start-up companies.（C） their wealth is mainly gener
35、ated from technology shares.（D）their wealth is quickly devaluated with the up-and-down of house prices.30 A new tendency emerged in the current boom is that（A）more and more people start hi-tech business to amass fortune.（B） most of the richest make their fortune by inheritance.（C） all the richest mi
36、llionaires are aged 30 or above.（D）people are becoming rich at younger age.31 As usual, Americas Supreme Court ended its annual term this week by delivering a clutch of controversial decisions. The one that caught the attention of businessmen, and plenty of music lovers, was a ruling concerning the
37、rampant downloading of free music from the internet.Nine elderly judges might have been forgiven for finding the entire subject somewhat baffling. In fact, their lengthy written decisions on the case betray an intense interest, as well as a great deal of knowledge. Moreover, they struck what looks l
38、ike the best available balance under current laws between the claims of media firms, which are battling massive infringements of their copyrights, and tech firms, which are keen to keep the doors to innovation wide open.This case is only the latest episode in a long-running battle between media and
39、technology companies. In 1984, in a case involving Sonys Betamax video recorder, the Supreme Court ruled that technology firms are not liable if their users infringe copyright, provided the device is “capable of substantial non-infringing uses.“ For two decades, this served as a green light for inno
40、vations. Apples iTunes, the legal offspring of illegal internet file-sharing, is among the happy results. But lately, things have turned against the techies. In 2000, a California court shut down Napster, a distributor of peer-to-peer(P2P) file-sharing software. It had, the court decided, failed to
41、stop copyright violations (though the firm relaunched as a legal online-music retailer).In its ruling this week, the court unanimously took the view that two other p2p firms, Grokster and StreamCast, could be held liable if they encourage users to infringe copy rights. The vast majority of content t
42、hat is swapped using their software infringes copy rights, which media firms say eats into their sales. Although the software firms argued they should not be responsible for their customers actions, the court found that they could be sued if they actually encouraged the infringement, and said that t
43、here was evidence that they had done so. On the other hand, the court did not go as far as media firms demanded: they wanted virtually any new technology to be vulnerable to legal action if it allowed any copyright infringement at all.31 The term “betray“(Paragraph 2) most probably means（A）hand out.
44、（B） demonstrate.（C） disclose.（D）ward off.32 The authors attitude forwards the work conducted by the nine judges seems to be（A）indifferent.（B） affirmative.（C） biased.（D）negative.33 The case of Napster demonstrates that（A）file-sharing software was forbidden since the year of 2000.（B） the court is begi
45、nning to side with media firms.（C） Napster failed to prevent copyright violations.（D）the court begins holding less technology companies liable for copyright infringement.34 The phrase “eat into“(Paragraph 4) most probably means（A）promotes.（B） fosters.（C） destroys.（D）infects.35 It can be inferred fro
46、m the last paragraph that（A）copyrights would be eventually discarded.（B） some softwares were not designed to infringe copyrights.（C） the court might lose popularity with media users.（D）some claims of media firms were not supported by law.35 Mass production, the defining characteristic of the Second
47、Wave economy, becomes increasingly obsolete as firms install information intensive, often robotized manufacturing systems capable of endless cheap variation, even customization. The revolutionary result is, in effect, the demassification of mass production. The shift toward smart flex techs promotes
48、 diversity and feeds consumer choice to the point that a Wal-Mart store can offer the buyer nearly 110,000 products in various types, sizes, models and colors to choose among. But Wal-Mart is a mass merchandiser. Increasingly, the mass market itself is breaking up into differentiated niches as custo
49、mer needs diverge and better information makes it possible for businesses to identify and serve micro markets. Specialty stores, boutiques, superstores, TV home-shopping systems, computer based buying, direct mail and other systems provide a growing diversity of channels through which producers can distribute their wares to customers in an increasingly demassified marketplace. When we wrote Future Shock in the late 1960s, visionary marketers began talki
