1、考研英语（一）-试卷 6 及答案解析(总分：152.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_It is an astonishing fact that there are laws of nature, rules that summarize conven
2、iently (1)_ qualitatively but quantitativelyhow the world works. We might (2)_ a universe in which there are no such laws, in which the 1,080 elementary particles that (3)_ a universe like our own behave with utter and uncompromising abandon. To understand such a universe we would need a brain (4)_
3、as massive as the universe. It seems (5)_ that such a universe could have life and intelligence, because being and brains (6)_ some degree of internal stability and order. But (7)_ in a much more random universe there were such beings with an intelligence much (8)_ than our own, there could not be m
4、uch knowledge, passion or joy. (9)_ for us, we live in a universe that has at least important parts that are knowable. Our common sense experience and our evolutionary history have (10)_ us to understand something of the workaday world. When we go into other realms, however, common sense and ordinar
5、y intuition (11)_ highly unreliable guides. It is stunning that as we go close to the speed of light our mass (12)_ indefinitely, we shrink toward zero thickness (13)_ the direction of motion, and time for us comes as near to stopping as we would like. Many people think that this is silly, and every
6、 week (14)_ I get a letter from someone who complains to me about it. But it is virtually certain consequence not just of experiment but also of Albert Einstein“s (15)_ analysis of space and time called the Special Theory of Relativity. It does not matter that these effects seem unreasonable to us.
7、We are not (16)_ the habit of traveling close to the speed of light. The testimony of our common sense is suspect at high velocities. The idea that the world places restrictions on (17)_ humans might do is frustrating. Why shouldn“t we be able to have intermediate rotational positions? Why can“t we
8、(18)_ faster than the speed of light? But (19)_ we can tell, this is the way the universe is constructed. Such prohibitions not only (20)_ us toward a little humility; they also make the world more knowable.（分数：40.00）A.justB.veryC.just notD.not justA.seeB.thinkC.imagineD.believeA.makeB.make ofC.make
9、 upD.make fromA.at leastB.at mostC.at lastD.at the costA.likelyB.unlikelyC.reallyD.unrealA.wantB.needC.requireD.acquireA.unlessB.untilC.ifD.even ifA.moreB.largerC.biggerD.greaterA.FortunatelyB.UnfortunatelyC.HappilyD.UnhappilyA.providedB.preparedC.armedD.got readyA.turn toB.turn onC.turn out to beD.
10、turn away fromA.decreasesB.increasesC.reducesD.addsA.inB.atC.withD.fromA.or twoB.and twoC.even twoD.of twoA.cleverB.wiseC.brilliantD.intelligentA.ofB.inC.withD.atA.thatB.whichC.matterD.whatA.goB.walkC.travelD.runA.ifB.unlessC.so farD.so far asA.pressB.haveC.makeD.entail二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：12，
11、分数：68.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Every second in the United States alone, more than 250 animals are slaughtered for food, adding up to more than 8 billion animals each year. R
12、educing the amount of meat in ones diet is nutritionally, environmentally, and ethically beneficial. People who eat meat usually have weaker immune systems compared to those of vegetarians. Meat has been directly linked to diabetes, obesity, arthritis, and many other illnesses. Furthermore, meat-eat
13、ers are at a higher risk for diseases, including cancer, and they are more likely to die from these diseases. Critics say that a meatless diet does not provide enough nutrients, especially protein and iron. Actually, according to A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian, by Judy Krizmanic, protein is found
14、 in almost every food, and iron appears in many vegetables. Getting enough nutrients in a meat-reduced diet should not be difficult. A 1988 study found that some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat and eggs. Diets including more fruits and vegetables will only make people healthier. Som
15、e skeptics believe that there will be a shortage of food if animals are not eaten. In fact, the opposite is true. More than 80% of the corn and 95% of the oats grown in the US are fed to livestock. The worlds cattle alone consume enough food to equal the caloric needs of 8.7 billion people, more tha
16、n the entire human population. One half of the water used in the Unites States also goes to livestock; 2.50 gallons of water produces only 1 pound of beef. If people eat less meat and more plants, the amount of available food will increase. Many people become vegetarians because they feel that eatin
17、g animals is unethical. 90% of these animals are raised in confinement. Chickens and other birds have only about half. a square foot of space each, and since they are raised so close together, a hot blade is used to cut off their beaks to prevent them from pecking each other to death. Likewise, pigs
18、 that are repressed will bite each others tails, so both their teeth and tails are removed as soon as they are born. Eating animals is hazardous in numerous ways. Even a slight reduction in meat intake is better than nothing at all. Consuming less meat is beneficial to the health of animals, the hea
19、lth of people, and to the health of the world.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is true according to A Teens Guide to Going Vegetarian?（分数：2.00）A.A diet without meat cannot supply enough protein.B.Nearly all the food we eat contains protein.C.Its difficult to get enough nutrients in a meatless di
20、et.D.Some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat.(2).In the third paragraph, the author implies that（分数：2.00）A.food will be insufficient if animals are not eaten.B.lots of food and water are consumed by cattle.C.a meat-reduced diet is environmentally beneficial.D.animals are raised for hum
21、an food.(3).Why do some people become vegetarians?（分数：2.00）A.Because they want to develop a strong immune system.B.Because some of the highest pesticide residues appear in meat.C.Because fruits and vegetables contain more nutrients.D.Because they consider eating animals as unethical.(4).Chickens and
22、 pigs are cited as examples to show that（分数：2.00）A.raising livestock is unethical.B.eating animals is unethical.C.livestock is confined to a very small space.D.being a vegetarian is beneficial to animals health.(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.The Advantages
23、 of Eating Less MeatB.Why People Become VegetarianC.Environment and Meatless DietD.Saving Cattle and ChickensSometimes the biggest changes in society are the hardest to spot precisely because they are hiding in plain sight. It could well be that way with wireless communications. Something that peopl
24、e think of as just another technology is beginning to show signs of changing lives, culture, politics, cities, jobs, even marriages dramatically. In particular, it will usher in a new version of a very old idea: nomadism. Futurology is a dangerous business, and it is true that most of the important
25、arguments about mobile communications at the moment are to do with technology or regulationbandwidth, spectrum use and so on. Yet it is worth jumping ahead and wondering what the social effects will be, for two reasons. First, the broad technological future is pretty clear: there will be ever faster
26、 cellular networks, and many more gadgets to connect to these networks. Second, the social changes are already visible: parents on beaches waving at their children while typing furtively on their BlackBerrys; entrepreneurs discovering they don“t need offices after all. Everybody is doing more on the
27、 move. Wireless technology is surely not just an easier-to-use phone. The car divided cities into work and home areas; wireless technology may mix them up again, with more people working in suburbs or living in city centers. Traffic patterns are beginning to change again: the rush hours at 9am and 5
28、pm are giving way to more varied patterns, with people going backwards and forwards between the office, home and all sorts of other places throughout the day. Already, architects are redesigning offices and universities, more flexible spaces for meeting people, fewer private enclosures for sedentary
29、 work. Will it be a better life? In some ways, yes. Digital nomadism will liberate ever more knowledge workers from the cubicle prisons as depicted in Mr. Dilbert“s cartoons. But the old tyranny of place could become a new tyranny of time, as nomads who are “always on“ all too often end up mentallya
30、nywhere but here. As for friends and family, permanent mobile connectivity could have the same effect as nomadism: it might bring you much closer to family and friends, but it may make it harder to bring in outsiders. Sociologists fret about constant e-mailers and texters losing the everyday connect
31、ions to casual acquaintances or strangers sitting next to them in the cafe or on the Bus. The same tools have another dark side, turning everybody into a fully equipped paparazzo. Some fitness clubs have started banning mobile phones near the treadmills and showers lest exercising people find themse
32、lves pictured, flabby and sweaty, on some website. As in the desert, so in the city: nomadism promises the heaven of new freedom, but it also signals the hell of constant surveillance by the tribe.（分数：10.00）(1).We can infer from the first two paragraphs that_.（分数：2.00）A.social changes are complex in
33、 natureB.people may ignore wireless communications changesC.nomadism is nothing new in societyD.everybody can work outside their offices(2).Which of the following is true of the future wireless technology?（分数：2.00）A.It is beginning solving the traffic problems.B.It will change people“s way of workin
34、g.C.It will save people a lot of time.D.It will come true in offices and universities.(3).According to the text, sociologists are anxious about digital nomadism in that_.（分数：2.00）A.it will reduce people“s contacts with the outside societyB.it will give office workers too much timeC.it will destroy p
35、eople“s friendshipD.it will cause people to lose their interest in social activities(4).The dark side of the digital products is that people may use them to_.（分数：2.00）A.fully equip themselvesB.disturb others“ physical exercisesC.threaten other people“s lifeD.reveal others“ privacy(5).Which of the fo
36、llowing best summarizes the text?（分数：2.00）A.A new trend of wireless communication.B.Mobile communication improves people“s life.C.Digital nomadism brings people convenience as well as trouble.D.The future of mobile communication.World oil production is about to reach a peak and go into its final dec
37、line. For years, a handful of petroleum geologists, including me, have been predicting peak oil before 2007, but in an era of cheap oil, few people listened. Lately, several major oil companies seem to have got the message. One of Chevron“s ads says the world is currently burning 2 bbl. of oil for e
38、very barrel of new oil discovered. Exxon Mobil says 1987 was the last year that we found more oil worldwide than we burned. Shell reports that it will expand its Canadian oil-sands operations but elsewhere will focus on finding natural gas and not oil. It sounds as though Shell is kissing the oil bu
39、siness goodbye. M. King Hubbert, a geophysicist, correctly predicted in 1956 that oil production in the U.S. would peak in the early 1970sthe moment now known as “Hubbert“s Peak“, I believe world oil production is about to reach a similar peak. Finding oil is like fishing in a pond. After several mo
40、nths, you notice that you are not catching as many fish. You could buy an expensive fly rod-new technology. Or you could decide that you have al ready caught most of the fish in the pond. Although increased oil prices (which ought to spur investment in oil production) and new technology help, they c
41、an“t work magic. Recent discoveries are modest at best. The oil sands in Canada and Venezuela are extensive, hut the Canadian operations to convert the deposits into transportable oil consume, large amounts of natural gas, which is in short supply. And technology cannot eliminate the difficulty Hubb
42、ert identified: the rate of producing oil depends on the fraction of oil that has not yet been produced. In other words, the fewer the fish in the pond, the harder it is to catch one. Peak production occurs at the halfway point. Based on the available data about new oil fields, there are 2,013 billi
43、on bbl. of total producible oil. Adding up the oil produced from the birth of the industry until today, we will reach the dreaded 1,006.5 billion bbl. halfway mark late this year. For two years, I“ve been predicting that world oil production would reach its peak on Thanksgiving Day 2005. Today, with
44、 high oil prices pushing virtually all oil producers to pull up every barrel they can sweat out of the ground, I think it might happen even earlier.（分数：10.00）(1).Why are some major oil companies mentioned in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.To show the concern of these companies about oil problem.B.To
45、 prove what the author said is true.C.To illustrate the importance of these companies.D.To explain the cause of the oil problem.(2).The phrase “Hubbert“s Peak“(Paragraph 1) here refers to（分数：2.00）A.the time when the oil production of the world would peak.B.the time when the oil found in the world wo
46、uld peak.C.the time when the oil burning of the U.S. would peak.D.the time when the oil production of the U.S. would peak.(3).What does the author mean by saying the “recent discoveries are modest“?（分数：2.00）A.People stop searching for oil.B.People decrease the production of oil.C.People use less oil
47、 than they used to.D.The oil exploitation is limited.(4).The author uses the simile of fish and pond to explain that（分数：2.00）A.new technologies can help in finding oil.B.we should not search for oil only in one place.C.oil can be reproduced like fish in the pond.D.there is a peak point in oil produc
48、tion.(5).From the text we can conclude that the author（分数：2.00）A.is sympathetic to Shell.B.worries about the oil industry.C.takes a neutral attitude towards oil industry.D.is optimistic about the oil production.When and how much? Those are the questions on the lips of investors, bondholders, and other Federal Reserve watchers. The Fed kept interest rates on hold at its Mar. 19th meeting. But the accompanying statement, in which the Fed abandoned its view that economic weakness was the greatest risk in the outlook, makes
