1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 137 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The family is the center of most traditional Asians lives. Many people worry abou
2、t their families welfare, reputation, and honor. Asian families are often【C1】_, including several generations related by【C2】_or marriage living in the same home. An Asian persons misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the familyincluding the dead【C3】_. Traditional Chinese, among
3、many other Asians, respect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty【C4】_them. Children repay their parents【C5】_by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a【C6】_part of life in China.【C7】_, taking care of the aged parents is often viewed as a tremendous【C8】_in the Unite
4、d States, where aging and family support are not【C9】_highly.【C10】_, in the youth-oriented United States, growing old is seen as a bad thing and many old people do not receive respect. Pilipinos, the most Americanized of the Asians, are【C11】_extremely family-oriented. They are【C12】_to helping their c
5、hildren and will sacrifice greatly for their children to get an education.【C13】_, the children are devoted to their parents, who often live nearby. Grown children who leave the country for economic reasons【C14】_send large parts of their income home to their parents. The Vietnamese family【C15】_people
6、 currently【C16】_as well as the spirits of the dead and of the as-yet unborn. Any【C17】_or actions are done from family considerations, not individual desires. Peoples behavior is judged【C18】_whether it brings shame or pride to the family. The Vietnamese do not particularly believe in self-reliance; i
7、n this way, they are the【C19】_of people in the United States. Many Vietnamese think that their actions in this life will influence their【C20】_in the next life.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.extendedB.enlargedC.lengthenedD.expanded(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.bondB.relationC.interactionD.blood(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.
8、settlersB.ancestorsC.immigrantsD.pioneers(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.forB.towardC.onD.of(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.sufferingsB.contributionsC.tributesD.sacrifices(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.peculiarB.regularC.naturalD.formal(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.In contrastB.In comparisonC.In a wayD.to the same extent(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.reliefB.
9、responsibilityC.burdenD.business(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.awardedB.honoredC.rewardedD.complimented(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.As a resultB.In factC.In returnD.Yet(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.onlyB.howeverC.furthermoreD.meanwhile(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.exposedB.confinedC.correspondedD.dedicated(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.In exchang
10、eB.In turnC.In returnD.In vain(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.steadilyB.occasionallyC.intentionallyD.typically(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.insists onB.consists ofC.persists inD.resists to(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.liveB.livingC.livelyD.alive(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.accidentsB.decisionsC.expeditionD.incidences(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）
11、A.inB.forC.byD.on(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.oppositeB.counterpartC.opponentD.competitor(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.stateB.stationC.statureD.status二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by ch
12、oosing A, B, C or D._The Nobel Prize is a mysterious incarnation of power and authority, an anointed ritual whose claims are accepted as part of the order of things. The Nobel Prize is at once a relic of the past and a self-admiring mirror of our democratized, scientized, secularized modern culture.
13、 After a century of existence, the Nobel has become a problematic part of modern history: it helps shape our perception of ourselves for better or worse. Like monarchy, the Nobel Prize surrounds itself with mystery and extraordinary secretiveness. Indeed, the media have more easily breached the priv
14、acy of the British royal family than that of the Nobel institution.The prizes present themselves as if handed down from eternity. But as even a cursory inspection will reveal, the juries that pick the laureates have often shown bias, lapses of judgment and bitter infighting. In the sciences, a numbe
15、r of quarrels, scandals, and even lawsuits have erupted over claims to priority or credit for collaborations honored by Nobles. And while widely admired, the science prizes have also been charged with swaying research goals and funding, however inadvertently, and more insidiously with corrupting sci
16、entific ambitions by the lure of Nobel fames. Such controversies, together with public dissent from several prizes, have been part of the Nobel history since its beginning. All prizes stir arguments; the Nobels fame simply magnifies this hugely. The very glory and stature of the Nobel Prizes prompt
17、some sharp questions. Should such high endeavors of the human spirit as science, literature, and peace be treated as competitions, however exalted? Should these priceless efforts be paid the enormous, though “honorary,“ price lavished on the winners? Would it matter if there never had been a Nobel P
18、rice? Or if it vanished tomorrow? The problem is that the prices are not merely awards and medals but are aspects of power woven into our lives: it was once and future Nobelists who built the nuclear bombs that still hang fatefully over us; Nobelists now play an important part in public and military
19、 policy. It is also true that the Nobel Prizes show modern fame: the Nobel Prize pays honor to some of the highest human adventures in nature and matter, creativity and justice. Where else, moreover, can both the unfamed and the general public find a replacement for the authority and coherence, to w
20、hatever degree, the Nobel has come to possess? In a world and age as inwardly fractured as ours this is a question not lightly dismissed.（分数：10.00）(1).The Nobel has become a problematic part of modern history because _.（分数：2.00）A.it reflects the modern world and results in many follow-up questionsB.
21、it dismisses authority and coherenceC.the standard for the prize is unclear and arouses many questionsD.the prize cannot be seen as a driving force for social development(2).Which of the following statements is true about the Nobel Prize?（分数：2.00）A.The prizes need to be diversified.B.The prizes are
22、unexpected to the winners.C.The prize manifests authority and coherence.D.Prejudice does not exist among the panel of judges any longer.(3).The authors attitude towards Nobel Prize is_.（分数：2.00）A.ambiguousB.negativeC.objectiveD.critical(4).The word “fractured“ (Line 5, Paragraph 4) probably imply th
23、at_.（分数：2.00）A.alienation is seen as one of the problems of modern worldB.people are stratified and separated by modern technologyC.the Nobel Prize is accepted by people from all walks of lifeD.the world is diversified and Nobel does not necessarily mean authority(5).Which of the following would be
24、the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.The Authority of NobelB.On the Glory of NobelC.Nobel and the Modern WorldD.A mirror of Modern CultureYou are what you eat, or so the saying goes. But Richard Wrangham, of Harvard University, believes that this is true in a more profound sense than the one impli
25、ed by the old proverb. It is not just you who are what you eat, but the entire human species. And with Homo sapiens, what makes the species unique in Dr. Wranghams opinion is that its food is so often cooked. Cooking is a human universal. No society is without it. No one other than a few faddists tr
26、ies to survive on raw food alone. And the consumption of a cooked meal in the evening, usually in the company of family and friends, is normal in every known society. Moreover, without cooking, the human brain (which consumes 20-25% of the bodys energy) could not keep running. Dr. Wrangham thus beli
27、eves that cooking and humanity have developed alongside. In fact, as he outlined to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), in Chicago, he thinks that cooking and other forms of preparing food are humanitys “killer application“ : the evolutionary change that underpins all of
28、the otherand subsequent changes that have made people such unusual animals. Humans became human, as it were, with the emergence 1.8 million years ago of a species called Homo erectus. This had a skeleton much like modem mansa big, brain-filled skull and a narrow pelvis and rib cage, which imply a sm
29、all abdomen and thus a small gut. Hitherto, the explanation for this shift from the smaller skulls and wider pelvises of man s apelike ancestors has been a shift from a vegetable-based diet to a meat-based one. Meat has more calories than plant matter, the theory went. A smaller gut could therefore
30、support a larger brain. Dr. Wrangham disagrees. When you do the sums, he argues, raw meat is still insufficient to bridge the gap. He points out that even modem “raw foodists“, members of a town-dwelling, back-to-nature social movement, struggle to maintain their weightand they have access to animal
31、s and plants that have been bred for the table. Pre-agricultural man confined to raw food would have starved. Start cooking, however, and things change radically. Cooking alters food in three important ways. It breaks starch molecules into more digestible fragments. It “denatures“ protein molecules,
32、 so that their amino-acid chains unfold and digestive enzymes can attack them more easily. And heat physically softens food. That makes it easier to digest, so even though the stuff is no more calorific, the body uses fewer calories dealing with it.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the first paragraph
33、 that_.（分数：2.00）A.Homo sapiens often cooked its foodB.what you eat exerts little impact on who you areC.Homo sapiens cook food in a unique wayD.the food makes Homo sapiens different from others(2).Dr. Wrangham holds the view that_.（分数：2.00）A.the human brain could not work without foodB.cooking is a
34、human universal without exceptionC.humanity is a precondition for development of cookingD.eating cooked meat should be accompanied by family(3).It is stated that humans had changed from their apelike ancestors to Homo erectus probably because_.（分数：2.00）A.they began to eat meatB.they had a narrow pel
35、vis and rib cageC.they took cooked meat as the staple of dietD.they could support a larger brain with smaller gut(4).Dr. Wrangham quotes the example of “raw foodists“ to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.raw meat is not enough to narrow the gapB.raw foodists also consume meat and vegetablesC.raw meat is harmful
36、 to modem “raw foodists“D.raw foodists face problems to maintain weight(5).The probable title of the text is_.（分数：2.00）A.The Evolutionary Role of CookeryB.The Great Importance of CookeryC.The Evolution of Human BeingsD.The Significance of Meat-based DietWe all know (or should know) by now that the c
37、arbon dioxide we produce when we burn fossil fuels and cut down forests is the planets single largest contributor to global warming. It persists in the atmosphere for centuries. Reducing these emissions by as much as half by 2050 is essential to avoid disastrous consequences by the end of this centu
38、ry, and we must begin immediately. But this is a herculean undertaking, both technically and politically. There is, however, a short-term strategy. We can slow this warming quickly by cutting emissions of four other climate pollutants: black carbon, a component of soot; methane, the main component o
39、f natural gas; lower-level ozone, a main ingredient of urban smog; and hydrofluorocarbons, or HFCs, which are used as coolants. They account for as much as 40 percent of current warming. We can reduce black carbon emissions significantly in the next few decades by using particulate filters on cars a
40、nd trucks and switching to low-sulfur diesel. By employing those strategies, California, for instance, has cut the warming effect from diesel emissions by nearly half since the late 1980s. In addition, we can further reduce emissions of black carbon and carbon monoxide (which produces lower-level oz
41、one) in the developing world simply by turning to efficient biomass cook stoves instead of using traditional mud stoves, by replacing kerosene lamps in villages with solar lamps, and by deploying modern brick kilns. Methane emissions can be cut by nearly a third by reducing leaks from gas pipes, coa
42、l mines and hydraulic fracturing, by capturing methane from waste dumps, water treatment plants and manure, and by cutting emissions from rice paddies. These reductions in methane, carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds would also significantly reduce lower-level ozone, which is another impo
43、rtant climate-warming pollutant that is formed by the interaction of sunlight with other short-lived pollutants. And HFCs, which are widely used in refrigerators, can be replaced with readily available climate-friendly refrigerants. Nearly 100 ozone-depleting chemicals have been phased out under the
44、 Montreal Protocol, an international treaty that took effect in 1989 , and more than 100 countries support a shift to the safer HFC alternatives. Phasing down HFCs would provide climate protection many times greater than the current Kyoto climate treatythe equivalent of about 100 billion tons of car
45、bon dioxide by 2050. Unlike carbon dioxide, these pollutants are short-lived in the atmosphere. If we stop emitting them, they will disappear in a matter of weeks to a few decades. These reductions would also prevent an estimated two to four million deaths from air pollution and avoid billions of do
46、llars of crop loss annually, according to a study commissioned by the United Nations Environment Program and the World Meteorological Organization.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “herculean“(Line 1, Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.powerfulB.easyC.gloriousD.difficult(2).Cutting emissions of
47、which one of the following pollutants dose not belong to the short-term strategy to deal with global warming?（分数：2.00）A.Methane and lower-level ozone.B.HFCs.C.Carbon dioxide.D.Black carbon.(3).According to the paragraph 3, California has cut the warming effect from diesel emissions by_.（分数：2.00）A.de
48、ploying modern brick kilnsB.replacing kerosene lamps in villages with solar lampsC.turning to efficient biomass cook stoves instead of using traditional mud stovesD.using particulate filters on cars and trucks and switching to low-sulfur diesel(4).The reason why the four other climate pollutants can disappear in a matter of weeks is that_.（分数：2.00）A.they are short-lived in the atmosphereB.more than 100 countries support a shift to the safer HFC alternativ
