1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 146 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Maybe unemployment isn“t so bad after all. A new study says that having a dema
2、nding, unstable and thankless job may make you even【C1】_than not having a job at all. 【C2】_that a paid position gives workers purpose and a structured role, researchers had【C3】_thought that having any job would make a person happier than being【C4】_. That turns out to be true if you move into a high-
3、quality jobbut taking a bad job is【C5】_to mental health. Australian National University researchers looked at how various psychosocial work attributes affect 【C6】_. They found that poor-quality jobsthose with high demands, low control over decision making, low job【C7】_and an effort-reward imbalanceh
4、ad more adverse effects on mental health than joblessness. Moving from unemployment to a job with high psychosocial quality was associated with【C8】_in mental health, the authors said【C9】_, the mental health of people in the least-satisfying jobs declined the【C10】_over timeand the worse the job, the
5、more it affected workers“ welfare. These findings【C11】_the importance of employment to a person“s welfare. Rather than seeking a new job, the study suggests, people who are unemployed or【C12】_in lousy work should seek new【C13】_that offer more security, autonomy and a 【C14】_workload. But that“s a lot
6、【C15】_said than done. 【C16】_employers could be persuaded to be more【C17】_of the mental health of their workershappier employees are a【C18】_to their employers. “The【C19】_of work conditions,“ the researchers noted, “may【C20】_a health cost, which over the longer term will be both economically and socia
7、lly counterproductive.“（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.more unfortunateB.more unsatisfiedC.unhappierD.unluckier(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.GivenB.SupposingC.ProvidedD.Now(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.neverB.frequentlyC.sometimesD.long(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.poorB.dependentC.unemployedD.purposeless(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.detrimental
8、B.disastrousC.destructiveD.demeaning(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.fitnessB.healthC.well-beingD.soundness(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.securityB.stressC.injuriesD.expenses(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.increasesB.growthC.improvementsD.development(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.ThereforeB.AndC.OtherwiseD.Meanwhile(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.bestB.mostC.l
9、eastD.worst(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.underscoreB.undermineC.discoverD.admit(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.limitedB.stuckC.uninterestedD.submerged(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.opportunitiesB.positionsC.companiesD.organizations(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.reasonableB.heavyC.littleD.no(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.harderB.easierC.more difficu
10、ltD.more complicated(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.PerhapsB.UndoubtedlyC.UltimatelyD.Finally(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.sympatheticB.cautiousC.neglectfulD.mindful(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.profitB.joyC.benefitD.nightmare(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.erosionB.facilitationC.difficultiesD.limitation(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.payB.incurC.co
11、verD.induceIn America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry. A recent poll showed that 40% of Americans【C1】_the practice. Tips should not exist. So【C2】_do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both【C3】_the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality. 【C
12、4】_according to new research from Cornell University, tipping【C5】_serves any useful functions. The paper analyses data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants. The【C6】_between larger tips and better service was very 【C7】_: only a tiny part of the 【C8】_in the size of the tip had anything
13、 to do with the quality of service. Customers who rated a meal as “excellent“ still tipped 【C9】_ between 8% and 37% of the meal price. Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom【C10】_ institutionalized: it is regarded as part of the【C11】_cost of a service. In a
14、New York restaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean【C12】_ from the waiter. Hairdressers can expect to get 1520%, the man who【C13】_your groceries $2. In Europe, tipping is less common; in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being 【C14】_by a standard service charge. In many Asian c
15、ountries, tipping has never really 【C15】_at all. How to【C16】_ for these national differences? According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper“s co-author, countries in which people are more extrovert, sociable or neurotic tend to tip more. Tipping relieves 【C17】_about being served by strangers. And, sa
16、ys Mr. Lynn, “in America, where people are 【C18】_and expressive, tipping is about social approval. If you tip badly people think less of you.“ Icelanders, 【C19】_ , do not usually tipa measure of their 【C20】_ , no doubt.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.alarmB.likeC.enjoyD.hate(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.whatB.whe
17、reC.whyD.how(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.rewardB.awardC.rejectD.reverse(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.AndB.EvenC.ButD.So(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.no longerB.for longC.before longD.long before(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.correspondenceB.companionC.correlationD.assurance(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.faintB.weakC.distinctD.vague(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.poss
18、ibilityB.capabilityC.abilityD.variability(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.somewhereB.nowhereC.not anyD.anywhere(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.becameB.has becomeC.will becomeD.becomes(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.cozyB.contentC.alternativeD.accepted(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.tormentB.tortureC.abuseD.welcome(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.transmitsB.
19、deliversC.transplantsD.purchases(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.shiftedB.repaidC.takenD.replaced(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.caught atB.caught onC.caught upD.caught in(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.countB.explainC.accountD.look(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.anxietyB.curiosityC.hurtD.vanity(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.gracefulB.outgoingC.elegantD
20、.decent(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.by contraryB.on contrastC.by contrastD.on contrary(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.extroversionB.reservationC.preservationD.introversion考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 146 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose t
21、he best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Maybe unemployment isn“t so bad after all. A new study says that having a demanding, unstable and thankless job may make you even【C1】_than not having a job at all. 【C2】_that a paid position gives workers purpose and a struct
22、ured role, researchers had【C3】_thought that having any job would make a person happier than being【C4】_. That turns out to be true if you move into a high-quality jobbut taking a bad job is【C5】_to mental health. Australian National University researchers looked at how various psychosocial work attrib
23、utes affect 【C6】_. They found that poor-quality jobsthose with high demands, low control over decision making, low job【C7】_and an effort-reward imbalancehad more adverse effects on mental health than joblessness. Moving from unemployment to a job with high psychosocial quality was associated with【C8
24、】_in mental health, the authors said【C9】_, the mental health of people in the least-satisfying jobs declined the【C10】_over timeand the worse the job, the more it affected workers“ welfare. These findings【C11】_the importance of employment to a person“s welfare. Rather than seeking a new job, the stud
25、y suggests, people who are unemployed or【C12】_in lousy work should seek new【C13】_that offer more security, autonomy and a 【C14】_workload. But that“s a lot【C15】_said than done. 【C16】_employers could be persuaded to be more【C17】_of the mental health of their workershappier employees are a【C18】_to thei
26、r employers. “The【C19】_of work conditions,“ the researchers noted, “may【C20】_a health cost, which over the longer term will be both economically and socially counterproductive.“（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.more unfortunateB.more unsatisfiedC.unhappier D.unluckier解析：解析：上一句提到，可能失业也不算是太坏的事。按照这个逻辑，拥有一份要
27、求苛刻、不稳定且不被认同的工作，可能比失业更糟糕，再结合下文的“从事任何工作都会让一个人比失业时更幸福(happier)”。根据这个提示，应该选 C 项 unhappier“更不幸福的”，表示一个人从事不好的工作会比失业时更缺乏幸福感。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.Given B.SupposingC.ProvidedD.Now解析：解析：此处引导一个原因状语从句，作为后面主句的原因，所以选 A 项 Given that“考虑到，鉴于”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.neverB.frequentlyC.sometimesD.long 解析：解析：由于人们认为一个有薪酬的职位会
28、给工作者以目标和结构性角色，因此研究者长期以来认为任何工作都会让人比失业时更幸福。此处需要填一个状语，说明这种想法由来已久或很常见，所以选 D 项，此处副词 long“长久，长期地”作状语。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.poorB.dependentC.unemployed D.purposeless解析：解析：根据这句话的逻辑，研究者长期以来认为有工作会让一个人感到幸福，那么潜台词是，有工作总好过没工作。所以选 C 项 unemployed“失业的”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.detrimental B.disastrousC.destructiveD.demeaning
29、解析：解析：该句前半部分提到，如果你从事一份高质量的工作，那的确比失业时有幸福感，由此可以猜到，从事不好的工作会对精神健康产生不利影响，所以选 A 项 detrimental“有害的，不利的”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.fitnessB.healthC.well-being D.soundness解析：解析：上一段末尾提到差的工作对人精神健康的影响。所以此处应该选一个跟精神状态有关的词。故选 C 项 well-being，表示“健康、幸福的状态”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.security B.stressC.injuriesD.expenses解析：解析：根据这句话的
30、语境，差的工作存在不少问题，其中一项是稳定性较低，所以选 A 项security“稳定性”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.increasesB.growthC.improvements D.development解析：解析：之前失业，现在得到一份社会心理质量较高的工作，这对于精神健康应该有积极影响，所以选 C 项 improvement“发展，提高”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.ThereforeB.AndC.OtherwiseD.Meanwhile 解析：解析：前一句提及得到好工作会促进精神健康，这句讲差工作会降低精神健康，两句间是对比或者转折关系，所以选 D 项 Mean
31、while“与此同时”，可用于比较两种情况或两个方面，比如 Stress can be extremely damaging to your health. Exercise，meanwhile，call reduce its effects(压力对你的健康特别有害，但是锻炼可以减少危害)。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.bestB.most C.leastD.worst解析：解析：此处需要填一个最高级的程度副词，描述工作最差的人们的精神健康恶化程度，后面已经提到，工作越差，精神健康越差，所以选 B 项 most“最多的”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.underscor
32、e B.undermineC.discoverD.admit解析：解析：前文提到，工作越差，员工的精神健康越差。可见工作对于个人的精神健康有很重大的影响。所以此处要填一个动词，表示强调，进一步说明，所以选 A 项 underscore“强调，加强”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.limitedB.stuck C.uninterestedD.submerged解析：解析：从事着糟糕工作的人们想要换新工作，但本段最后一句提到，换工作真是说起来容易做起来难。所以这些人常常被糟糕的工作所困住。故选 B 项 be stuck in“陷入”，指被自己不喜欢的事情所困扰。(13).【C13】（分
33、数：2.00）A.opportunitiesB.positions C.companiesD.organizations解析：解析：这句话的最后一个词是 workload“工作量”，说明失业或工作很糟的人想要找个新工作，所以选 B 项 positions；指工作或职位。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.reasonable B.heavyC.littleD.no解析：解析：该研究建议失业或从事着很差工作的人们寻找新岗位，该新岗位要具备以下特点：更稳定，更独立。空格跟“更稳定，更独立”并列，因此判断表示“积极意义”，所以选 A 项“合理的”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.ha
34、rderB.easier C.more difficultD.more complicated解析：解析：上一句提到，失业人员或“困”于恶劣工作中的人应该寻找可以提供更好保障、自主并有合理工作量的新职位。而本句的 But 提示，要找个好工作真是说起来容易做起来难，所以选 B 项，be easier said than done 是一个固定表达，表示“说起来轻巧，做起来难”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.Perhaps B.UndoubtedlyC.UltimatelyD.Finally解析：解析：前一句提到，员工要换个好工作，说起来容易做起来难。这一段开始从另一个侧面思考提高员工精
35、神健康的途径，即希望说服雇主更加关注员工的精神健康，空格后的 could be persuaded 提示，这只是一种想法而已，雇主能否被说服还不可知，所以选 A 项 Perhaps“或许”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.sympatheticB.cautiousC.neglectfulD.mindful 解析：解析：本句意为“也许老板可能被劝说要更_职员的心理健康”，D 项 be mindful of “留意，关心活注意到”代入符合逻辑。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.profitB.joyC.benefit D.nightmare解析：解析：根据本段最后一句，可以得知员
36、工不幸福的话，会产生经济和社会方面的负面效果。反而言之，幸福的员工会产生更大的经济和社会效益，对雇主有好处，所以选 C 项 benefit“利益，实惠，好处”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.erosion B.facilitationC.difficultiesD.limitation解析：解析：第 2、3、4 段的最后一句均提到，差的工作会破坏员工的精神健康。根据这些提示，可以猜出此处要填的是差的工作环境对人的负面影响，所以选 A 项 erosion“侵蚀，削弱”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.payB.incur C.coverD.induce解析：解析：工作环境的
37、侵蚀作用可能会导致员工付出健康的代价。所以选 B 项 incur“招致不好的后果”。In America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry. A recent poll showed that 40% of Americans【C1】_the practice. Tips should not exist. So【C2】_do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both【C3】_the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfort
38、able feelings of inequality. 【C4】_according to new research from Cornell University, tipping【C5】_serves any useful functions. The paper analyses data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants. The【C6】_between larger tips and better service was very 【C7】_: only a tiny part of the 【C8】_in t
39、he size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service. Customers who rated a meal as “excellent“ still tipped 【C9】_ between 8% and 37% of the meal price. Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom【C10】_ institutionalized: it is regarded as part of th
40、e【C11】_cost of a service. In a New York restaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean【C12】_ from the waiter. Hairdressers can expect to get 1520%, the man who【C13】_your groceries $2. In Europe, tipping is less common; in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being 【C14】_by a standard
41、service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really 【C15】_at all. How to【C16】_ for these national differences? According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper“s co-author, countries in which people are more extrovert, sociable or neurotic tend to tip more. Tipping relieves 【C17】_about bei
42、ng served by strangers. And, says Mr. Lynn, “in America, where people are 【C18】_and expressive, tipping is about social approval. If you tip badly people think less of you.“ Icelanders, 【C19】_ , do not usually tipa measure of their 【C20】_ , no doubt.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.alarmB.likeC.enjoyD.h
43、ate 解析：解析：根据下一句的“小费不应该存在”，可知美国人憎恨付小费，故 D 项 hate“厌恶，憎恶”正确。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.whatB.whereC.why D.how解析：解析：解答本题首先要弄清 do they 指代什么，由上一句可知，空格后的成分应表示 do tips exist。结合下一句解说小费存在的原因，可推断选 C 项 why。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.reward B.awardC.rejectD.reverse解析：解析：根据该空后面的 good service 可知，此处应填入表肯定意义的词语，句意应是“小费奖赏优质服务”，rewar
44、d 常与 effort 搭配使用，故 A 项“酬劳，奖赏”正确。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.AndB.EvenC.But D.So解析：解析：该空格的前一句是说明小费存在的原因，而空格后面指出，新的研究显示小费(不再)有任何实用的功能，前后两句之间是转折的关系，故应填入 C 项 But。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.no longer B.for longC.before longD.long before解析：解析：根据空格后的 any 可判断，此处应填人表否定意义的副词词组，只有 A 项 no longer“不再”具有否定意义，故选 A。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）
45、A.correspondenceB.companionC.correlation D.assurance解析：解析：根据空格后面的 betweenand可知，此处应填入表示“关系，联系”的词语，C 项correlation“相互关系，相关(性)”符合此义，故正确。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.faintB.weak C.distinctD.vague解析：解析：由首段末句提到的“小费已不再具有任何实用的功能”以及该空冒号后面的句子可知，较多小费与良好服务之间的联系是非常微弱的，故 B 项 weak“不牢固的，弱的”正确。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.possibilityB.c
46、apabilityC.abilityD.variability 解析：解析：本句意为“小费数量的中只有很小一部分同服务质量有关”，根据首段末句及该空格所在句可知，只有代入 variability“差异，可变性”才合适，故 D 正确。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.somewhere B.nowhereC.not anyD.anywhere解析：解析：根据该空格前面的“称赞用餐好极了的顾客仍然支付小费”及其后的“在餐费的 8%至37%之间”，可知此处应填入表“某个点”的词，只有 A 项 somewhere“在某个地方”最合适，代入表示“消费在餐费的 8%至 37之间的某个点”。该空格所在的
47、句子是前一句观点(与的联系是非常微弱的)的例证。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.becameB.has become C.will becomeD.becomes解析：解析：根据上一句“小费现象最好从文化角度来解释，而不是”及其使用的一般现在时可知，这种习俗(已经变得)制度化了。这包含了时间的累积与沉淀，是从过去一直影响到现在的，故此处应使用现在完成时，故选 B 项 has become。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.cozyB.contentC.alternativeD.accepted 解析：解析：上文提到：在美国，支付小费已经制度化，既然已经制度化，那就是可接受的，因此选 D项 accepted“公认的，可接纳的”合适。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.tormentB.tortureC.abuse D.welcome解析：解析：根据该空格前面的 failing 及前一句的“支付小费已经制度化”，可知此处应填入表消极意义的名词，C 项 abuse“辱骂”最合适，故选 C。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.transmitsB.delivers C.transplantsD.purchases解析：解析：空格所在的句子应表示“送货的人可得到 2 美元小费”
