1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 60 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_A war on sugar has begun in the UK that echoes the nation“s successful campaign
2、 against salt. The effort is【C1】_because it could help to reduce obesity, but cutting sugar out of people“s diets poses【C2】_challenges. Last week, a group of academics and policy【C3】_specializing in medicine and【C4】_announced that they had formed a campaign group, Action on Sugar. Their idea is to c
3、onvince manufacturers to【C5】_and gradually lower the【C6】_of sugar added to foodsso slowly that it isn“t missed by【C7】_.It is essentially the same【C8】_as a campaign that is【C9】_credited with reducing British people“s salt intake. Over the past decade, CASH, a non-government organisation, helped to cr
4、eate anti-salt【C10】_ aimed at the general public, 【C11】_year-by-year targets for companies to reduce salt levels. These were 【C12】_but had the backing of the government, and it was【C13】_that the targets would be legally enforced if companies【C14】_. Most manufacturers lowered their salt levels and, 1
5、5 , there has been a【C15】_per cent 【C16】_in salt intake in the UK, according to CASH. Repeating the trick with sugar may be more【C17】_not least because we do not know for sure if our palates (sense of taste) can adjust to eating food that is less【C18】_. By contrast, studies have shown that if volunt
6、eers are forced to eat a less salty diet, over several weeks they gradually begin to【C19】_food that is less salty. “There“s no reason to think that would not hold【C20】_for sweet taste too,“ says Charles Spence, a neurogas-tronomist at the University of Oxford.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.uselessB.re
7、spectableC.welcomeD.unpopular(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.freshB.greatC.similarD.daily(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.trainersB.professorsC.expertsD.officials(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.careB.nutritionC.exerciseD.leisure(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.randomlyB.individuallyC.collectivelyD.quickly(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.priceB.amountC.magnitudeD.qua
8、lity(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.performersB.subjectsC.researchersD.consumers(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.actionB.strategyC.styleD.process(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.widelyB.specificallyC.repeatedly D uniquely(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.regulationB.marketingC.advertisingD.law(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.duringB.plusC.withoutD.for(12).【C12】（分数
9、：2.00）A.voluntaryB.unwillingC.illegalD.reluctant(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.foundB.reportedC.progressedD.implied(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.acceptedB.resistedC.performedD.reformed(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.in additionB.for instanceC.on averageD.by contrast(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.riseB.interestC.lossD.drop(17).【C17】（分数：2.0
10、0）A.powerfulB.promisingC.complicatedD.straightforward(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.saltyB.sweetC.sourD.spicy(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.studyB.declineC.dislikeD.prefer(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.silentB.firmC.trueD.looseWill robots take over the workforce? And if they do, what jobs will be left for us humans?Many discussi
11、ons take a【C1】_view that the workforce will indeed be【C2】_by robots in the futureand why that is a good thing. Carl Bass, the chief executive of Autodesk, acknowledged that workplace automation has【C3】_or reduced many manufacturing jobs, and will continue to do so in the future, 【C4】_ major shifts i
12、n the labor market. Entire【C5】_such as trucking, will eventually be disrupted by robotic【C6】_like self-driving cars, he said. But, Bass asked: “Are the jobs【C7】_ to automation ones that you would want for your children?“ Few parents, he said, dreamed their kids would someday become fuel pumpers or e
13、levator【C8】_jobs already replaced by automation. In the next 30 years, Bass added, smart machines and robots will【C9】_humans on the planet. Bass presented some【C10】_ideas to help societies deal with the structural【C11】_generated by a robot-heavy workforce, including taxing economic output rather tha
14、n income, or【C12】_a “negative income tax,“ in which governments pay citizens a subsidy in order to【C13】_a level of income. “With our【C14】_and imagination, we will find harmony with the robots,“ Bass said. 【C15】_, other discussions focused on identifying jobs which were likely to remain 【C16】_from ro
15、bots. For example, hairdressers might be considered safe. But not because robots can“t cut hairthe relationship between hairdressers and their【C17】_simply can“t be robotized. (And, some people might be【C18】_of a robot holding a sharp blade so close to their necks,【C19】_ plenty of robots already perf
16、orm delicate surgery.) Another job【C20】_ safe? Roboticist.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.blueB.rosyC.pessimisticD.neutral(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.dominatedB.rejectedC.excludedD.integrated(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.stabilizedB.flourishedC.eliminatedD.strengthened(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.referring toB.dealing withC.running
17、 intoD.leading to(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.industriesB.companiesC.robotsD.expansions(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.influencesB.movementsC.backwardsD.advances(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.transformedB.presentedC.lostD.referred(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.inventorsB.operatorsC.programmersD.dealers(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.outnumberB.extinguishC.at
18、tackD.protest(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.conventionalB.negligibleC.simpleD.outlandish(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.developmentsB.changesC.damagesD.shapes(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.implementingB.suppressingC.evaluatingD.discarding(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.lowerB.fluctuateC.convertD.guarantee(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.suspicionB.crea
19、tivityC.controversyD.personality(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.HenceB.OtherwiseC.MeanwhileD.Furthermore(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.recognizableB.influencedC.unaffectedD.complementary(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.investorsB.robotsC.engineersD.clients(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.indifferentB.waryC.cheerfulD.satisfied(19).【C19】（分数：2.00
20、）A.asB.soC.thoughD.because(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.suggestedB.impressedC.establishedD.deemed考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 60 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数
21、：40.00）_解析：A war on sugar has begun in the UK that echoes the nation“s successful campaign against salt. The effort is【C1】_because it could help to reduce obesity, but cutting sugar out of people“s diets poses【C2】_challenges. Last week, a group of academics and policy【C3】_specializing in medicine an
22、d【C4】_announced that they had formed a campaign group, Action on Sugar. Their idea is to convince manufacturers to【C5】_and gradually lower the【C6】_of sugar added to foodsso slowly that it isn“t missed by【C7】_.It is essentially the same【C8】_as a campaign that is【C9】_credited with reducing British peo
23、ple“s salt intake. Over the past decade, CASH, a non-government organisation, helped to create anti-salt【C10】_ aimed at the general public, 【C11】_year-by-year targets for companies to reduce salt levels. These were 【C12】_but had the backing of the government, and it was【C13】_that the targets would b
24、e legally enforced if companies【C14】_. Most manufacturers lowered their salt levels and, 15 , there has been a【C15】_per cent 【C16】_in salt intake in the UK, according to CASH. Repeating the trick with sugar may be more【C17】_not least because we do not know for sure if our palates (sense of taste) ca
25、n adjust to eating food that is less【C18】_. By contrast, studies have shown that if volunteers are forced to eat a less salty diet, over several weeks they gradually begin to【C19】_food that is less salty. “There“s no reason to think that would not hold【C20】_for sweet taste too,“ says Charles Spence,
26、 a neurogas-tronomist at the University of Oxford.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.uselessB.respectableC.welcome D.unpopular解析：解析：根据空格后的原因状语从句得知，这些努力有助于减少肥胖症。说明努力会产生好的影响，故选表积极语义的 C 项 welcome“受欢迎的”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.fresh B.greatC.similarD.daily解析：解析：此句的主语是 cutting sugar out of peoples diet，上文提及效仿少盐运动开展
27、少糖运动，说明少糖运动是以前从未有过的，这个挑战是前所未有的，故选 A 项 fresh“全新的”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.trainersB.professorsC.experts D.officials解析：解析：空格处的词跟 academics(专业学者)并列，因此词义应类似，再根据空格后的 specializing in得知是“专门研究从事的人”，故选 C 项 experts“专家”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.careB.nutrition C.exerciseD.leisure解析：解析：空格处的词与 medicine 并列。上文提到的 cutting sug
28、ar out of peoplesdiet 涉及人们的饮食，此处需要一个与之呼应的词，故选 B 项 nutrition“营养学”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.randomlyB.individuallyC.collectively D.quickly解析：解析：此处需要一个副词和 gradually 一起来修饰动词 lower。lower 的逻辑主语是manufacturers“生产商”，针对的是 sugar added to foods，少糖运动是全国性的，范围规模都很大。故选 C 项 collectively“集体地”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.priceB.amou
29、nt C.magnitudeD.quality解析：解析：文章第 1 段提及削减人们膳食中的糖。lower the_ of sugar 与 cutting sugar 对应，所以此处需要一个表“份量”的词，故选 B 项 amount。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.performersB.subjectsC.researchersD.consumers 解析：解析：此处大意为“生产商逐渐减少食品中添加的糖，以很慢的速度逐步减糖以致于_不会对糖念念不忘”，生产商生产的食品是给消费者的，故选 D 项 consumers“消费者”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.actionB.stra
30、tegy C.styleD.process解析：解析：此处大意是“该运动实质上用的是同样的_，就像在减少英国人食盐量的运动时一样”。结合最后一段首句的 Repeating the trick with sugar，此处 the same as与下文 Repeating the trick相呼应，所以此处选与 trick 近义的 B 项 strategy“策略”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.widely B.specificallyC.repeatedly D uniquely解析：解析：此句的大意是“像那项被认为是减少英国人食盐量的运动一样”。文章首句提及 the nations s
31、uccessful campaign，所以此处需要一个副词来修饰 credited，the nations 说明了该运动的规模，所以此处选与之呼应的 A 项 widely“广泛地”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.regulationB.marketingC.advertising D.law解析：解析：此处需要填入一个名词作 create 的宾语，空格后面 aimed at the general public 作后置定语修饰该名词，由此可知该名词是面向广大公众的，故选 C 项 advertising“广告”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.duringB.plus C.
32、withoutD.for解析：解析：上文提及创作反盐广告，接下来是针对公司制定的每年的降低盐含量的目标，中间需要一个词连接。targets 为名词，所以推断此处需要一个介词与之构成介宾结构来补充说明这个非政府机构所做的事情。故选 B 项 plus“和，加上”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.voluntary B.unwillingC.illegalD.reluctant解析：解析：由 but 可知，空格与下文的意思存在转折。下文提及“取得了政府的支持，这意味着这些目标将会被依法强制执行”。可知此空应与下文的 be legally enforced 相反。故选 A 项 volunta
33、ry“自愿的”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.foundB.reportedC.progressedD.implied 解析：解析：空格前提到，该运动得到了政府的支持，而空格后 that 引导的从句则说“这些目标将会依法强制执行”。只有政府才可以强制执行这些目标，所以政府的支持就表示将会强制执行这些目标。故选D 项 implied“意味着”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.acceptedB.resisted C.performedD.reformed解析：解析：此处意为“如果这些公司_的话，这些目标就会被依法强制执行”。需要强制执行的情况应该是公司不愿意自觉执行，故选
34、B 项 resisted“抵制”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.in additionB.for instanceC.on average D.by contrast解析：解析：空格前半句大意是大多数制造商都降低了盐含量，空格后半句大意则是整个英国的盐摄取量大概15 个百分点。前面谈到的是大多数制造商，后面则谈到了整个英国，从小谈到大算是一种总结，故选 C 项 on average“平均下来”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.riseB.interestC.lossD.drop 解析：解析：由前半句的 lowered their salt levels(降低盐的含量)，就
35、可以推断此处应填入 D 项drop“下降”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.powerfulB.promisingC.complicated D.straightforward解析：解析：此处意为“用少盐运动的策略来减糖可能会更_”。结合空格后的“尤其是因为我们不敢确定我们的味觉是否能适应”说明少盐运动的策略在少糖运动中不一定有效，故推断这种情况不简单，选 C 项 complicated“复杂的”。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.saltyB.sweet C.sourD.spicy解析：解析：此处讨论的是少糖运动，所以我们的味觉要适应的味道是少糖的味道，“少糖”即是“少甜”
36、，故选 B 项 sweet“甜的”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.studyB.declineC.dislikeD.prefer 解析：解析：此处意为“研究已表明如果志愿者被强制要求吃少盐的饮食，几个星期之后他们逐渐开始_少盐的食物”。结合少盐运动的成功，可推断一段时间后，他们已经习惯了少盐的食物，并选择吃少盐食物，故选 D 项 prefer“更喜欢”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.silentB.firmC.true D.loose解析：解析：上文提及志愿者参与少盐实验的过程，少糖运动是效仿少盐运动进行的，所以推断少糖运动也会取得成功，故此处需填入表肯定意思的词，表示
37、这个方法对减少人们的糖摄入量也有效，所以选 C项 true，hold true 意为“适用”。Will robots take over the workforce? And if they do, what jobs will be left for us humans?Many discussions take a【C1】_view that the workforce will indeed be【C2】_by robots in the futureand why that is a good thing. Carl Bass, the chief executive of Autod
38、esk, acknowledged that workplace automation has【C3】_or reduced many manufacturing jobs, and will continue to do so in the future, 【C4】_ major shifts in the labor market. Entire【C5】_such as trucking, will eventually be disrupted by robotic【C6】_like self-driving cars, he said. But, Bass asked: “Are th
39、e jobs【C7】_ to automation ones that you would want for your children?“ Few parents, he said, dreamed their kids would someday become fuel pumpers or elevator【C8】_jobs already replaced by automation. In the next 30 years, Bass added, smart machines and robots will【C9】_humans on the planet. Bass prese
40、nted some【C10】_ideas to help societies deal with the structural【C11】_generated by a robot-heavy workforce, including taxing economic output rather than income, or【C12】_a “negative income tax,“ in which governments pay citizens a subsidy in order to【C13】_a level of income. “With our【C14】_and imaginat
41、ion, we will find harmony with the robots,“ Bass said. 【C15】_, other discussions focused on identifying jobs which were likely to remain 【C16】_from robots. For example, hairdressers might be considered safe. But not because robots can“t cut hairthe relationship between hairdressers and their【C17】_si
42、mply can“t be robotized. (And, some people might be【C18】_of a robot holding a sharp blade so close to their necks,【C19】_ plenty of robots already perform delicate surgery.) Another job【C20】_ safe? Roboticist.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.blueB.rosy C.pessimisticD.neutral解析：解析：根据下文中的 why that is a goo
43、d thing(为什么那是个好东西)可知此处应为积极、乐观含义的词。B 项 rosy“美好的；乐观的”符合语境。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.dominated B.rejectedC.excludedD.integrated解析：解析：文章第 l 段提出关于“机器人是否会成为主要劳动力”的问题。此处的 indeed 提示，空格所在句赞同“机器人会成为主要劳动力”的观点，空格所填的词应与 take over 近义，故选 A 项dominate“主导”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.stabilizedB.flourishedC.eliminated D.strengthened
44、解析：解析：句中的 or 提示，空格处与 reduced 并列。因此，本题应选择 reduce 的近义的表达，故选 C项 eliminate“消除”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.referring toB.dealing withC.running intoD.leading to 解析：解析：空格前提到“工厂自动化已经使很多制造业工作减少了”，空格后意为“劳动市场的重大转变”，在逻辑上可看出前者“导致”了后者，故选 D 项 lead to“导致”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.industries B.companiesC.robotsD.expansions解析：解析：下
45、文的 such as 对空格处举例说明。据此可推断 trucking 属于空格填入词表示的范畴。trucking“货车运输业”属于 industries“行业”的一种，故选 A。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.influencesB.movementsC.backwardsD.advances 解析：解析：空格后使用 like 短语进行举例说明，例子 self-driving cars(自动驾驶汽车)是一种高科技成果，属于“自动化的发展”，故选 D 项 advances“发展”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.transformedB.presentedC.lost D.refer
46、red解析：解析：下文的“已被自动化取代的工作”(jobs already replaced by automation)与此处的 the jobs_ to automation 对应。因此选 be replaced by(取代)的同义表达，C 项代入符合要求，be lost to 意为“输给。让位于”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.inventorsB.operators C.programmersD.dealers解析：解析：fuel pumper(加油员)与 elevator_一样都属于“已被自动化取代的工作”。B 项operator“操作员”代人空格符合要求，“电梯操作员”是已
47、经自动化的工作。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.outnumber B.extinguishC.attackD.protest解析：解析：上文提及“工厂自动化已经减少了许多工作岗位”“人们也不愿意从事那些已被自动化的工作”。根据这些信息可以推断，机器取代人的趋势是不可避免的。当被机器人取代的职位越来越多，机器人的数量也越来越多，终究会超过人的数量，故选 A 项 outnumber“在数量上超过”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.conventionalB.negligibleC.simpleD.outlandish 解析：解析：此处需要一个词来修饰 ideas，下文提及“这些 ideas 包括对经济产出而非收入征税和负所得税”。这些收税方法与政府正常的收税方法不太一样，D 项 outlandish“古怪的”能概括这些主意的特点。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.developmentsB.changes C.damagesD.shapes解析：解析：第 3 段提及 major shifts in the labor market(劳动力市场的巨大改变)。这里需要一个词与 shift(改变)对应，故选 B 项 cha
