1、考研英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 4及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is o
2、ne of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is【C1】_ to say it anyway. He is that 【C2】_bird, a scientist who works independently【C3】_any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not【C4】_thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which
3、 aroused much controversy when it was first suggested. 【C5】_he, however, might tremble at the【C6】_of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only【C7】_that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that
4、 has brought this about. The group in【C8】_ are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection. This group generally do well in IQ test,【C9】_12-15 points above the【C10】_value of 100, and have contributed【C11】_to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as
5、the【C12】_of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,【C13】_. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts,【C14】_, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been【C15】_to social effects, such as a
6、 strong tradition of【C16】_education. The latter was seen as a(n)【C17】_of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately【C18】_. His argument is that the unusual history of these people has【C19】_them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this
7、【C20】_state of affairs.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.selectedB.preparedC.obligedD.pleased(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.uniqueB.particularC.specialD.rare(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.ofB.withC.inD.against(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.subsequentlyB.presentlyC.previouslyD.lately(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.OnlyB.SoC.EvenD.Hence(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A
8、.thoughtB.sightC.costD.risk(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.advisesB.suggestsC.protestsD.objects(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.progressB.factC.needD.question(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.attainingB.scoringC.reachingD.calculating(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.normalB.commonC.meanD.total(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.unconsciouslyB.disproportionatelyC.indef
9、initelyD.unaccountably(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.missionsB.fortunesC.interestsD.careers(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.affirmB.witnessC.observeD.approve(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.moreoverB.thereforeC.howeverD.meanwhile(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.given upB.got overC.carried onD.put down(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.assessingB.supervisingC
10、.administeringD.valuing(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.developmentB.originC.consequenceD.instrument(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.linkedB.integratedC.wovenD.combined(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.limitedB.subjectedC.convertedD.directed(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.paradoxicalB.incompatibleC.inevitableD.continuousThe human nose is an under
11、rated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,【C1】_this is largely because,【C2】_animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 【C3】_to perceiving those smells which float through the air,【C4】_the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact,【C
12、5】_, we are extremely sensitive to smells, 【C6】_we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of【C7】_human smells even when these ar【C8】_to far below one part in one million. Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,【C9】_others are sensitive to the s
13、mells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate【C10】_smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send【C11】_to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell【C12】_can sudden
14、ly become sensitive to it when【C13】_to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it【C14】_to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can【C15】_new receptors if necessary. This may【C16】_explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smel
15、lswe simply do not need to be. We are not【C17】_of the usual smell of our own house, but we【C18】_new smells when we visit someone else“s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors【C19】_for unfamiliar and emergency signals【C20】_the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.（分数：40.0
16、0）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.althoughB.asC.butD.while(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.aboveB.unlikeC.excludingD.besides(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.limitedB.committedC.dedicatedD.confined(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.catchingB.ignoringC.missingD.tracking(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.anywayB.thoughC.insteadD.therefore(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.even ifB.if onlyC
17、.only ifD.as if(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.distinguishingB.discoveringC.determiningD.detecting(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.dilutedB.dissolvedC.dispersedD.diffused(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.whenB.sinceC.forD.whereas(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.unusualB.particularC.uniqueD.typical(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.signsB.stimuliC.messagesD.impulses(
18、12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.at firstB.at allC.at largeD.at times(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.subjectedB.leftC.drawnD.exposed(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.ineffectiveB.incompetentC.inefficientD.insufficient(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.introduceB.summonC.triggerD.create(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.stillB.alsoC.otherwiseD.nevertheless(17).【C1
19、7】（分数：2.00）A.sureB.sickC.awareD.tired(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.tolerateB.repelC.neglectD.notice(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.availableB.reliableC.identifiableD.suitable(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.similar toB.such asC.along withD.aside from考研英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 4答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.S
20、ection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is【C1】_
21、 to say it anyway. He is that 【C2】_bird, a scientist who works independently【C3】_any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not【C4】_thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested. 【C5】_he, however, might t
22、remble at the【C6】_of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only【C7】_that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in【C8】_ are a particular people originated fr
23、om central Europe. The process is natural selection. This group generally do well in IQ test,【C9】_12-15 points above the【C10】_value of 100, and have contributed【C11】_to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the【C12】_of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,【C13】_. Th
24、ey also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts,【C14】_, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been【C15】_to social effects, such as a strong tradition of【C16】_education. The latter was seen as a(n)【C17】_of genetic
25、 isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately【C18】_. His argument is that the unusual history of these people has【C19】_them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this【C20】_state of affairs.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.selectedB.prepared C.obliged
26、D.pleased解析：解析：考查动词辨析。前文提示“that dare not speak its name”即人类某些族群的智商可能要高于其他族群，但这仍是一种假设，不敢公开发表。接下来的 But表示后面的语义与前面相反，即“打算或准备说了”，所以选 Bprepared“预备，打算”。be selected to“被选择(做)”；be obliged to“有责任(做)”；be pleased to“高兴(做)”，均不符合题意。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.uniqueB.particularC.specialD.rare 解析：解析：考查固定搭配。逗号后面的句子做 bird的同位
27、语，解释 Gregory Cochran是什么样的人，independently告诉我们他是个特立独行的人。Gregory Cochran 打破常规，准备把这个论断说出来，像是“出头鸟”，因此选 Drare，rare birds 意为“稀世珍品，旷世奇才，罕见人(物)”，符合题意。unique“独一无二的”；particular“特殊的，特别的”；special“特殊的”，均无此用法。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.of B.withC.inD.against解析：解析：考查习惯搭配。independently 其后应搭配 of，意为“独立于，不依赖于”，即“他是一位不依赖于任何机构的独
28、立的科学家”。故选 Aof。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.subsequentlyB.presentlyC.previously D.lately解析：解析：考查副词辨析与上下文语义。“that some diseases not _ thought to have a bacterial cause”是同位语从句，修饰“idea”。下文的“actually”一词是对前面内容的转折，暗示了实际情况和过去的看法不一样，提示了本题的答案是 Cpreviously“先前”。本句意为：他推动普及了这种观点，即以前人们认为不是由细菌引起的疾病实际上是传染病，这一观点一经提出就引起了极大争议。su
29、bsequently“随后”；presently“当前”；lately“近来，最近”，均与语境不符。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.OnlyB.SoC.Even D.Hence解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。however 一词提示下面的内容与上一段形成转折，即“他虽然特立独行，但_ 他即将要做的(即发表这个结论)，甚至他也会有点战战兢兢”，因此 CEven“甚至，即使”，符合逻辑。So 和 Hence引出的是结果，Only“只，仅仅”，不符合语境，均可排除。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.thought B.sightC.costD.risk解析：解析：考查名词辨析。根据上一题的分析，
30、空格处所在的句意为“_即将要做的事，他也会有点战战兢兢”，因此 at the thought of“一想到”符合题意。at the sight of“一看到”，at the cost of“以为代价”，at the risk of“冒的风险”，均不符合语境。因此选 Athought。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.advisesB.suggests C.protestsD.objects解析：解析：考查动词辨析。which 引导一个定语从句修饰 paper，即“不但 _ 一个人类种群比其他种群更聪明，而且解释了导致这种情况的过程”，那么主语 paper应该是表达一种观点，因此Bsugge
31、sts 正确，在此意为“提出，表明”，其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。advise“建议”，protest“对提出异议”，object“反对”，均不符合语境。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.progressB.factC.needD.question 解析：解析：考查介词短语辨析。前面句子讲到人类某些族群的智商相对其他族群要高一些，由此可判断这里要说的就是“正在被讨论的族群”。in question“讨论中的，考虑中的”，符合语境，因此Dquestion 正确。in progress“在的进程中”，in fact“事实上”，in need“在危难(急)中”，均不符合题意。(9).【C9】（分
32、数：2.00）A.attainingB.scoring C.reachingD.calculating解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空白处后面的宾语是分数，因此思路就要转移到得分上，因此Bscoring“(在游戏、竞赛中)得分”正确。attain“(经过长期努力)获得”，reach“达到”，calculate“计算”，均没有“得分”的意思。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.normalB.commonC.mean D.total解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。此处意思显然为“比平均分 100分多 12分到 15分”。一般来说，average最常用的意思是“平均的”，mean 表达这个意义时比较
33、正式，符合语义。normal“正常的”，common“普通的，共同的”，total“总共的”，均不符合题意。故选 Cmean。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.unconsciouslyB.disproportionately C.indefinitelyD.unaccountably解析：解析：考查副词辨析。此处意为“这一族群在智商测验中普遍得分较高，比平均值 100分高 12至15分，而且他们在西方的学术和文化方面做出了(与他们的人数) 的贡献”，根据题意，只有Bdisproportionately“不成比例地，不相称地，比例太大(或太小地)”符合逻辑。unconsciously“
34、无意识地”，indefinitely“不确定地”，unaccountably“不能说明地，不可理解地”，均在语义上解释不通。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.missionsB.fortunesC.interestsD.careers 解析：解析：考查名词辨析。本句大意为“正如他们中的精英，包括一些世界知名的科学家的_所_的”。贡献不可能仅仅是财富等物质的东西，在这里精英人物一定是通过比较深远的东西为世界做贡献，因此答案选 Dcareers“事业”。missions“使命，任务”，fortunes“财富，运气”，interests“利益，兴趣”，均不符合题意。(13).【C13】（分数
35、：2.00）A.affirm B.witnessC.observeD.approve解析：解析：考查动词辨析。结合上题，本句意为“正如他们中的精英，包括一些世界知名的科学家的事业所_的”，即精英人物用事业_了他们对西方做出的贡献，因此只有 Aaffirm“证实，确定，强化(信念等)”符合题意。witness“目击，证明”，一般用于 witness sth和 as witnessed by sth，不接 that从句，用法上不符合要求；observe“观察，遵守”和 approve“赞成，批准”一般用于人发出的动作，而从句的主语是 the careers，故排除。(14).【C14】（分数：2.
36、00）A.moreoverB.thereforeC.however D.meanwhile解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。前文说“此外，与多数人相比，他们更容易患一些恶性的遗传病，例如乳癌”，本句说“人们以前认为这些情况是没有关联的”。上下文构成了转折关系。因此，正确答案为Chowever“然而，但是”。moreover“此外，而且”，表递进；therefore“因此”，表因果；meanwhile“同时”；均不符合语境。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.given upB.got overC.carried onD.put down 解析：解析：考查动词短语辨析。本句意为“智商归因于社会影响
37、”，且此处填入的动词短语需和下文的to搭配，只有 Dput down(to)“归因于”符合语境。be given up to“让与”，get over to“把(向某人)说清楚，使理解”，均不符合题意。carry on“继续，进行”，不和 to构成搭配。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.assessingB.supervisingC.administeringD.valuing 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。联系上文，“对西方的学术方面和文化方面作出了巨大贡献”应该与“高度重视教育”紧密相关。因此答案应该选 Dvaluing。value 本义为“评价”，此处意为“重视，看重”。assess
38、“评估，评价”，没有“重视”的意思。supervise“监督”，administer“管理，掌管”，均不符合题意。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.developmentB.originC.consequence D.instrument解析：解析：考查名词辨析。The formerThe latter 是很清晰的对称结构，前面是“归因于”的意思，后面也应该是类似的内容，因此只有 Cconsequence“结果”符合题意，构成 as a consequence of的结构，意为“是的结果”。development“发展”；origin“起源”；instrument“工具，器皿”，均不能
39、体现出因果关系。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.linked B.integratedC.wovenD.combined解析：解析：考查动词辨析。观察四个选项都有“连接、整合”的意思。根据文章对 Cochran及其新研究的介绍及近义选项的提示，可知“智力和疾病是紧密相关的”。Alinked“联系，连接”表示两者之间是相互联系的，符合句意。integrate“使完整”，表示两者融为一体；woven(原形 weave；过去式wove)，意为“编织，相互交织”；combine 指两者联合、结合；均不能表示逻辑上的“关联”，故排除。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.limitedB.
40、subjected C.convertedD.directed解析：解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境，本句意为“这些人不同寻常的历史致使他们承受了独特的进化压力”，只有 Bsubjected 符合题意。subject to“使遭受(经受)，屈服”，但是被动语态 be subjected to更常用。limit to“局限于”，只用于被动语态 be limited to。convert to“转变为”，direct to“指向，导向”，均不符合题意。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.paradoxical B.incompatibleC.inevitableD.continuous解析：解析
41、：考查形容词辨析。本句意为“这些人不同寻常的历史致使他们承受了独特的进化压力，这些压力导致了这种_的状态”。结合上文可知，this state of affairs 指的是前文中“一方面，这类人作出了杰出贡献；另一方面，他们更容易患上恶性疾病”，这是两种矛盾的状态，因此选Aparadoxical“自相矛盾的”。incompatible“不相容的，不能同时成立的”；inevitable“不可避免的”；continuous“连续的，持续的”：均不符合语境。The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be ins
42、ensitive smellers compared with animals,【C1】_this is largely because,【C2】_animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 【C3】_to perceiving those smells which float through the air,【C4】_the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact,【C5】_, we are extremely sensitive to smells, 【C6
43、】_we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of【C7】_human smells even when these ar【C8】_to far below one part in one million. Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,【C9】_others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because som
44、e people do not have the genes necessary to generate【C10】_smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send【C11】_to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell【C12】_can suddenly become sensitive to it when【C13】_to it ofte
45、n enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it【C14】_to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can【C15】_new receptors if necessary. This may【C16】_explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smellswe simply do not need to be. We are not【C17】
46、_of the usual smell of our own house, but we【C18】_new smells when we visit someone else“s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors【C19】_for unfamiliar and emergency signals【C20】_the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.althoughB.asC.but D.while
47、解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。空格前讲的是“人的嗅觉没有动物灵敏”，空格后讲的是“这主要是因为我们是直立的”。由本段首句“人的鼻子是一个被低估的工具”可知，作者并不认同“人的嗅觉没有动物的灵敏”这一普遍认同的观点。由此可推知，空格前后部分存在一种隐约的转折关系，即作者认为人的鼻子是灵敏的，只不过因为人是直立的，所以不能更好地去感知气味。故正确答案为 Cbut。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.aboveB.unlike C.excludingD.besides解析：解析：考查介词辨析。空格所在部分讲的是“这主要是因为我们是直立的”。人类是直立的，而动物不是直立的。由此可知，空格处所填单词应表示比较的关系，故正确答案为 Bunlike。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.limited B.committedC.dedicatedD.confined解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格所在部分讲“这意味着我们的鼻子_感知到那些浮在空气中的气味”。由上句可知，和动物不同，人类是直立的，由此可知，人的鼻子只能限于感知到那些浮在空气中的气味。因此，空格处应填表示“局限”的词。limit 和 confine都表
