1、考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 71 及答案解析(总分：64.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：32，分数：64.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：2.00）_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：2.00）_3.How well the predictions will be validated by later p
2、erformance depends upon the amount, reliability , and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.（分数：2.00）_4.You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they,
3、in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories.（分数：2.00）_5.It seems to me that the time is ripe for the Department of Employment and the Department of Education to get together with the u
4、niversities and produce a revised educational system which will make a more economic use of the wealth of talent, application and industry currently being wasted on certificates, diplomas and degrees that no one wants to know about.（分数：2.00）_6.Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the
5、 insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.（分数：2.00）_7.Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.（分数：2.00）_8.There
6、 is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.（分数：2.00）_9.In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of atte
7、ntion in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods.（分数：2.00）_10.Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movementsthemselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transpor
8、t.（分数：2.00）_11.Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory.（分数：2.00）_12.It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding
9、environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental.（分数：2.00）_13.We thus easily get into great difficulties from the necessity of viewing culture, at one moment, as a part of the man and, at another moment
10、, as a part of the environment.（分数：2.00）_14.Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today s young people, it naturally follows that today s English teachers cannot be doing their j
11、obs.（分数：2.00）_15.Should you break the rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person exceedingly uncomfortable, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself.（分数：2.00）_16.The quick adoption of the scheme may have indicated less about the state lawmakers respect
12、 for working people than about a fear of risking their anger.（分数：2.00）_17.We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.（分数：2.00）_18.Consequently, most of the world s fridges are to be found, not in th
13、e tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary.（分数：2.00）_19.As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our
14、 frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments harmful to ourselves.（分数：2.00）_20.In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city s buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes.（分数：2.00）
15、_21.For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and selfawareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.（分数：2.00）_22.But for many, the fact that poor people are
16、able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.（分数：2.00）_23.Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uni
17、form of a five- star general.（分数：2.00）_24.Finally, other people may give us instrumental supportfinancial aid, material resources, and needed servicesthat reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.（分数：2.00）_25.The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successfu
18、l student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply dont mix as easily as I assumed in high school.（分数：2.00）_26.Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined
19、raw material.（分数：2.00）_27.Though unemployed longer when seeking work, older women job hunt harder, hold a job longer with less absenteeism, perform as well or better, are more reliable, and are more willing to learn than men or younger women.（分数：2.00）_28.The key fact is that all three dictionaries c
20、an be seen to have a distinctly “cultural“ as well as language learning content. That being said, the way in which they approach the cultural element is not i-dentical, making direct comparisons between the three difficult.（分数：2.00）_29.It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and maki
21、ng decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.（分数：2.00）_30.Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that t
22、hey not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits.（分数：2.00）_31.It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and ei
23、ther will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation.（分数：2.00）_32.This eye on the consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor
24、to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.（分数：2.00）_考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 71 答案解析(总分：64.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：32，分数：64.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：2.00）_解析：2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then transl
25、ate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：2.00）_解析：3.How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability , and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：这些预言在多大程度上被后来的表现所证实
26、，取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适用性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。)解析：解析：Howperformance 为主语从句，depends upon 为谓语动词。with which 引导一个定语从句，修饰 skill and wisdom，which 指 skill and wisdom。在本句中 it 指代 information 这一词。4.You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction, that by the help of these oper
27、ations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：你们都多次听说过，科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的，而且从某种意义上来说，他们依靠这种方法力求从自然界归纳出某些自然规律，然后根据这些规律，用自己的某种专长，建立起他们的理论。)解析：解析：本句是一个由三个 th
28、at 引导的宾语从句构成的主从复合句。it 为形式宾语，代替三个真正的宾语从句，句中有许多介词短语作状语。5.It seems to me that the time is ripe for the Department of Employment and the Department of Education to get together with the universities and produce a revised educational system which will make a more economic use of the wealth of talent, app
29、lication and industry currently being wasted on certificates, diplomas and degrees that no one wants to know about.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：我认为时机已成熟。就业部和教育部应同大学携起手来，修正我们的教育制度，合理有效地利用学生的才能、勤奋和刻苦。而现在学生的这些才能和努力都浪费在无人感兴趣的证书、文凭和学位上。)解析：解析：It seems to me that 为主系表结构，that 实际上引导一个宾语从句。其中 which 引导定语从句修饰 system；b
30、eing 为分词短语作定语修饰 wealth；最后一个 that 引导的定语从句修饰前面的三个名词。6.Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。)解析：解析：本句属于比较结构，含有一个比
31、较结构 not so muchas“与其说不如说”。they say 为插入语。through the insights of great men of genius 和 because of more ordinary things 为两个状语。like improved techniques and tools 为介词短语作定语，修饰 things。7.Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think th
32、at animals lie outside the area of moral choice.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：这类极端主义者认为对待动物无须考虑道德问题，因为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同。)解析：解析：现在分词短语 Arguing作原因状语，里面又有一个 that 从句作 the view 的同位语，逗号后面的 that 从句是一个宾语从句。8.There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to th
33、e research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：所谓方法论是指一般历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。)解析：解析：本题属于复合结构。句子框架是 There is no agreement。whetheror引导的名词从句是 agreement 的同位语。在这个同位语从句中，methodology 后面跟着两个并列谓语，即 refers toor(refers)to。peculiar to his
34、torical work 和 appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry 都是形容词短语，分别修饰 concepts 和 research techniques。9.In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in vari
35、ous periods.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：在很大程度上由于女权主义运动的缘故，近年来史学家们将大量的注意力投向更为准确地确定妇女在各个历史时期的地位。)解析：解析：本句结构为：介词短语+主句；主句中有一个局部倒装现象，即将 more accurately 提前。10.Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movementsthemselves made relatively
36、easy nowadays by modern means of transport.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：由于人口猛增或因现代交通方式的便利而带来的大量人口流动引发的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。)解析：解析：本题属于简单句。句子框架是 stresses may occur because ofor problems arising from。arising from“由引起”，在句中作定语修饰 problems。Additional social stresses 不必逐字翻译，可转译成“对社会造成新的压力”。themselves 指 mass migration m
37、ovements。因此破折号后译成“使这种流动相对容易”。11.Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：研究学者已经证实，当人们用脑时，大脑中会发生生化反应，使其在注意力和记忆力这样的认知领域运作效率更高。)解析：解析：句子主干：Researchers have established that；第一个 that
