1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 143 及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：7，分数：40.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension_2.Part B_The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 1-5, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-H to
2、 fill in each numbered box. The first, the fourth and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. AIn addition, your legal system should make it nearly impossible for anyone to license a new business, however small. This will offer opportunities for your bureaucrats to make a living throu
3、gh corruption and will protect your cronies from domestic competition. An added advantage is that most commerce will be made illegal and subject to arbitrary enforcement. BOf course, you may find it too tiresome to nationalize everything, in which case it is very important that you establish high ta
4、riffs that insulate your country“s remaining private industries(usually owned by your cronies anyway)from competition. CFirst, make sure that your country“s money is no good. Print money like there“s no tomorrow. Hyperinflation is one of the easiest and most popular ways to dismantle an economy. Ano
5、ther popular monetary gambit is to make sure your currency is not convertible. This guarantees that no one will ever want to invest in your country. DKeeping people poor is hard work, but following the above policies will achieve that goal. Modern poverty is a miracle that only you can make happen.
6、EThis leads to the point that property is critical. Once people start to own something, they invest in it and improve it, leading inexorably to the creation of wealth. Again, the legal system can help to make it impossible to issue clear titles so that your citizens can“t buy, sell, or borrow agains
7、t their “property“. Also, force your farmers to sell their crops to government commodity boards at below-market rates. This will discourage them from investing in anything more advanced than subsistence agriculture, and you will be able to sell whatever crops you do seize at low prices to keep the u
8、rban populations quiet. F“Poverty, not economic growth, is the real miracle today,“ explains Leon Louw, executive director of the Free Market Foundation. GTo further discourage investment, be sure to nationalize all major Industries. Nationalization has additional poverty-enhancing benefits. For exa
9、mple, it will ensure that the nationalized industries never improve technologically or become more efficient, and it makes workers pathetically dependent on their political masters, namely you. HHere is a short guide for kleptocrats and egalitarians who want to keep their countries poor. All of thes
10、e policies have stood the test of time as techniques for creating and maintaining poverty. The list is by no means exhaustive, but it will give would-be political leaders a good idea of how to start their countries on the road to ruin. Order: （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_You are goin
11、g to read a text about technical resume writing tips, followed by a list of evidences. Choose the best evidence from the list A-G for each numbered subheading(1-5). There are two extra examples which you do not need to use. List your technical knowledge first, in an organized way. Your technical str
12、engths must stand out clearly at the beginning of your resume. Ultimately, your resume is going to be read by a thoughtful human being, but before it gets to that point it often has to be categorized by an administrative clerk, and make its way past various sorts of key word searches. Therefore, you
13、 should list as many directly relevant buzz words as you can which reflect your knowledge and experience. List all operating systems and UNIX flavors you know. List all programming languages and platforms with which you“re experienced. List all software you are skilled with. Make it obvious at a gla
14、nce where your strengths liewhether the glance is from a hiring manager, a clerk, or a machine. 【C1】List your qualifications in order of relevance, from most to least. 【C2】Quantify your experience wherever possible. 【C3】Don“t sell yourself short. This is by far the biggest mistake of all resumes, te
15、chnical and otherwise. 【C4】Be concise. As a rule of thumb, resumes reflecting five years or less experience should fit on one page. More extensive experience can justify usage of a second page. Consider three pages(about 15 years or more experience)an absolute limit. 【C5】Have a trusted friend review
16、 your resume. Proofread, proofread, proofread. Be sure to catch all spelling errors, grammatical weaknesses, unusual punctuation, and inconsistent capitalizations. Proofread it numerous times over at least two days to allow a fresh eye to catch any hidden mistakes. Laser print it on plain, white pap
17、er. Handwriting, typing, dot matrix printing, and even ink jet printing look pretty cheesy. Stick with laser prints. Don“t waste your money on special bond paper, matching envelopes, or any color deviances away from plain white. Your resume will be photocopied, faxed, and scanned numerous times, def
18、eating any special paper efforts, assuming your original resume doesn“t first end up in the circular file. ACite numerical figures, such as monetary budgets/funds saved, time periods/efficiency improved, lines of code written/debugged, numbers of machines administered/fixed, etc. which demonstrate p
19、rogress or accomplishments due directly to your work. BAvoid lengthy descriptions of whole projects of which you were only a part. Consolidate action verbs where one task or responsibility encompasses other tasks and duties. Minimize usage of articles(the, an, a)and never use “I“ or other pronouns t
20、o identify yourself. CLeave all these things off your resume: social security number, marital status, health, citizenship, age, scholarships, irrelevant awards, irrelevant associations and memberships, irrelevant publications, irrelevant recreational activities, a second mailing address(“permanent a
21、ddress“ is confusing and never used), references, reference of references(“available upon request“), travel history, previous pay rates, previous supervisor names, and components of your name which you really never use(i. e. middle names). DBegin sentences with action verbs. Portray yourself as some
22、one who is active, uses their brain, and gets things done. Stick with the past tense, even for descriptions of currently held positions, to avoid confusion. EBe sure to pick someone who is attentive to details, can effectively critique your writing, and will give an honest and objective opinion. Ser
23、iously consider their advice. Get a third and fourth opinion if you can. FOnly list your degree and educational qualifications first if they are truly relevant to the job for which you are applying. If you“ve already done what you want to do in a new job, by all means, list it first, even if it wasn
24、“t your most recent job. Abandon any strict adherence to a chronological ordering of your experience. GYour experiences are worthy for review by hiring managers. Treat your resume as an advertisement for you. Be sure to thoroughly “sell“ yourself by highlighting all of your strengths. If you“ve got
25、a valuable asset which doesn“t seem to fit into any existing components of your resume, list it anyway as its own resume segment.（分数：10.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.Part CDirections: Read the following te
26、xt carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese._【F1】 The problem to be taken up and the point at which the search for a solution will begin are customarily-prescribed by the investigator for a subject participating in an experiment on thinking(or by the programmer for a compute
27、r). Thus, prevailing techniques of inquiry in the psychology of thinking have invited neglect of the motivational aspects of thinking.【F2】 The conditions that determine when the person will begin to think in preference to some other activity, what he will think about, what direction his thinking wil
28、l take, and when he will regard his search for a solution as successfully terminated(or abandon it as not worth pursuing further)barely are beginning to attract investigation. Although much thinking is aimed at practical ends, special motivational problems are raised by “disinterested“ thinking, in
29、which the discovery of an answer to a question is a source of satisfaction in itself. 【F3】 For computer specialists, the detection of a mismatch between the formula that the program so far has produced and some formula or set of requirements that define a solution is what impels continuation of the
30、search and determines the direction it will follow. Neobehaviourists(like psychoanalysts)have made much of secondary reward value and stimulus generalization; i. e. , the tendency of a stimulus pattern to become a source of satisfaction if it resembles or has frequently accompanied some form of biol
31、ogical gratification. The insufficiency of this kind of explanation becomes apparent, however, when the importance of novelty, surprise, complexity, incongruity, ambiguity, and uncertainty is considered.【F4】 Inconsistency between beliefs, between items of incoming sensory information, or between one
32、“s belief and an item of sensory information evidently can be a source of discomfort impelling a search for resolution through reorganization of belief systems or through selective acquisition of new information. The motivational effects of such factors have been receiving more attention since the m
33、iddle of the 20th century, mainly because of the pervasive role they have been found to play in exploratory behaviour, play, and aesthetics. But their role in all forms of thinking also began to be appreciated and studied in relation to curiosity, conflict, and uncertainty.【F5】 As evidence accumulat
34、es about the brain processes that underlie fluctuations in motivational state, and as psychophysiological equipment with which such fluctuations can be monitored comes in for increasing use, future advances in the theory of thinking are likely to correct the present imbalance and give due prominence
35、 to motivational questions.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_The publisher“ s techniques for book promotion have become increasingly sophisticated in all advanced countries. The typical traveler or book salesman is likely to hold a co
36、llege degree, certainly in the United States; he receives a careful briefing from the home office, with elaborate samples and sales aids, and perhaps a car provided, or partly provided, by the firm.【F1】 A well-run publishing house issues two or three seasonal announcement lists with details of its f
37、orthcoming books, as well as an annual catalog of its present and past books still in print, which are sent to the principal booksellers and librarians. For many books, a prospectus may be issued, both for the use of booksellers and for direct mailing by the publisher. The distribution of review cop
38、ies to the press is the last item in the normal program. These three steps, traveling, catalogs, and reviews, are the vital elements in the machinery of book distribution, which it is virtually impossible to accomplish without the professional work of a publisher.【F2】 The capacity of some authors to
39、 produce a quite presentable book with the help of a printer still leaves them far from their objective unless they can find a publisher to undertake its distribution. Newspaper and periodical advertising is the publisher“s principal means of reaching the public, and standards here have also risen c
40、onsiderably since World War II .【F3】 Originally handled entirely by the publisher“s own staff, it is now not uncommon for the larger houses, especially in the United States and in some European countries, to employ advertising agencies to prepare the copy and the general details of the campaign for
41、any important book. 【F4】 While few authors consider that their books are advertised adequately and most publishers are highly doubtful whether press advertising does in fact sell books, the amounts spent in relation to sales revenue are much higher than for most other commodities, seldom less than 5
42、 percent for new books. 【F5】 Over the whole field of sales promotion, as publishing houses have grown in size and profitability, there has been a marked tendency for the more commercial methods of general business to be applied to books, which are aggressively promoted to retailers and the public in
43、 the same manner as are many other commodities. Though this may increase sales, at least in the short term, it may be doubted whether it is in the interests of the public and to the long-term advantage of good publishing.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.0
44、0）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_考研英语（阅读）-试卷 143 答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：7，分数：40.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension_解析：2.Part B_解析：The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 1-5, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-H to fill in each numbered box. The first, the fourth and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. AIn addition, your legal system should make it nearly impossible for anyone to license a new business, however small. This will
