1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 5及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_Anecdotal evidence has long held that creativity in ar
2、tists and writers can be associated with living in foreign parts. Rudyard Kipling, Pablo Picasso, Ernest Hemingway, Paul Gauguin, Samuel Beckett and others spent years dwelling abroad. Now a pair of psychologists has proved that there is indeed a link. As they report in the Journal of Personality an
3、d Social Psychology, William Maddux of INSEAD, a business school in Fontainebleau, France, and Adam Galinsky, of the Kellogg School of Management in Chicago, presented 155 American business students and 55 foreign ones studying in America with a test used by psychologists as a measure of creativity.
4、 Given a candle, some matches and a box of drawing pins, the students were asked to attach the candle to a cardboard wall so that no wax would drip on the floor when the candle was lit.(The solution is to use the box as a candleholder and fix it to the wall with the pins.)They found 60% of students
5、who were either living abroad or had spent some time doing so, solved the problem, whereas only 42% of those who had not lived abroad did so. A follow-up study with 72 Americans and 36 foreigners explored their creative negotiating skills. Pairs of students were asked to play the role of a seller of
6、 a petrol station who then needed to get a job and a buyer who would need to hire staff to run the business. The two were likely to reach a deadlock because the buyer had been told he could not afford what the seller was told was his minimum price. Nevertheless, where both negotiators had lived abro
7、ad 70% struck a deal in which the seller was offered a management job at the petrol station in return for a lower asking price. When neither of the negotiators had lived abroad, none was able to reach a deal. To check that they had not merely discovered that creative people are more likely to choose
8、 to live abroad, Dr Maddux and Dr Galinsky identified and measured personality traits, such as openness to new experiences, that are known to predict creativity. They then used statistical controls to filter out such factors. Even after that had been done, the statistical relationship between living
9、 abroad and creativity remained, indicating that it is something from the experience of living in foreign parts that helps foster creativity. Merely travelling abroad, however, was not enough. You do have to live there. Packing your beach towel and suntan lotion will not, by itself, make you Hemingw
10、ay.（分数：10.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, famous names are cited to show the relationship between（分数：2.00）A.psychology and artB.artistic creation and life experience.C.creativity and living abroad.D.writing and painting.(2).It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that（分数：2.00）A.William Maddux and Adam
11、Galinsky have carefully designed the test.B.the experience of living abroad can give people a creative edge.C.American business students are less creative than those oversea students.D.one“s creativity is associated with the length one has spent abroad.(3).The word “deadlock“(Line 4, Paragraph 3)mos
12、t probably means（分数：2.00）A.a failure to reach agreement.B.an intractable dilemma.C.an unacceptable offer.D.a bitter quarrel.(4).Dr Maddux and Dr Galinsky adopted statistical controls to（分数：2.00）A.filter out the interference factors such as personality traits.B.identify the statistical relationship b
13、etween personality and creativity.C.analyze the interaction between personality and creativity.D.measure the influence of openness to new experiences on creativity.(5).In the last sentence of Paragraph 5, the author means that（分数：2.00）A.there exist sharp differences between traveling and living abro
14、ad.B.merely traveling abroad lends no help in cultivating one“s creativity.C.only real experience of living abroad can help foster creativity.D.the travelling part of living abroad avails to nothing about one“s creativity.Give the Senate some credit: in shaping the current immigration-reform bill, i
15、t has come up with one idea that almost everybody hates. That“s the plan to create a new class of “guest workers“immigrants who would be allowed to work in the U.S. for three two-year stretches, at most, provided that they return home for a year after each visit. Conservatives dislike the plan becau
16、se they believe that the guest workers won“t return home after their visas expire. Liberals dislike it because they believe the program will depress American wages and trap guest workers in a state of serfdom. The only vocal supporters of the provision are businesses that rely heavily on immigrant l
17、abor, and they“re presumably just looking out for themselves. With the broader concerns about the effects of illegal immigration, the hostility to the new plan is understandable. It“s also misguided. However imperfect, the guest-worker program is better than any politically viable alternative. Oppon
18、ents of immigration sometimes imply that adding workers to a workforce automatically brings wages down. But immigrants tend to work in different industries than native workers, and have different skills, and so they often end up complementing native workers, rather than competing with them. That can
19、 make native workers more productive and therefore better off. According to a recent study by the economists Gianmarco Ottaviano and Giovanni Peri, between 1990 and 2004 immigration actually boosted the wages of most American workers; its only negative effect was a small one, on the wages of workers
20、 without a high-school diploma. And if by increasing the number of legal guest workers we reduced the number of undocumented workers, the economy would benefit even more. Guest workers are also, paradoxically, less likely than illegal immigrants to become permanent residents. The U.S. already has a
21、number of smallerand less well-designedtemporary-worker programs, and there“s no evidence that workers in those plans routinely overstay their visas. One remarkable study found that after border enforcement was stepped up in 1993 the chances of an illegal immigrant returning to his homeland to stay
22、fell by a third. In fact, whatever benefits the guest-worker program brought to the U.S. economy or to particular businesses, the biggest winners would be the workers themselves. Congress, of course, is under no obligation to care about foreign workers. But the program“s costs to American workers ar
23、e negligible, the gains for the guest workers are enormous, and the U.S. economy will benefit. This is that rare option which is both sensible and politically possible.（分数：10.00）(1).In Paragraph 2, the author holds that the guest-worker program will（分数：2.00）A.arouse great concerns about illegal immi
24、gration.B.be a sensible way to solve the immigration problems.C.be hazardous to the improvement of working structure.D.bring fierce competitions to local laborers.(2).Gianmarco Ottaviano and Giovanni Peri point out that immigration（分数：2.00）A.is immune from negative effects.B.has lead to economic pro
25、sperity and social stability.C.has enhanced wages of most American workers.D.will root out illegal documentation of workers.(3).Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）A.Illegal immigrants have more chances to stay permanently in the U.S. than guest workers.B.With stepped-up
26、 border control, illegal immigrants are more likely to stay in their homeland.C.Workers in temporary-worker programs usually pay no attention to their visa duration.D.Guest workers will not stay too long because of the enhanced border enforcement.(4).The plan of creating a new class of “guest worker
27、s“（分数：2.00）A.has aroused criticism from conservatives, liberals and the business world.B.has allowed immigrants to work in the U.S. for six consecutive years.C.will benefit both businesses and immigrant labor employers.D.will give people a good reason to threat such workers as slaves.(5).What is the
28、 author“s attitude towards guest workers plan?（分数：2.00）A.Negligible.B.Obscure.C.Indifferent.D.Favorable.Don“t talk: your cell phone may be eavesdropping. Thanks to recent developments in “spy phone“ software, a do-it-yourself spook can now wirelessly transfer a wiretapping program to any mobile phon
29、e. The programs are inexpensive, and the transfer requires no special skill. The would-be spy needs to get his hands on your phone to press keys authorizing the download, but it takes just a few minutesabout the time needed to download a ringtone. This new generation of user-friendly ipyphone softwa
30、re has become widely available in the last year and it confers stunning powers. The latest programs can silently turn on handset microphones even when no call is being made, allowing a spy to listen to voices in a room halfway around the world. Targets are none the wiser: neither call logs nor phone
31、 bills show records of the secretly transmitted data. More than 200 companies sell spy-phone software online, at prices as low as $50. Vendors are loath to release sales figures. But some experts claim that a surprising number of people carry a mobile that has been compromised, usually by a spouse,
32、lover, parent or co-worker. Many employees, experts say, hope to discover a supervisor“s dishonest dealings and tip off the top boss anonymously. Max Maiellaro, head of Agata Christie Investigation, a private-investigation firm in Milan, estimates that 3 percent of mobiles in France and Germany are
33、tapped, and about 5 percent or so in Greece, Italy, Romania and Spain. James Atkinson, a spy-phone expert at Granite Island Group, a security consultancy in Gloucester, Massachusetts, puts the number of tapped phones in the U.S. at 3 percent. Even if these numbers are inflated, clearly many otherwis
34、e law-abiding citizens are willing to break wiretapping laws. Spyware thrives on iPhones, BlackBerrys and other smart phones because they have ample processing power. In the United States, the spread of GSM networks, which are more vulnerable than older technologies, has also enlarged the pool of po
35、tential victims. Spyware being developed for law-enforcement agencies will accompany a text message and automatically install itself in the victim“s phone when the message is opened, according to an Italian developer who declined to be identified. One worry is that the software will find its way int
36、o the hands of criminals. The current embarrassment is partly the result of decisions by Apple, Microsoft and Research In Motion(producer of the BlackBerry)to open their phones to outside application-software developers, which created the opening for spyware. Antivirus and security programs develope
37、d for computers require too much processing power, even for smart phones. Although security programs are available for phones, by and large users haven“t given the threat much thought If the spying keeps spreading, that may change soon.（分数：10.00）(1).The cell phone may be eavesdropping in that（分数：2.0
38、0）A.the software industry has created a do-it-yourself program.B.the spy phone software requires no special skills or knowledge.C.a recent software can transfer a wiretapping program to other phones.D.to download the spy phone software is as easy as pressing keys.(2).Which of the following is true o
39、f the “spy phone“?（分数：2.00）A.It“s a complicated and inexpensive wireless transfer software.B.It can be downloaded to the phone for free.C.The download takes less than the time of downloading a ringtone.D.Its targets are totally unaware that they are spied.(3).In pointing out figures related to compr
40、omised mobiles, the author suggests that（分数：2.00）A.an unexpected number of people are being eavesdropped.B.many employees hope to discover the boss“ dishonest secrets.C.the popularity of spy-phone software results from low prices.D.law-abiding people become the victims of spy phone.(4).According to
41、Paragraph 4, Spyware（分数：2.00）A.increases the processing power of iPhones.B.enlarges the pool of potential victims.C.is developed by law-enforcement agencies.D.might serve the devil.(5).Which of the following is the best title for this text?（分数：2.00）A.How to Deal with Phone Spies?B.Spyware is Here an
42、d ThereC.Is Your Cell Phone Spying on You?D.Security Programs for PhonesFor a quarter of a century, surveys of reading habits by the National for the Arts(NEA), a federally-funded body, have been favorite material for anyone who thinks America is dumbing down . Susan Jacoby, author of The Age of Ame
43、rican Unreason, for example, cites the 2007 NEA report that “the proportion of 17-year-olds who read nothing(unless required to do so for school)more than doubled between 1984 and 2004.“ So it is a surprise that this trend seems to have taken a turn for the better. This week the NEA reported that, f
44、or the first time since 1982 when its survey began, the number of adults who said they had read a novel, short story, poem or play in the past 12 months had gone up, rising from 47% of the population in 2002 to over 50% in 2008. The increase, modest as it is, has thrown educationalists into exciteme
45、nt. “It“s just a blip,“ one professor told The New York Times. It is certainly a snapshot. But it is not statistically insignificant. As the NEA“s research director, Sunil Iyengar, points out, almost every demographic and ethnic group seems to be reading more. The increase has been most marked in gr
46、oups whose reading had declined most in the past 25 years, African-Americans and Hispanics(up by 15% and 20% respectively since 2002). It has also been larger among people at lower levels of education: reading among college graduates was flat, but among those who dropped out of high school it rose f
47、rom under a quarter to over a third. Most remarkable of all has been the rebound among young men. The numbers of men aged 18-24 who say they are reading books(not just online)rose 24% in 2002-08. Teachers sometimes despair of young men, whose educational performance has lagged behind that of young w
48、omen almost across the board. But the reading gap at least may be narrowing. Dana Gioia, the NEA“s outgoing chairman, thinks the reason for the turnaround is the public reaction to earlier reports which had sounded the alarm. “There has been a measurable change in society“s commitment to literacy,“
49、he says. “Reading has become a higher priority.“ It may also be benefiting from the growing popularity of serious-minded leisure pursuits of many kinds. Museums, literary festivals and live opera transmissions into cinemas are all reporting larger audiences. Mr. Iyengar thinks the division between those who read a lot and those who don“t is eroding. What has not changed, though, is America“s “functional illiteracy
