【考研类试卷】中国科学院考博英语真题2013年3月及答案解析.doc
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1、中国科学院考博英语真题 2013 年 3 月及答案解析(总分:130.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数:20,分数:10.00)1.Between 1981 and 1987, the number of permanent jobs had increased by only 1,000, although training has been substantially _ by the corporation.(分数:0.50)A.boostedB.curtailedC.plungedD.expended2.It is a touching scene
2、 that every parent can immediately _ because they have gone through the same ritual with their own children.(分数:0.50)A.come throughB.identify withC.take upD.refer to3.In ancient mythology there were no impassable _ separating the divine from the human beings.(分数:0.50)A.polarityB.splitC.gulfD.void4.G
3、uarantees and warranties tell buyers the repairs for which a manufacturer is _.(分数:0.50)A.qualifiedB.agreeableC.compatibleD.liable5.The oil spill had a _ effect on sea birds and other wildlife.(分数:0.50)A.reluctantB.mischievousC.devastatingD.malignant6.A friend is, _, a second self.(分数:0.50)A.as it i
4、sB.as it wereC.as well asD.as though7.He leaned out of an upstairs window and felt a current of warm air _ from the street.(分数:0.50)A.exaltingB.ascendingC.swayingD.fluctuating8.In a market economy, it is impractical to _ big banks to reduce the qualification to provide financial support for small an
5、d medium-sized enterprises.(分数:0.50)A.take onB.bear onC.hold onD.count on9.The author _ us as consistently fair and accurate about the issues.(分数:0.50)A.dismissedB.agitatedC.struckD.seized10.The new system is similar to the old one _ there is still a strong central government.(分数:0.50)A.now thatB.so
6、 thatC.in case thatD.in that11.In the final analysis, it is our _ of death which decides our answers to all the questions that life puts to us.(分数:0.50)A.conceptionB.deceptionC.receptionD.presentation12.The great tragedy of life is not that men _, but that they cease to love.(分数:0.50)A.terminateB.ex
7、pireC.perishD.wither13.His doctor has told him he mustn“t drink, but he still has the occasional brandy _.(分数:0.50)A.on the spotB.on the slyC.in natureD.in short14.In some African countries, the cost of treating an AIDS patient may _ his or her entire annual income.(分数:0.50)A.exploitB.expelC.expireD
8、.exceed15.The current _ with exam results is actually harming children“s education.(分数:0.50)A.interventionB.manipulationC.obsessionD.domination16.Sometimes certain families adhered _ the same religious beliefs for several generations.(分数:0.50)A.toB.forC.afterD.with17.He knew that the area“s rich pla
9、nt life had been severely _ by the huge herds of cows grazing the land.(分数:0.50)A.depletedB.decomposedC.corruptedD.corroded18.The long wait for news of my exam results has already set my nerves _.(分数:0.50)A.on fireB.on edgeC.on earthD.on impulse19.A solution must be found that doesn“t _ too many peo
10、ple in this group, otherwise it cannot work.(分数:0.50)A.arouseB.offendC.spurD.violate20.The Federal Government _ farmers by buying their surplus crops at prices above the market value.(分数:0.50)A.piratesB.mediatesC.supplementsD.subsidizes二、Part Cloze(总题数:1,分数:15.00)Parents who believe that playing vid
11、eo games is less harmful to their kids“ attention spans than watching TV may want to reconsider. Some researchers 1 more than 1,300 children in different grades for a year. They asked both the kids and their parents to estimate how many hours per week the kids spent watching TV and playing video gam
12、es, and they 2 the children“s attention spans by 3 their schoolteachers. 4 studies have examined the effect of TV or video games on attention problems, but not both. By looking at video-game use 5 TV watching, these scientists were able to show for the first time that the two activities have a simil
13、ar relationship 6 attention problems. Shawn Green, a psychologist at the University of Minnesota, points out that the study doesn“t distinguish between the type of 7 required to excel at a video game and that required to excel in school. “A child who is capable of playing a video game for hours 8 ob
14、viously does not have a 9 problem with paying attention,“ says Green. “ 10 are they able to pay attention to a game but not in school? What expectancies have the games set up that aren“t being delivered in a school 11 ?“ Modem TV shows are so exciting and fast paced that they make reading and school
15、work seem 12 by comparison, and the same may be true 13 video games, the study notes. “We weren“t able to break the games down by educational versus non-educational 14 nonviolent versus violent,“ says Swing, 15 that the impact that different types of games may have on attention is a ripe area for fu
16、ture research.(分数:15.00)A.followedB.trainedC.questionedD.challengedA.provokedB.speculatedC.formulatedD.assessedA.surveyingB.consideringC.persuadingD.guidingA.ContinuedB.PreviousC.LaterD.OngoingA.far fromB.except forC.as well asD.instead ofA.forB.toC.onD.ofA.competitionB.techniqueC.attentionD.strateg
17、yA.on endB.at lengthC.now and thenD.in and outA.similarB.relevantC.seriousD.trickyA.WhatB.WhyC.WhenD.WhereA.settingB.sceneC.frameD.platformA.industriousB.limitedC.dullD.funnyA.onB.atC.inD.forA.orB.againstC.whileD.withA.addingB.addsC.addedD.having added三、Part Reading Compr(总题数:0,分数:0.00)四、Section A(总
18、题数:0,分数:0.00)五、Passage One(总题数:1,分数:12.00)Ever since the early days of modem computing in the 1940s, the biological metaphor has been irresistible. The first computersroom-size behemothswere referred to as “giant brains“ or “electronic brains,“ in headlines and everyday speech. As computers improved
19、 and became capable of some tasks familiar to humans, like playing chess, the term used was “artificial intelligence“. DNA, it is said, is the original software. For the most part, the biological metaphor has long been just thata simplifying analogy rather than a blueprint for how to do computing. E
20、ngineering, not biology, guided the pursuit of artificial intelligence. As Frederick Jelinek, a pioneer in speech recognition, put it, “airplanes don“t flap their wings.“ Yet the principles of biology are gaining ground as a tool in computing. The shift in thinking results from advances in neuroscie
21、nce and computer science, and from the push of necessity. The physical limits of conventional computer designs are within sightnot today or tomorrow, but soon enough. Nanoscale circuits cannot shrink much further. Today“s chips are power hogs, running hot, which curbs how much of a chip“s circuitry
22、can be used. These limits loom as demand is accelerating for computing capacity to make sense of a surge of new digital data from sensors, online commerce, social networks, video streams and corporate and government databases. To meet the challenge, without gobbling the world“s energy supply, a diff
23、erent approach will be needed. And biology, scientists say, promises to contribute more than metaphors. “Every time we look at this, biology provides a clue as to how we should pursue the frontiers of computing,“ said John E. Kelly, the director of research at I. B. M. Dr. Kelly points to Watson, th
24、e questionanswering computer that can play “Jeopardy!“ and beat two human champions earlier this year. The I. B. M. “s clever machine consumes 85,000 watts of electricity, while the human brain runs on just 20 watts. “Evolution figured this out,“ Dr. Kelly said. Several biologically inspired paths a
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