1、在职攻读硕士学位全国联考教育硕士英语二卷二真题 2009年及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：60 分钟)一、Translation(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Are Teachers Responsible for Student Learning? The argument can be made that student learning is both the responsibility and choice of the individual student. Consider the following quote, which espouses this positio
2、n:Because every person is accountable for his or her own behavior but not for what other people do, teachers must be held accountable for what they do as teachers but not for what their students do as learners. Students are responsible for their own learning. Ultimately, this position is quite accur
3、ate. As Elliot Eisner acknowledges, it is the students who must integrate and make sense of new knowledge or practice new skills. Without their participation, it is possible that no actual learning will take place; and in fact, in many states in the U.S., high-stakes testing programs are holding stu
4、dents responsible for their learning by denying promotion, requiring summer school, and delaying graduation. But is learning solely the responsibility of students? Most of us would agree that learning is a partnership between teachers and students in which both hold responsibility. Indeed, many educ
5、ators believe that teaching has not taken place if students have not learned. Research clearly suggests that teachers and the quality of their instruction directly affect student learning. If teachers can influence learning, then is it not a professional obligation to promote the greatest amount of
6、learning possible? The process-product research summarized by Brophy and Good and a host of others has supported the positive effects of certain teaching practices that enhance student achievement gains. Clearly, teachers are the schools primary point of contact with students and in large part deter
7、mine the outcomes of educational goals and learning results for students. A substantial body of research has supported the broader contention that teacher quality as defined in numerous waysdirectly affects student learning. In a sweeping meta-analysis of available studies on what variables impact s
8、chool learning, Wang, Haertel, and Walberg found a “general agreement among experts” regarding these influences. One of their major conclusions was that variables such as state, district, and even school-level policy have little direct influence on school learning; it is variables like psychological
9、 factors, instructional characteristics, and home environment that have more impact. Schools obviously have the greatest control over instructional characteristics as determined by classroom teachers. Given this research base, we believe that teachers are responsible not only for teaching but also,
10、to some extent, for learning outcomes. If this position is accepted, then there is the question of how to measure learning outcomes. （分数：20.00）(1).Without their participation, it is possible that no actual learning will take place; and in fact, in many states in the U.S., high-stakes testing program
11、s are holding students responsible for their learning by denying promotion, requiring summer school, and delaying graduation. （分数：4.00）_(2).If teachers can influence learning, then is it not a professional obligation to promote the greatest amount of learning possible? （分数：4.00）_(3).Clearly, teacher
12、s are the schools primary point of contact with students and in large part determine the outcomes of educational goals and learning results for students.（分数：4.00）_(4).One of their major conclusions was that variables such as state, district, and even school-level policy have little direct influence
13、on school learning; it is variables like psychological factors, instructional characteristics, and home environment that have more impact.（分数：4.00）_(5).Given this research base, we believe that teachers are responsible not only for teaching but also, to some extent, for learning outcomes. （分数：4.00）_
14、二、Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.In some schools students are streamed (分流) into different groups based on their existing levels. But some people criticize this as discrimination. Students put into the lower level groups may feel inferior and thus lose courage to learn. Whats your opinion on this issue? P
15、lease discuss this issue from theoretical as well practical points of view in about 300 words.（分数：20.00）_在职攻读硕士学位全国联考教育硕士英语二卷二真题 2009年答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：60 分钟)一、Translation(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Are Teachers Responsible for Student Learning? The argument can be made that student learning is both the respon
16、sibility and choice of the individual student. Consider the following quote, which espouses this position:Because every person is accountable for his or her own behavior but not for what other people do, teachers must be held accountable for what they do as teachers but not for what their students d
17、o as learners. Students are responsible for their own learning. Ultimately, this position is quite accurate. As Elliot Eisner acknowledges, it is the students who must integrate and make sense of new knowledge or practice new skills. Without their participation, it is possible that no actual learnin
18、g will take place; and in fact, in many states in the U.S., high-stakes testing programs are holding students responsible for their learning by denying promotion, requiring summer school, and delaying graduation. But is learning solely the responsibility of students? Most of us would agree that lear
19、ning is a partnership between teachers and students in which both hold responsibility. Indeed, many educators believe that teaching has not taken place if students have not learned. Research clearly suggests that teachers and the quality of their instruction directly affect student learning. If teac
20、hers can influence learning, then is it not a professional obligation to promote the greatest amount of learning possible? The process-product research summarized by Brophy and Good and a host of others has supported the positive effects of certain teaching practices that enhance student achievement
21、 gains. Clearly, teachers are the schools primary point of contact with students and in large part determine the outcomes of educational goals and learning results for students. A substantial body of research has supported the broader contention that teacher quality as defined in numerous waysdirect
22、ly affects student learning. In a sweeping meta-analysis of available studies on what variables impact school learning, Wang, Haertel, and Walberg found a “general agreement among experts” regarding these influences. One of their major conclusions was that variables such as state, district, and even
23、 school-level policy have little direct influence on school learning; it is variables like psychological factors, instructional characteristics, and home environment that have more impact. Schools obviously have the greatest control over instructional characteristics as determined by classroom teach
24、ers. Given this research base, we believe that teachers are responsible not only for teaching but also, to some extent, for learning outcomes. If this position is accepted, then there is the question of how to measure learning outcomes. （分数：20.00）(1).Without their participation, it is possible that
25、no actual learning will take place; and in fact, in many states in the U.S., high-stakes testing programs are holding students responsible for their learning by denying promotion, requiring summer school, and delaying graduation. （分数：4.00）_正确答案：(没有他们（学生）的参与，就可能没有真正的学习；而且，事实上，在美国许多州，高利害的考试使得学生必须对自己的学
26、习负责，否则不准予升级，或必须参加暑期补习班，或推迟毕业。)解析：(2).If teachers can influence learning, then is it not a professional obligation to promote the greatest amount of learning possible? （分数：4.00）_正确答案：(如果教师可以影响学习，那么，教师的职责不就是促进学生学到尽可能最多的东西吗？ )解析：(3).Clearly, teachers are the schools primary point of contact with studen
27、ts and in large part determine the outcomes of educational goals and learning results for students.（分数：4.00）_正确答案：(显然，在学校里，教师与学生接触得最多，在很大程度上他们（教师）决定教育目标的达成情况和学生的学习结果。)解析：(4).One of their major conclusions was that variables such as state, district, and even school-level policy have little direct inf
28、luence on school learning; it is variables like psychological factors, instructional characteristics, and home environment that have more impact.（分数：4.00）_正确答案：(他们研究的主要结论之一是，州、学区甚至学校制订的政策这些变量对在校学习没有多少直接的影响；而心理因素、教学特点、家庭环境等变量的影响更大。)解析：(5).Given this research base, we believe that teachers are respons
29、ible not only for teaching but also, to some extent, for learning outcomes. （分数：4.00）_正确答案：(根据这项研究的结果，我们认为，教师不仅对教负责任，而且也一定程度上对学习的结果负责任。)解析：二、Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.In some schools students are streamed (分流) into different groups based on their existing levels. But some people criticize this as discrimination. Students put into the lower level groups may feel inferior and thus lose courage to learn. Whats your opinion on this issue? Please discuss this issue from theoretical as well practical points of view in about 300 words.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(范文略)解析：
