1、在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解-试卷 12及答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英文阅读理解题(总题数：5，分数：50.00)In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are mo
2、re profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows. Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of “trash talk (废话)“. The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes
3、the ever-common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of society“s moral catastrophes (灾难)， yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments (困境) of other people“s l
4、ives. Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individual“s quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your work week, to getting to kn
5、ow your neighbors. Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a “final word“. He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valu
6、able. Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show“s main target audience are middle-class Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and stability to deal with life“s tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of
7、society. These are 18 to 21-year-olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the show“s exploitation. While the two shows are as different as night and day, both have ruled the talk show
8、circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world. (388 words)（分数：10.00）(1).Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Opr
9、ah Winfrey are_.（分数：2.00）A.more family-orientedB.unusually popularC.more profoundD.relatively formal(2).Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear distasteful, the audience _.（分数：2.00）A.remain fascinated by themB.are ready to face up to themC.remain indifferent to themD.are willing
10、 to get involved in them(3).Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show?（分数：2.00）A.A new type of robot.B.Racist hatred.C.Family budget planning.D.Street violence.(4).Despite their different approaches, the two talk shows are both_.（分数：2.00）A.ironicalB.sensitiveC.instruct
11、iveD.cynical(5).We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows_.（分数：2.00）A.have monopolized the talk show circuitB.exploit the weaknesses in human natureC.appear at different times of the dayD.are targeted at different audiencesTake the case of public education alone. The principal difficulty
12、 faced by the schools has been the tremendous increase in the number of pupils. This has been caused by the advance of the legal age for going into industry and the impossibility of finding a job even when the legal age has been reached. In view of the technological improvements in the last few year
13、s, business will require in the future proportionately fewer workers than ever before. The result will be still further raising of the legal age for going into employment, and still further difficulty in finding employment when that age has been attained. If we cannot put our children to work, we mu
14、st put them in school. We may also be quite confident that the present trend toward a shorter day and a shorter week will be maintained. We have developed and shall continue to have a new leisure class. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them
15、since the depression began. They will be little better off when it is over. Their support must come from the taxpayer. It is surely too much to hope that these increases in the cost of public education can be borne by the local communities. They cannot care for the present restricted and inadequate
16、system. The local communities have failed in their efforts to cope with unemployment. They cannot expect to cope with public education on the scale on which we must attempt it. The answer to the problem of unemployment has been Federal relief. The answer to the problem of public education may have t
17、o be much the same, and properly so. If there is one thing in which the citizens of all parts of the country have an interest, it is in the decent education of the citizens of all parts of the country. Our income tax now goes in part to keep our neighbors alive. It may have to go in part as well to
18、make our neighbors intelligent. We are now attempting to preserve the present generation through Federal relief of the destitute (贫民). Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Federal funds as public education may require. (378 words)（分数：10.00）(1).What is the passage mai
19、nly about?（分数：2.00）A.How to persuade local communities to provide more funds.B.How to cope with the shortage of funds for public education.C.How to improve the public education system.D.How to solve the rising unemployment problem.(2).What is the reason for the increase in the number of students?（分数
20、：2.00）A.The requirement of educated workers by business.B.Raising of the legal age for going to work.C.The trend toward a shorter workday.D.People“s concern for the future of the next generation.(3).The public agencies for adult education will be little better off because_.（分数：2.00）A.the unemployed
21、are too poor to continue their educationB.a new leisure class has developedC.they are still suffering from the depressionD.an increase in taxes could be a problem(4).According to the author, the answer to the problem of public education is that the Federal government_.（分数：2.00）A.should allocate Fede
22、ral funds for public educationB.should demand that local communities provide supportC.should raise taxes to meet the needs of public educationD.should first of all solve the problem of unemployment(5).Why does the author say “Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Fede
23、ral funds as public education may require“ (Lines 11 12, Para. 3)?（分数：2.00）A.Only by appropriating adequate Federal funds for education can the next generation have a bright future.B.Citizens of all parts of the country agree that the best way to support education is to use Federal funds.C.People al
24、l over the country should make contributions to education in the interest of the next generation.D.Educated people are determined to use part of the Federal funds to help the poor.What might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two
25、 distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special-purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system： fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manually driven cars. A special-purpose la
26、ne system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway (高速公路) capacity. Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip
27、or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special-purpose lanes were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One meth
28、od would use is a special onramp (人口引道). As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it
29、passed such tests, the driver would then be guided through a gate and toward an automated lane. In this case, the transition from manual to automated control would take place on the entrance ramp. An alternative technique could employ conventional lanes, which would be shared by automated and regula
30、r vehicles. The driver would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a “transition“ lane. The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic. (The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would, presumably, be well respected, because all
31、 trespassers (非法进入者) could be swiftly identified by authorities. ) Either approach to joining, a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automatic control here should allow for smooth merging, without the usual uncertainties and
32、 potential for accidents. And once a vehicle had settled into automated travel, the drive would be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just relax. (392 words)（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from the first paragraph that two systems of automated highways（分数：2.00）A.are being plannedB.are being
33、 modifiedC.are now in wide useD.are under construction(2).A special-purpose lane system is probably advantageous in that_.（分数：2.00）A.it would require only minor changes to existing highwaysB.it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiencyC.it has a lane for both automated and partially auto
34、mated vehiclesD.it offers more lanes for automated vehicles(3).Which of the following is true about driving on an automated highway?（分数：2.00）A.Vehicles traveling on it are assigned different lanes according to their destinations.B.A car can join existing traffic any time in a mixed lane system.C.The
35、 driver should inform his car computer of his destination before driving onto it.D.The driver should share the automated lane with those of regular vehicles.(4).We know from the passage that a car can enter a special-purpose lane_.（分数：2.00）A.by smoothly merging with cars on the conventional laneB.by
36、 way of a ramp with electronic control devicesC.through a specially guarded gateD.after all trespassers are identified and removed(5).When driving in an automated lane, the driver_.（分数：2.00）A.should harmonize with newly entering carsB.doesn“t have to rely on his computer systemC.should watch out for
37、 potential accidentsD.doesn“t have to hold on to the steering wheelBill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world“s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administratio
38、n). The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed (贪婪) on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature. But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79, 000 people a
39、re expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day. “If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not
40、to have one,“said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last five years or so, when someone says, “Should I attempt to get an MBA“, the answer a lot more is: It depends. “ The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stor
41、es Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught. The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders. The artic
42、le called MBA hires “extremely disappointing“ and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they don“t understand politics and people, and they aren“t able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, they“re out looking for other jobs. “ The problem, most participants in the debate
43、 acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光环) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness. Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The growth was
44、 fueled by a backlash (反冲) against the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the women“s movement. Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “They don“t get a lot of grounding in th
45、e people side of the business,“ said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm. (419 words)（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses dominated by purer disciplines?（分数：2.00）A.Scornful.B.Apprecia
46、tive.C.Envious.D.Realistic.(2).It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees has been fueled mainly by_.（分数：2.00）A.the complaints from various employersB.the success of many non-MBAsC.the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplinesD.the poor performance of MBAs at work(3).What i
47、s the major weakness of MBA holders according to The Harvard Business Review?（分数：2.00）A.They are usually self-centered.B.They are aggressive and greedy.C.They keep complaining about their jobs.D.They are not good at dealing with people.(4).From the passage we know that most MBAs_.（分数：2.00）A.can clim
48、b the corporate ladder fairly quicklyB.quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmatesC.receive salaries that do not match their professional trainingD.cherish unrealistic expectations about their future(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.Why there is an increased enrollment
49、in MBA programs.B.The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.C.Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.D.A debate held recently on university campuses.Tina, a 10-lb 2-oz baby, was born into the Rodriguez home. The parents were delighted to have her, and she was given much love and attention. She seemed to grow up very normally, but did learn to talk a bit later than her two older siblings did. One day when she was about 3 years old, she fell off a swing and hurt her head, and had to have a few stitches to close a
