1、英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 24及答案解析(总分：94.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：7，分数：14.00)1.“Linguistic relativity“ was proposed by 1and 2. (清华 2001研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_2.Psycholinguistics is a branch of linguistics which is the study of psychological aspects of language. As an interdisciplinary academic field, it inv
2、estigates the following major subjects; 1 , 2and 3.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_3.A 1language is originally a pidgin that has become established as a native language in some speech community.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.A linguistic 1refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite“ society fr
3、om general use.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.Taboo and 1are two faces of the same communication coin.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the 1attitude connoted in the language that is sexist.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.As Carter and Simpson (1989) observed that “ if the 1960s was a de
4、cade of formalism in stylistics, the 1970s a decade of functionalism, and the 1980s a decade of 1stylistics“. (中山大学 2011年研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_二、判断题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)8.If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假9.When chi
5、ldren learn to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that are not part of the language, they can acquire any sounds in their native language once their parents teach them.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假10.Language reflects sexism in society. Language itself is not sexist, just as it is not
6、 obscene; but it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假11.According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, speakers perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假三、单项选择题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)12._is defined
7、as a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of a second language usually obtained in school settings.（分数：2.00）A.CompetenceB.PerformanceC.LearningD.Acquisition13._are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations.（分数：2.00）A.SlangB.Address termsC.RegistersD.Education vari
8、eties14._refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straight forward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.（分数：2.00）A.Lingua francaB.CreoleC.PidginD.Standard language15.In sociolinguistic studies, speaker are regarded as members of social groups, the social group that is s
9、ingled out for any special study is called_.（分数：2.00）A.the speech communityB.the linguistic groupC.the linguistic communityD.the speech variety group四、简答题(总题数：13，分数：26.00)16.Eskimos have many different words for different types of snow, Aborigines for different types of sand, and in Arabic one must
10、choose from a whole range of words which are subsumed under the Western category CAMEL. Can you explain these phenomena with your linguistic knowledge? (北航 2008研)（分数：2.00）_17.What is linguistic determinism? (北航 2008研)（分数：2.00）_18.What do you think of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis? (西安外国语学院 2006研)（分数：2.
11、00）_19.What will you say to a statement like “our language is our culture“? (四川大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）_20.How would you comment on Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? (北航 2010研)（分数：2.00）_21.Why do we need to teach culture in our language classroom? (四川大学 2010研)（分数：2.00）_22.What are sociolinguistics of society and so
12、ciolinguistics of language? (武汉大学 2007研)（分数：2.00）_23.It is claimed in sociolinguistics that you are what you say. How would you comment on this theoretical claim? (武汉大学 201 1年研)（分数：2.00）_24.In Chinese tone changes are used in the way that affects the meanings of individual words. (中山大学 201 1年研)（分数：2
13、.00）_25.What distinction, if any, can you draw between bilingualism and diglossia?（分数：2.00）_26.How do the speech of women and the speech of men differ from each other?（分数：2.00）_27.Describe the process of language perception, comprehension and production.（分数：2.00）_28.What is Sapir - Whorf hypothesis?
14、（分数：2.00）_五、名词解释(总题数：12，分数：24.00)29.Linguistic relativity(四川大学 2010研；人大 2006研)（分数：2.00）_30.Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (武汉大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）_31.Linguistic determinism (上海交大 2007研)（分数：2.00）_32.Intercultural communication (南开大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）_33.Cross-cultural communication (浙江大学 2003研)（分数：2.00）_34.Pidgin
15、s and Creoles（分数：2.00）_35.Speech community (北外 2010研)（分数：2.00）_36.Diglossia (南开大学 2010研)（分数：2.00）_37.Register (南开大学 2010研)（分数：2.00）_38.linguistic variable (北外 201 1年研)（分数：2.00）_39.conversational maxim (南开大学 201 1年研)（分数：2.00）_40.Blog(中山大学 2011年研)（分数：2.00）_六、1 举例说明题(总题数：7，分数：14.00)41.Some comments on
16、the following statement based on your own experience:There exists a close relationship between language and culture. In other words, a successful master of a given language has much to do with an understanding of that culture. (武汉大学 2007研)（分数：2.00）_42.Explain this statement and give at least two exa
17、mples of it: “In studying other cultures, we do so from the perspective of our own culture.“ (北外 2007研)（分数：2.00）_43.What is linguistic relativity and why is it so important in linguistic studies? (中山大学2006研)（分数：2.00）_44.How much does our language influence the way we think? How deeply do language an
18、d culture interpenetrate and influence one another? These questions about language have fascinated thinkers throughout the ages. For example, Johann Gottfried Herder and Wilhelm von Humboldt in the German Romantic tradition regarded language as a prisma or grid spread over things in the world so tha
19、t each language reflects a different worldview. Write a short essay to explain your position on this view. (北外 2004研)（分数：2.00）_45.How do you understand the role of linguistic research in social and economic development? (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）_46.Why do you think that, all other things being equal, wo
20、men use more standard variants of stable sociolinguistic variables than men? (北外 2006研)（分数：2.00）_47.What is a “slip of the tongue“? What has research into “slip of the tongue“ phenomena revealed about speech production process? (南开大学 2011年研)（分数：2.00）_英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 24答案解析(总分：94.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空
21、题(总题数：7，分数：14.00)1.“Linguistic relativity“ was proposed by 1and 2. (清华 2001研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Sapir）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Whorf）解析：解析：萨丕尔一沃尔夫假说认为，一方面，语言可以决定我们的思维方式；另一方面，语言之间的相似性是相对的，结构性差异越大，反映出对于世界认识的越不同。因此，这个假说也被称作“语言决定论”和“语言相对主义”。2.Psycholinguistics is a branch of linguistics which is the study
22、 of psychological aspects of language. As an interdisciplinary academic field, it investigates the following major subjects; 1 , 2and 3.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：acquisition）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：comprehension）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：production）解析：解析：心理语言学作为语言学的一个分支，是从心理学的角度来研究语言，主要包括语言习得，语言理解和语言产生。3.A 1language is
23、 originally a pidgin that has become established as a native language in some speech community.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：creole）解析：解析：当皮钦语得到发展不再是作为交易的语言，而成为一个社会群体的第一语言时，它就成为克里奥尔语。由皮钦语转变成为克里奥尔语的过程就称作克里奥尔语化。4.A linguistic 1refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite“ society fro
24、m general use.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：taboo）解析：解析：禁忌语是由于宗教、政治或性别原因而避免使用的词汇，通常被委婉语所代替。5.Taboo and 1are two faces of the same communication coin.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：euphemism）解析：解析：禁忌语是由于宗教、政治或性别原因而避免使用的词汇，通常被委婉语所代替。委婉语是用一词代替比较唐突的令人不快的另一词的表达方法。他们是同一交流过程的两个方面。6.Language itself is not sexist
25、, but its use may reflect the 1attitude connoted in the language that is sexist.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：social）解析：解析：语言本身是不存在性别歧视的，但当语言被不同的人使用时，则会反映出社会中存在的性别歧视现象。7.As Carter and Simpson (1989) observed that “ if the 1960s was a decade of formalism in stylistics, the 1970s a decade of functionali
26、sm, and the 1980s a decade of 1stylistics“. (中山大学 2011年研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：discourse）解析：解析：正如 Carter and Simpson认为的那样，如果说 20世纪 60年代是形式主义文体学，70 年代是功能主义文体学，那么 80年代就是话语文体学。二、判断题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)8.If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language success
27、fully later on.（分数：2.00）A.真 B.假解析：解析：如果一个孩子失去了语言环境，他或她是不可能成功地学好一种语言的。9.When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that are not part of the language, they can acquire any sounds in their native language once their parents teach them.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假 解析：解析：不论
28、孩子们生活在何种语言环境中，他们首先获得的是世上所有语言的普遍性知识，之后他们才会学习更为复杂的语言。10.Language reflects sexism in society. Language itself is not sexist, just as it is not obscene; but it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism.（分数：2.00）A.真 B.假解析：解析：语言可以反应出社会的性别歧视现象，但语言本身并无性别歧视意义，语言可以表达出人们对性
29、别的态度及对一些禁忌语和种族歧视的态度。11.According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, speakers perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假 解析：解析：根据萨丕尔一沃尔夫假说的强势版本，语言决定了说话者的感知能力和生活模式，而非说话者的感知能力决定了语言和生活模式。三、单项选择题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)12._is defined as a conscious process of ac
30、cumulating knowledge of a second language usually obtained in school settings.（分数：2.00）A.CompetenceB.PerformanceC.Learning D.Acquisition解析：解析：在学校里，通过有意识的学习而学到第二语言的的过程叫做学习，这不同于儿童不自觉地自然的言语习得过程。13._are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations.（分数：2.00）A.SlangB.Address term
31、sC.Registers D.Education varieties解析：解析：语域是特殊人群使用的言语变体，通常指具有相同职业或具有同样爱好的人。某一语域通常具有自己一些独特的词汇或使用词或短语的特殊方式，而使其与其他语域区分开来。14._refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straight forward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.（分数：2.00）A.Lingua francaB.CreoleC.Pidgin D.Standard la
32、nguage解析：解析：皮钦语不是任何人的母语，是在交往联系的情况下(例如交易)学习的语言变体。15.In sociolinguistic studies, speaker are regarded as members of social groups, the social group that is singled out for any special study is called_.（分数：2.00）A.the speech community B.the linguistic groupC.the linguistic communityD.the speech variety
33、group解析：解析：在社会语言学中，语言使用者都被看作是社会的成员。而具有相同的语言认同或至少共享一种语言变体的人群可称作语言社区。四、简答题(总题数：13，分数：26.00)16.Eskimos have many different words for different types of snow, Aborigines for different types of sand, and in Arabic one must choose from a whole range of words which are subsumed under the Western category C
34、AMEL. Can you explain these phenomena with your linguistic knowledge? (北航 2008研)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：These phenomena can be explained from the following perspectives: (1) These phenomena show a relationship between language and society. Language changes from region to region, from one social group t
35、o another and from individual to individual. The living environment makes great impact on the changes of language. As Eskimo are always living in an environment of a snow world, they have made a good cognition to snow and classified it in different types. Human use language to describe the world the
36、y have cognized. (2) These phenomena can be explained from the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that: our language helps mould our way of thinking and, consequently, different languages may probably express speakers unique ways of understanding the world. So Eskimoss different words
37、for different types of snow reflect their different ways to understand snow.)解析：17.What is linguistic determinism? (北航 2008研)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Linguistic determinism, is one of the two points of Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, and has developed into the strong version of this hypothesis. It could be summ
38、arized as follows: (1) Ones thinking is completely determined by his native language because one cannot but perceive the world in terms of the categories and distinctions encoded in the language. (2) The categories and distinctions encoded in one language system are unique to that system and incommensurable with those of other systems. Therefore, the following statement could represent this hypothesis “If Aristotle had spoken Chinese, his logic would have been different“.)解析：1
